His services in parliament were fruitful of much useful legislation. In a sketch of his life by his friend, David Maclagan, mention is made of eight several acts which he got passed. Those on legal points introduced important practical amendments of the laws, the most interesting, perhaps, being that which put a stop to Gretna Green marriages. Some of his measures bore on social improvement, one of them being an act to facilitate the erection of dwelling-houses for the working classes, and another an act to render reformatories and industrial schools more available for vagrant and destitute children, well known as Dunlop's Act. DUNLOP, ALEXANDER COLQU- in Scotland, to which his services and abiliHOUN-STIRLING - MURRAY- (1798- ties well entitled him. 1870), church lawyer and politician, born 27 Dec. 1798, was the fifth son of Alexander Dunlop of Keppoch, Dumbartonshire, by Margaret Colquhoun of Kenmure, Lanarkshire. His family had in former times taken much interest in the Scottish church. Dunlop was called to the bar in 1820, and in his earliest years was an ardent student of his profession. In 1822 he became one of the editors of Shaw and Dunlop's Reports,' and gave no little evidence of his legal attainments. At an early period his attention was specially directed to parochial law; in 1825 he published a treatise on the law of Scotland relating to the poor, in 1833 a treatise on the law of patronage, and afterwards his fuller treatise on parochial law. The sympathies of Dunlop were very warmly enlisted in the operations of the church, and he took an active part in all the ecclesiastical reforms and benevolent undertakings of the period. But in a pre-eminent degree his interest was excited by the questions relating to the law of patronage, and the collision which arose out of them between the church and the civil courts. Relying on history and statute Dunlop very earnestly supported what was called the non-intrusion' party, led by Chalmers and others, believing it to be constitutionally in the right, and when the church became involved in litigation he devoted himself with rare disinterestedness to her defence. He not only defended the church at the bar of the court of session, but in private councils, in committees, deputations, and publications he was unwearied on her behalf. The public documents in which his position was stated and defended, especially the Claim of Right' in 1842, the Protest and Deed of Demission' in 1843, were mainly his work. The most chivalrous of his parliamentary services was an attack (19 March 1861) on the government of Lord Palmerston, which he had usually supported, in connection with the Afghan war. Many years after the event it was ascertained that certain despatches written in 1839 by Sir Alexander Burnes, our envoy at the Afghan court, had been tampered with in publication, and made to express opinions opposite to those which Sir Alexander held. Dunlop, at a great sacrifice of feeling, moved on 19 March 1861 for a committee of inquiry, and was very ably supported by Mr. Bright and others. Lord Palmerston was put to great straits in his defence, as it could not be denied that Burnes's despatches had been changed; but Disraeli came to his rescue, and on the ground that the matter was now twenty years old advised the house not to reopen it. On a division, the motion of Dunlop was negatived by a vote of 159 to 49. In 1868 he resigned his seat in parliament, the rest of his days being spent chiefly on his property of Corsock in Dumfriesshire. Lord In 1844 he married Eliza Esther, only child Cockburn in his 'Journal' ranks Dunlop in of John Murray of Ainslie Place, Edinburgh, everything, except impressive public exhibiand on the death of his father-in-law in 1849 tion, superior to Chalmers and Candlish. he assumed the name of Murray-Dunlop. Sub-Dunlop,' he says, 'is the purest of enthusequently, in 1866, on succeeding to the estate of his cousin, William Colquhoun-Stirling of Law and Edinbarnet, he took the name of Colquhoun-Stirling-Murray-Dunlop. In 1845 and 1847 he contested the representation of his native town of Greenock, but without success; in 1852 he was returned by the electors, and for fifteen years represented them in a way that met with