in difguife, on his return from the American camp. Avows his

name and condition in a letter to Gen. Washington. Gen. Arnold

efcapes on board the Vulture fhip of war. Various letters written,

and means ineffectually used in order to fave Major André fram

the impending danger. He is tried by a board of American Ġene

ral Officers. His candour and magnanimity on the trial: is fen-

tenced on his own confeffion, and the teftimony of the papers which

were found upon him. Liberality with which he was treated, and

his fenfe of it. His untimely death clofes the tragedy. Unufual

Sympathy which he excited in the American army. Gen. Arnold is

appointed to a command in the British army. Publishes an address

to the inhabitants of America; and a proclamation, directed to the

officers and foldiers of the continental army. Diftreffes in the Arre-

rican army, and fome of their causes.
[32

CHA P. IV.

War in South Carolina. State of affairs after the battle of Camden.
Inaction caused by the fickly feafon. Sequeftration of Eftates. Col.
Furgufon defeated and killed on the King's Mountain. General
Sumpter routed by Col. Tarleton. Brig. Gen. Leflie fent on an
expedition from New York to the Chesapeak, Proceeds to Charles
Town, and joins Lord Cornwallis. Gen. Greene arrives in North
Carolina, and takes the command of the Southern American army.
Colonel Tarleton dispatched to oppofe Gen. Morgan, who advances
on the fide of Ninety-Six. Tarleton defeated with great loss. Un-
fortunate confequences of the destruction of the light troops under
Ferguson and Tarleton. Lord Cornwallis enters North Carolina
by the upper roads. Leaves Lord Rawdon with a confiderable
force at Camden, to refrain the commotions in South Carolina. Vi-
gorous, but ineffectual purfuit of Morgan. Deftruction of the bag-
gage in the British army. Admirable temper of the troops. Ma-
fterly movements by Lord Cornwallis for paffing the Catawba,
General Williamfon killed, and his party routed. Militia furprized
and routed by Tarleton. Rapid purfuit of Morgan, who notwith-
Standing paffes the Yadkin, and fecures the boats on the other fide.
British army marches to Salisbury; from whence Lord Cornwallis
proceeds with the utmost expedition to feize the fords on the river
Dan, and thereby cut Greene off from Virginia. Succeeds in gain-
ing the fords. Rapid purfuit of the American army. Their efcape
by unexpectedly paffing the Roanoke. Extraordinary exertions and
hardflips of the British army. Proceeds to Hillsborough. Expe-
dition from Charles Town to Cape Fear River. Wilmington
taken, and made a place of arms and fupply. Gen. Greene, being

reinforced, returns from Virginia; and the British army marches

to

to Allemance Creek. Skirmish between Tarleton's corps and Lee's

legion. Greene falls back to the Reedy Fork. Strange defect of

intelligence, experienced by the British general in North Carolina.

American army being farther reinforced, Gen. Greene again ad-

vances. Movements on both fides preparatory to the battle of Guild-

ford. Account of that fevere and well-fought action. British

officers killed and wounded. Col. Webfler dies of his wounds. Gen.

Greene retires to the Iron Works on Troublefome Creek. Lord

Cornwallis obliged to march to the Deep River, through the want

of provifions and forage. Neceffities and diftreffes of the army ob-

lige Lord Cornwallis to proceed to Wilmington for fupplies. Un-

ufual confequences of victory.

CHAP. V.

[50

Expedition to Virginia under General Arnold. State of grievances

which led to the mutiny in the American army. Penfylvania line,

after a fcuffle with their officers, march off from the camp, and

chufe a ferjeant to be their leader. Meffage, and flag of truce, pro-

duce no fatisfactory answer from the infurgents, who proceed first

to Middle Brook, and then to Prince Town. Meafures ufed by

Sir Henry Clinton to profit of this defection. He paffes over to

Staten Island, and fends agents to make advantageous proposals to

the mutineers. Propofals for an accommodation, founded on a

redrefs of grievances, made by Gen. Reed, and favourably received

by the infurgents; who march from Prince Town to Trenton upon

the Delaware, and deliver up the agents from Sir Henry Clinton.

Grievances redreffed, and matters finally fettled by a committee of the

congrefs. Ravages made by Arnold in Virginia, draw the atten-

tion of the French, as well as the Americans, to that country. Gen.

