NOTE. Two subjects united by a coördinate conjunction, do not form a compound subject, unless the predicate may belong to each when taken separately; as, "Rocrates was a distinguished philosopher," and "Plato was a distinguished philosopher." But not so with the following propositions : :-"Two and two are four;""Vice and misery are ins parable." We cannot say; "Two are four and two are four: "Vice is inseparable and misery is inseparable.”

The same distinction should be observed in any element "The boat sails between Brooklyn and New York;" not "between Brooklyn and between New York."

The soldier was weak. bust

courageous.

It is a sentence having a simple subject and compound predicat..

Soldier..... is the subject.

Was weak and was courageous form the compound predi cate, because they belong in common to the

But

The subject.. is limited by "th," an active element of the first class, used to astre"soldier." is a coördinate conjunction, (adversative, and connects the two predicates by con trasting the latter with the forver, acc ing to Rule XI.

You may buy books or slates.

It is a sentence having a compound objective element.

is the subject.

is the predicate.

is not limited.

is limited by "books or states," a compoun! objective element, of the first class showing what may be bought.

Or....

is a coördinate conjunction, (alternative,) showing that a choice is offered between "books" and "slates," which are connected by it; according to Rule XI.

161. Since a compound element may have a verb or pronoun agreeing with it, the following rule should be observed:

RULE XII. When a verb or pronoun relates to two or more nouns connected by a coördinate conjunction,

1st. If it agrees with them taken conjointly, it must be in the plural number; —

2d. But, if it agrees with them taken separately, it must be of the same number as that which stands next to it.

3d. If it agrees with one, and not the other, it must be of the same number as that with which it agrees.

EXAMPLES.

1. Charles and his sister were absent.

2.

3.

Charles or his sister was absent.

Neither Charles nor his sister was absent.

Charles or his sisters were absent.

Either his sisters or Charles himself was absent.

Not Charles, but his sister, was absent.

Charles, and not his sister, was absent.
Charles, as well as his sister, was absent.
Not Charles, but his sisters, were absent.
Charles, and not his sisters, was absent.

(a.) When the connected parts are preceded by each, every, and no, the verb or pronoun should be in the singular number.

162. When the parts connected by a coördinate conjunction are of different persons a verb should agree with the first person, rather than the second or third, and with the second rather than the third; as, "John and I are coming;" "Thou or John art guilty."

163. A compound predicate generally contains similar attributes, each being a verb, a participle, an adjective, or a noun.

(a.) The parts generally, though not always, agree in mode and tense.

164. When two or more nouns in the possessive case are connected, 1st, if the object possessed belongs to the two conjointly, the sign of possession should be applied to the last only; as, Little and Brown's store; but, 2d, if different objects, having the same name, are possessed, the sign of pos session ('s) should belong to them separately; as. "Greenleaf's and Emerson's Arithmetic."

EXERCISE 28.

Analyze the following sentences, parsing the conjunctions and the verbs:

The sun and moon stood still. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, were Jewish patriarchs. Exercise ferments the humors, throws off redundancies, and assists nature. The plain and simple style recommends and heightens the sublime. Education expands and elevates the mind. Religion refines and purifies the affections Many very worthy

and sensible people have certain odd tricks. Some people do little good, but much evil.

Write predicates to the following compound sub

Washington and Lafayette; sun and moon; my brother and I; Samuel or Peter; silver or gold; neither one nor the other not Adam, but Eve; snow, as well as rain; William or his sons; Cain, and not Abel; Jacob or his children; the members or the president; not the children, but the father; George, and Joseph also; every man and woman; each boy and girl.

MODEL. Washington and Lafayette were distinguished generals.

Write compound predicates to the following subiccts:

Promises, murderer, emperor, picture, Bible, boys, chil dren, grammar, Arnold, Cicero, Mahomet, coal, religion, virtue, diligence, behavior, kindness.

MODEL. Promises are often made and broken.

Write fifteen sentences of your own, limiting the subjects of the first five by a compound adjective element, the predicates of the next five by a compound objective element, — and the predicates of the last five by a compound adverbial element.

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MODELS. A large and beautiful horse was killed. The flood swept away trees, fences, houses, and barns. < Some men sin frequently, deliberately, and presumptuously.

Write ten sentences, making any two elements in tach compound.

MODEL. George and David study grammar and arith metic.

SECTION XI.

SEVERAL ELEMENTS OF THE SAME NAME. --
RECAPITULATION.

165. We have seen (Sec. VIII.) that several dissimilar elements may unite, and form one complex element, and (Sec. IX.) that several similar elements may unite, and form one compound element. Besides these, there may be several elements which do not unite with each other, but form two or more separate elements of the same name; as, “An indolent man seldom rises early.”

(a.) Such elements are always subordinate to the subject or predicate, but are neither subordinate to, nor coordinate with, each other. They may be either simple, complex, or compound.

166. There may be several different adjective elements; as, "The good parson, Mr. Wiseman, has paid us a visit.”

167. There may be two objective elements, (120;) as, "I gave him a book;" "They made him president." 168. There may be several adverbial elements; as, "The sun is always eclipsed twice annually."

NOTE. This condition of the elements will be illustrated more fully hereafter.

RECAPITULATION, AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE

ELEMENTS.

169. The following recapitulation and classification of the materials which enter into the structure of a sentence, will serve to prepare the learner for the two succeeding chapters.