their most cordial appreciation. In early life he had been a tory, but he was now thoroughly liberal. In parliament, however, while generally supporting the liberals he retained an independent position, declining offices both in connection with the government and with his own profession siasts. The generous devotion with which he has given himself to this cause (the church) has retarded, and will probably arrest the success of his very considerable talent and learning; but a crust of bread and a cup of cold water would satisfy all the worldly desires of this most disinterested person. His luxury would be in his obtaining justice for his favourite and oppressed church, which he espouses from no love of power or any other ecclesiastical object, but solely from piety and the love of the people.' Dunlop died on 1 Sept. 1870, in the seventy-second year of his age. He had four sons and four daughters. DUNLOP, FRANCES ANNE WALLACE (1730-1815), of Dunlop, friend of Robert Burns, descended from a brother of William Wallace, the Scottish patriot, was the last surviving daughter of Sir Thomas Wallace of Craigie, by his wife Eleonora Agnew, daughter of Colonel Agnew of Lochryan. She was born on 16 April 1730. Her only brother died before her father, and on her father's death in 1760 she inherited the property. Previous to this she had, at the age of seventeen, become the wife of Mr. John Dunlop of Dunlop, Ayrshire. She made the acquaintance of Burns in the winter of 1786, shortly after the publication of his first Kilmarnock volume. Having read the Cottar's Saturday Night' in a friend's copy while recovering from a severe illness, she was so delighted with it that she immediately sent off a messenger to Mossgiel, fifteen or sixteen miles distant, for half a dozen copies, and with a friendly invitation for Burns to call at Dunlop House. Her relationship to Wallace was also mentioned, and Burns in his reply warmly expressed his gratification at her noticing his attempts to celebrate her illustrious ancestor. From this time they became fast friends and frequent correspondents, Burns's letters to her being often on the more serious themes. He was also in the habit of enclosing poems to her, among the more remarkable sent her being Auld Lang Syne,' Gae fetch to me a pint of wine,' and Farewell, thou fair day. In his last years she deserted him, and he sent her several letters without ever receiving any explanation. In his last written to her, 12July 1796, he says that having written so often without obtaining an answer, he would not have written her again but for the fact that he would soon be beyond that bourne whence no traveller returns.' When Currie proposed to write the Life of Burns,' Mrs. Dunlop refused to permit her letters to Burns to see the light, but agreed to give a letter of Burns for every one of hers returned. As Burns wrote several to her without obtaining an answer, these were not recovered. She died on 24 May 1815. She had seven sons and six daughters. Burns, in her honour, named his second son Francis Wallace. 6 DUNLOP, JAMES (d. 1832), of Dunlop, Ayrshire, lieutenant-general, was fifth son of John Dunlop, laird of that ilk, by his wife, Frances Anne [see DUNLOP, FRANCES ANNE WALLACE], last surviving daughter of Sir Thomas Wallace, bart., of Craigie, and was enfeoffed of the Dunlop estate in 1784 on the resignation of his father, his only remaining elder brother, Sir Thomas, having already succeeded to the Craigie estate under the name of Wallace. Before this, in January 1778, James Dunlop had been appointed ensign in the old 82nd (Hamilton) foot, raised in the lowlands at that time at the cost of the Duke of Hamilton. Dunlop accompanied the regiment to Nova Scotia and obtained his lieutenancy in 1779. In the spring of that year he went with the flank companies to New York and was wrecked on the coast of New Jersey, when four-fifths of the company to which he belonged were drowned and the rest made prisoners by the Americans. Having been exchanged, Dunlop accompanied part of the 80th foot from New York to Virginia, and was actively engaged there. When the mouth of the Chesapeake was seized by two French frigates, he was despatched with the news to Charlestown, where he arrived