Washington dispatches the Marquis de la Fayette with forces to its

relief. Expedition to the Chefapeak, concerted by M. de Ternay,

and the Count Rochambeau, at Rhode Island, for the fame purpose,

and to cut off Gen. Arnold's retreat. Admirals Arbuthnot and

Graves encounter the French fleet, and overthrow all their defigns

in the Chefapeak. Lord Cornwallis's departure_to_ Wilmington,

enables Gen. Greene to direct his operations to South Carolina. Si-

tuation of Lord Rawdon at Camden. American army appears

before that place. Greene attacked in his camp, and defeated. Ge-

neral revolt in the interior country of South Carolina. Difficulties

of Lord Rawdon's fituation, notwithstanding his victory. Obliged

to abandon Camden, and retire to Nelson's Ferry, where he paffes

the Santee. British posts taken, and general hoftility of the province.

Great havock made by the Generals Phillips and Arnold in Vir-

ginia. Extreme difficulties of Lord Cornwallis's fituation at Wil-

mington. Undertakes a long march to Virginia; arrives at Pe-

terfburgh,

P 2

tersburgh, and receives an account of Gen. Phillips's death. Arrival

of three regiments from Ireland at Charles Town, enables Lord

Rawdon to march to the relief of Ninety-Six. General Greene,

having failed in his attempt to take the fort by storm, raises the fuge,

upon the approach of the British army, and is vigorously, but in-

effectually purfued. Works at Ninety-Six deftroyed, and the place

abandoned. Lord Rawdon marches to the Congarees; is difap-

pointed in the expected junction of Col. Stuart, and narrowly efcapes

being furrounded by the enemy, who had intercepted the intelligence

of Stuart's failure. He forces his way through Congaree Creek,

and is joined by Col. Stuart at Orangeburgh. Gen. Greene ad-

vances to attack the British army, but retires again in the night.

Campaign clofes, and fituation of the hoftile forces during the fickly

feafon. Incredible hardships fuftained, and difficulties furmounted,

by the British troops in the two Carolinas.

CHAP. VI.

[72

Great lofs fuftained by the Spanish feet in a hurricane, on its way to

the attack of Weft Florida. Is refitted, and again proceeds from

the Havannah. Pensacola invefted by fea and land. Gallant de-

fence. Principal redoubt blown up by accident, which compels

Governor Chefer, and General Campbell, to a furrender. Weft

Indies. Ineffectual attempt on the island of St. Vincent. Dutch

iftand of St. Eustatius taken by the British fleet and army, under

Sir George Rodney and Gen. Vaughan. Prodigious booty. lands

of St. Martin and Saba furrender. Dutch man of war and convoy,

on their return to Europe, purfued and taken. The fettlements of

Demerary, fequibo, and the Berbices, on the coaft of Surinam,

make a tender of fubmiffion to the British Government, and are

granted favourable conditions. Difcontents, complaints, and law-

fuits, occafioned by the confifcation of private property at St. Eufta-

tius. M. de Graffe arrives with a fleet and great convoy in the

Weft Indies from Europe. Engagement between him and the

Admirals Sir Samuel Hood and Drake, in the Channel of St. Lucia.

Sir George Rodney departs from St. Euftatius to oppose the progress

of the enemy. Ineffective attempt made by the Marquis de Bouille

on the island of St. Lucia. French invafion of the island of Tobago.

Vigorous defence. Public Spirit of the planters. Surrendered by

capitulation. M. de Graffe, having escorted a vaft convoy on its

way to Europe, proceeds with his fleet to the Chesapeak, Sir

George Rodney returns to England; and Sir Samuel Hood fails

with a fquadron to counteract the defigns of De Graffe at the

Chesapeak

198

CHAP.

CHAP. VII.