in April 1781; after which he joined a detachment under Major (afterwards Sir James) Craig [q. v.] at Wilmington, North Carolina, and commanded a troop of mounted infantry acting as dragoons. After Cornwallis's surrender at York Town, Virginia, on 19 Oct. 1781, the troops at Wilmington were withdrawn to Charlestown, and Dunlop, who meanwhile had purchased a company in his own corps, the 82nd, rejoined it at Halifax, where he served until the peace in 1783, when the regiment was ordered home. A leak caused the transport to run for Antigua, where the troops landed and did duty until 1784, when the regiment was disbanded at Edinburgh, and Dunlop put on half-pay. In 1787, having raised men for a company in the 77th foot, one of the four king's regiments raised at that time at the expense of the East India Company, he was brought on full pay in that regiment, accompanied it to Bombay, and served under Lord Cornwallis in the campaign against Tippoo Sahib in 1791. In 1794 he became deputy paymaster-general of king's troops, Bombay, and later, military secretary to the governor of Bombay. The same year he became brevetmajor, which promotion did not appear in orders in India until two years afterwards. He became major in the 77th in September, and lieutenant-colonel in December 1795. When the latter promotion was announced in orders about twelve months after date, Dunlop resigned his staff appointments, joined his regiment, and commanded a field-force against a refractory rajah in Malabar, defeating three detachments, one of them two thousand strong, sent out against him. After this he commanded at Cochin. On the breaking out of the Mysore war, he was appointed to a European brigade in General Stewart's division, and commanded it in the action at Sedaseer 6 March, and at the capture of Seringapatam 4 May 1799, where he led the left column of assault (the right column being led by David Baird [q. v.]), and received a very severe tulwar wound, from which he never quite recovered. He was subsequently employed against the hill-forts in the Canara country, and soon after returned home. On the renewal of the war with France in 1803, Dunlop was ordered to take command of a royal garrison battalion in Guernsey, composed of recruiting detachments and recruits of king's regiments serving in India. In 1804 he exchanged from the 77th to 59th foot, then stationed on the Kentish coast; in 1805 he became brigadier-general and was appointed to a brigade in Cornwall; afterwards he was transferred to the eastern district, and for a time commanded a highland brigade at Colchester. He became a major-general 25 July 1810, and in October was appointed to the staff of Lord Wellington's army in the Peninsula, which he joined at Torres Vedras in November the same year. He was appointed to a brigade in the 5th division under General Leith, which took part in the pursuit of the French to Santarem. On Leith's departure after the return of the division to Torres Vedras, Dunlop assumed command. At the head of the division he joined Lord Wellington between Leiria and Pombal in March 1811, and commanded it throughout the ensuing campaign, including the battle of Fuentes d'Onoro, 5 May 1811, with the exception of a period of ten days, when the command devolved on Sir William Erskine. When the division went into winter quarters at Guarda, Dunlop obtained leave of absence and did not rejoin the Peninsular army. He was made lieutenant-general in 1817, and colonel 75th foot in 1827. He represented the stewartry of Kirkcudbright in three successive parliaments from 1813 to 1826. He died in 1832. Dunlop married, in 1802, Julia, daughter of Hugh Baillie of Monckton, and by her left issue. His grandson, the late Sir James Dunlop, M.P., received a baronetcy in 1838. [For the genealogy of the ancient Lowland family of Dunlop of Dunlop, see Jas. Paterson's Acet. of co. Ayr (Ayr, 1847), ii. 46-8; for Dunlop's services see Philippart's R. Mil. Cal. 1820, vol. iii.; Gent. Mag. cii. i. 640.] H. M. C. DUNLOP, JAMES (1795-1848), astronomer, was born in Ayrshire in 1795. He accompanied Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane [q. v.] to New South Wales in 1821 as assistant in the observatory founded by him at Paramatta, of which, after Rümker's departure on 16 June 1823, Dunlop remained in sole charge. The greater part of the observations for the 'Brisbane Catalogue' of 7385 southern stars, brought to a close on 2 March 1826, were thus made by him. He detected Encke's comet on 2 June 1822, at its first calculated return, and observed the bright comet of 1825 from 21 July to 8 Nov., inferring axial rotation from striking changes in the figure of its tail. An occultation by the same body of the third magnitude star Eridani was carefully watched by him on 3 Oct. (Edinb. Journ. of Science, vi. 84). After the return of his principal to Europe late in 1825 Dunlop resolved, at some sacrifice of his private interests, to remain in the colony for the purpose of exploring its littleknown skies. A nine-foot reflector of his own construction served him for sweeping from the pole to latitude 30°; and his micrometrical measures of double stars were executed with a 46-inch equatorial, which he had provided with two micrometers-a parallelline, and a double-image on Amici's principle. His own house at Paramatta was his observatory. The chief results were embodied in A Catalogue of Nebula and Clusters of Stars in the Southern Hemisphere, observed at Paramatta in New South Wales,' presented to the Royal Society by Sir John Herschel, and read on 20 Dec. 1827 (Phil. Trans. exviii. 113). The collection included 629 objects, nearly all previously unknown, and was accompanied by drawings of the more remarkable among them. Its merit was acknowledged by the bestowal of the Astronomical Society's gold medal, in presenting which, on 8 Feb. 1828, Sir John Herschel spoke in high terms of Dunlop's qualities as an observer (Monthly Notices, i. 60). Unfortunately this favourable opinion was not altogether confirmed by subsequent experience. No more than 211 of Dunlop's nebula were disclosed by Herschel's far more powerful telescopes at the Cape, and he was driven to conclude that in a great number of cases a want of sufficient light or defining power in the instrument used by Mr. Dunlop has been the cause of his setting down objects as nebula where none really exist' (Observations at the Cape. P. 4). Nor did the 'Brisbane Catalogue afford him the well-determined star places he expected from it. The polar distances proved indeed satisfactory; but the right ascensions were affected by comparatively large instru mental errors imperfectly investigated. Moonlit and other nights unfavourable to the discovery of nebula were devoted by Dunlop at Paramatta to the observation of double stars, of which 254 were catalogued, and 29 micrometrically measured by him. In the form of a letter to Brisbane these results were imparted to the Astronomical Society on 9 May 1828, and were published in their 'Transactions' with the title 'Approximate Places of Double Stars in the Southern Hemisphere' (Mem. R. A. Soc. iii. 257). Some have not since been re-identified, no doubt owing to faultiness in their assigned positions. Dunlop returned to Europe in April 1827 and took charge of Sir Thomas Brisbane's observatory at Makerstoun in Roxburghshire, where he observed Encke's comet 26 Oct. to 25 Dec. 1828 (ib. iv. 186), and determined the 'difference of the right ascensions of the moon and stars in her parallel,' with a four-foot transit instrument in 1829-30 (ib. v. 349). In 1827, 1828, and 1829 he made an extensive series of magnetic observations in various parts of Scotland, and arranged the ascertained particulars in 'An Account of Observations made in Scotland on the Distribution of the Magnetic Intensity,' communicated to the Royal Society of Edinburgh on 19 April 1830 by Brisbane, who had borne the entire expense of the undertaking (Edinb. Phil. Trans. xii. 1). A chart of the isodynamical magnetic lines throughout Scotland was appended. On Rümker's resignation in 1829, Dunlop was by the government of New South Wales appointed director of the Paramatta Observatory, and repaired to his post in 1831. He there discovered two small comets on 30 Sept. 1833 and 19 March 1834 respectively (Monthly Notices, iii. 100); determined the relative brightness of about four hundred southern stars with a double image eye-piece (ib. ii. 190); and his observations of the