Lord Cornwallis's progress in Virginia. Paffes the River James,
and the South Anna. Parties detached to fcour the interior country.
Arms and ftores deftroyed. Army falls back towards the fea. Rear
attacked on the march to Williamsburg. Action previous to paffing
the River James. Lord Cornwallis fortifies the pofts of York Town
and Gloucester Point. Tranfactions on the fide of New York.
Function of the American army under Gen. Washington, and the
French forces under the Count de Rochambeau, on the White Plains.
Appearances of an attack on New York, Staten Island, and Sandy
Hook. Combined army fuddenly march to the Delaware, which
they pass at Trenton, and continuing their courfe through Philadel
phia, arrived at the head of Elk. Expedition, under the conduct
of Gen. Arnold, to New London. Desperate defence made at Fort
Grifwold, which is taken by form, with confiderable lofs. New
London burnt. Great lofs fuftained by the Americans, in the de-
fruction of naval flores and merchandize. Sir Samuel Hood ar-
rives off the Chefapeak; and not meeting the fquadron from New
York proceeds to Sandy Hook. M. de Barras fails from Rhode
Hand to join the Count de Graffe. Admiral Graves departs from
New York. M. de Graffe arrives from the West Indies in the
Chefapeak. Engagement between the British and French fleets.
Lord Cornwallis's army closely blocked up on the fide of the Chefa-
peak. The combined army are conveyed by water from Baltimore,
and join the Marquis de la Fayette's forces at Williamsburg. Pofts
at York and Gloucefter clofely invested. Siege regularly formed, and
trenches opened by the enemy. Refolution of a council of war at
New York, to ufe every exertion of the fleet and army for the fuc-
cour of the forces in Virginia. Unavoidable delay in refitting the
fleet. Sir Henry Clinton embarks, with 7000 land forces, on board
the men of war. Defences of York Town ruined, and the bat-
teries filenced, by the fuperior weight of the enemy's artillery. Take
two redoubts, and complete their fecond parallel. Successful fally.
The poft being no longer tenable, Lord Cornwallis attempts to pass
the troops over to Gloucefter Point in the night, but the defign is
fruftrated by a fudden form. He is obliged to enter into a capitu-
lation with Gen. Washington. Conditions. The British fleet and
army arrive off the Chesapeak, five days after the furrender. [118

CHAP. VIII.

State of affairs during the recess. Confequences of the riots in London.
Caufes which led to the diffolution of parliament. Refolutions of the
Yorkshire committee, and of other affociated bodies. Delegates ap-

P 3

pointed

pointed to attend in London. General election. Capture of Mr.

Laurens, and his committal to the Tower. Effect produced by

his papers in precipitating the war with Helland. Sir Jofeph

Yorke withdraws from the Hague. Manifefto. New lords

created. Earl of Carlisle appointed to the government of Ireland.

Meeting of parliament. Debates on the choice of a fpeaker. Mr.

Cornewall chofen. Speech from the throne. Aadreffes. Amend-

ments propofed, and rejected, in both houses. Grant of feamen.

Vote of thanks to the late Speaker. To the British generals and

admiral in America. Debate on the appointment of Sir Hugh

Pallifer to the government of Greenwich hofpital. Recefs. [137

CHAP IX.

Declaration of war againfi Holland, and hoftilities commenced. Mef-

fage from the throne. Debates on the Dutch war. Addrefs merved

by the minifier. Amendment moved by Lord John Cavendish.

The amendment rejected upon a divifion; fecond amendment by

Lord Mahon rejected, and the original addrefs paffed. Addres

moved for in the Houfe of Lords by Lord Stormont; and an amend-

ment by the Duke of Richmond. Unusually late debate. Amend-

ment rejected on a divifion. Tavo Protefis. Mr. Fox's motion

relative to the appointment of Sir Hugh Pallifer to the govern

ment of Greenwich Hofpital. Amendment moved by the minifter,

and after much debate carried upon a divifin. Mr. Fox's con-

cluding motion evaded, by moving for the order of the day. India

affairs. Complaints against the fupreme judicature of Bengal.

Two petitions from India; one, from the governor-general and

council at Calcutta; the other, from the British fubjects refining

in Bengal, Bahar, and Oriffa. Select committee of fifteen bal

lotted for, to examine the grounds of the petitions.

CHAP. X.

[*162

Debates on Mr. Burke's bill for the regulation of the civil lift efia-
blishments. Question for the fecond reading over-ruled upon a
divifion, and the bill put off for fix months. Debates on the subject
of the loan. Mr. Fox's motion for omitting the lattery clause, re-

jected upon a divifion. Farther debates and ftrictures upon the

loan. Another motion against the lottery, which is again over-

ruled upon a divifion. Mr. Byng's motion for a lift of fubfcribers

to the loan, agreed to; other motions rejected. Motion for the

commitment of Sir P. 7. Clerke's contractors bill, over-ruled upon

a divifion. Mr. Crewe's bill for refraining revenue officers

from voting on elections of members of parliament, rejected upon

a divifion. Debate on the Duke of Bolton's motion for an en-

quiry