Moon and Moon-culminating Stars, Eclipses of Jupiter's Satellites, and Occultations of Fixed Stars by the Moon' during 1838 were laid by Brisbane before the Royal Astronomical Society (ib. v. 8). These were the last signs of activity from the Paramatta Observatory. Dunlop resigned in 1842, and the instruments were removed to Sydney five years later. He died at Bora Bora, Brisbane Water, on 22 Sept. 1848, aged 53. He had been since 1828 a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, and he was a corresponding member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. [Sydney Morning Herald, 27 Sept. 1848; Comptes Rendus, xxxii. 261; Observatory, iii. 614; H. C. Russell on the Sydney Observatory; Roy. Soc.'s Cat. of Sci. Papers.] A. M. C. DUNLOP, JOHN (1755-1820), songwriter, born November 1755, was the youngest son of Provost Colin Dunlop of Carmyle in the parish of Old Monkland, Lanarkshire. He began life as a merchant, and was lord provost of Glasgow in 1796. He lived at Rosebank, near Glasgow, a property which he planted and beautified. Early in the eighteenth century it came into the possession of Provost Murdoch, and through his daughter, Margaret, it fell to her son-in-law, John Dunlop. He was appointed collector of customs at Borrowstounness, whence he was afterwards removed to Port Glasgow. An active-minded man, he is described as 'a merchant, a sportsman, a mayor, a collector, squire, captain and poet, politician and factor.' His humour and social qualities made him sought after. He sang well and wrote songs, some of which show a graceful lyrical faculty and are still popular. 'Oh dinna ask me gin I lo'e ye' is perhaps the best known, and with 'Here's to the year that's awa' is often included in collections of Scottish poetry. These and two others by him are in the Modern Scottish Minstrel' (1857, v. 77-81) of Dr. C. Rogers. Dunlop was also known as a writer of monumental and other inscriptions. He was a leading member of the convivial Hodge Podge Club in Glasgow, for which some of his verses were composed (J. STRANG, Glasgow and its Clubs, 2nd edit. 1857, pp. 43-6, 50, 53). In figure he was a 'hogshead,' but as jolly a cask as ere loaded the ground.' In 1818 he edited for a son of Sir James and Lady Frances Steuart some letters to them from Lady Mary W. Montagu, since reprinted by Lord Wharncliffe. He printed for private circulation a couple of volumes of his occasional pieces, and his son, John Colin Dunlop [q. v.], the author of the History of Fiction,' edited a volume of his poems in 1836. According to the statement of the Rev. Charles Rogers, four volumes of poetry in manuscript are in existence (Notes and Queries, 5th ser. iv. 435). He died at Port Glasgow 4 Sept. 1820, aged 65 (Scots Magazine, October 1820, p. 383). 6 His works are: 1. Poems on several Occasions,' Greenock, 1817-19, 2 vols. 8vo (only ten copies, privately printed; one is in the Abbotsford Library). 2. 'Original Letters from the Right Hon. Lady Mary W. Montagu to Sir James and Lady Frances Steuart, and Memoirs and Anecdotes of those distinguished Persons,' 12mo, Greenock, 1818 (privately printed). 3. Poems on several Occasions from 1793 to 1816,' 8vo, Edinburgh, 1836 (only fifty copies privately printed by J. Colin Dunlop). Not one of these three works is in the British Museum. [G. Stewart's Curiosities of Glasgow Citizenship, 1881, pp. 201-2; Martin's Catalogue of Privately Printed Books, 2nd edition, 1854, pp. 232, 243, 463; Coltness Collections (Maitland Club), 1842, pp. xxi, 310, 383, 388; Letters to Lady Steuart and G. Chalmers, November 1804, in British Museum, Addit. MS. 22901, ff. 205, 211.] H. R. T. supplementing R. Watson and Thomson's Philip II and III' (1555–1621), which, with Robertson's 'Charles V' and Coxe's' Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon' (1700-88), supply the English reader with a continuous history of Spain for nearly three hundred years. In 1836 he printed for private circulation fifty copies of the 'Poems' of his father, John Dunlop. His last production was a volume of translations from the Latin anthology (1838), which is said to give evidence of plagiarism and negligence (Blackwood's Mag. April 1838, pp. 521-64). He died at Edinburgh in February 1842 (Gent. Mag. March 1842, p. 341). ... DUNLOP, JOHN COLIN (d. 1842), author, was the son of John Dunlop [q. v.] of Rosebank, Glasgow. He was studious and retired in disposition. He was admitted an advocate in 1807, but was only nominally at the bar. The first edition of his wellknown History of Fiction' was published He was well read in the Greek and Latin at Edinburgh in 1814. An article by W. Hazlitt in the 'Edinburgh Review' (Novem- classics, and in the literatures of France, ber 1814, pp. 38-58) complains of the omis- Germany, Italy, and Spain. Gentle, amiable, sion of reference to metrical fiction and cheerful, and a good talker, his physical prethe narrow and unphilosophical views; but sence showed a marked contrast with that Christopher North censured the reviewer as of his robust and jovial father. 'People 'one of the shallowest praters that ever con- sometimes wondered how so feeble and so retaminated the fields of classical disquisition tired a creature could venture as a penal magisby his touch' (Blackwood's Mag. Septem-trate among the strong sailors of Greenock ber 1824, p. 291). The 'Quarterly Review' or the illfed rebels of precarious Paisley; but (July 1815, pp.384-408) considered the work he did his duty among them very well. executed on a defective plan, in what we In appearance he was exceedingly like a incline to think rather a superficial manner.' little, old, gray cuddy-a nice kindly body, These strictures are noticed in the preface with a clear, soft Scotch voice, so exactly to the second edition, which the author claims like that of Glenlee that the two were unto have improved and enlarged. More re- distinguishable. Everybody loved Dunlop; cent specialists have investigated particular and, with the single exception of a relation branches of the subject, some of Dunlop's views who was always trying to swindle him, there and opinions are obsolete, and it would be easy was no one whom Dunlop did not love' to point out small deficiencies and errors, but (Journ. of Henry Cockburn, 1874, i. 310-11). he was a conscientious critic, and in most instances he had carefully read the works he describes. The oriental and modern sections are the weakest. The chapters on romances of chivalry are good, and those on the Italian novelists deserve high praise. The stories are well condensed, and the book is written in a clear and agreeable style. It is still the most complete and useful history of prose fiction. Noch immer ist die Arbeit des Schotten John Dunlop die einzige in ihrer Art,' says Liebrecht. Evidence of the worth of the work is to be seen in the fact that the German version is not materially preferable to the original. Dunlop was appointed' sheriff depute of the shire of Renfrew, in the room of John Connell, esq., resigned,' in 1816 (London Gazette, 20 July 1816). This office he retained until his death. In 1823 he produced the first two volumes of a 'History of Roman Literature,' which is noticeable for useful abstracts of the writings described, and illustrations drawn from modern European literatures. The Memoirs of Spain,' published in 1834, deals with the period from 1621 to 1700, 6 The titles of his works are: 1. The History of Fiction, being a Critical Account of the most celebrated Prose Works of Fiction from the earliest Greek Romances to the Novels of the present Age,' 3 vols. sm. 8vo, Edinburgh, 1814; 2nd edition, 3 vols. sm. 8vo, Edinburgh, 1816; 3rd edition (unaltered), large 8vo, double columns, London, 1845. A new edition, continued to recent times, is announced by Messrs. George Bell & Sons. Translated as 'John Dunlop's Geschichte der Prosadichtungen, u.s.w., aus dem Englischen übertragen und vielfach vermehrt und berichtigt, so wie mit einleitender Vorrede, ausführlichen Anmerkungen und einem vollständigen Register versehen von Felix Liebrecht,' large 8vo, Berlin, 1851. 2. History of Roman Literature, from its earliest period to the Augustan Age,' 3 vols. 8vo, London, 1823-8 (now scarce, especially complete with the third volume). 3. Memoirs of Spain during the Reigns of Philip IV and Charles II, from 1621 to 1700,' 2 vols. 8vo, Edinburgh, 1834. 4. 'Selections from the Latin Anthology, translated into English Verse,' 8vo, Edinburgh, 1838. |