LONGUEIL (GILBERT, or GISBERT DE), a skilful physician of the sixteenth century, was born in 1507, at Utrecht, and died in 1543, at Cologn, aged thirty-six. He was physician to Herman, archbishop of that city, and left the following works, "Lexicon Græco-Latinum," 1533, 8vo; “Remarks in Latin on Ovid's Metamorphoses, Plautus, Cornelius Nepos, the Rhetoric of Herennius, and on Laurentius Valla," in several volumes 8vo; an edition in Greek and Latin of the "Life of Apollonius Tyaneus," by Philostratus, 8vo, and a Latin translation of Plutarch's seven "Opuscula," 8vo; Notes on Cicero's familiar Epistles, and a second edition of the Council of Nice, &c.'

LONGUERUE (LEWIS DUFOUR DE), son of Peter Dufour, seigneur de Longuerue, a Norman gentleman, king's lieutenant of Charleville, in which city he was born, 1652, discovered such uncommon genius for learning at four years old, that Louis XIV. passing through Charleville, and hearing him mentioned, desired to see him. His tutor was the celebrated Richelet; and Peter d'Ablancourt, who was related to him, superintended his education and studies. He was taught both the oriental and European languages, and acquired an extensive knowledge of history,: antiquities, the sacred writings, the holy fathers, &c. To an uncommon memory he joined very considerable critical talents. He held two abbeys, that of Sept-Fontaines in the diocese of Rheims, and of Jard in the diocese of Sens. He died November 22, 1733, at Paris, aged eighty-two. His works are, 1. A Dissertation in Latin, on Tatian, in the edition of that author, published at Oxford, 1700, 8vo; 2." La Description Historique de la France," Paris, 1719, folio. This work his countrymen think unworthy of the abbé de Longuerue, from the changes which have been made in it, and the hurry in which it was printed. The original maps, which have been altered, may be found in some copies. 3. "Annales Arsacidarum," Strasburg, -1732. 4. "Dissertation on Transubstantiation," which passed under the name of his friend the minister Allix, because unfavourable to the catholic faith. He wrote also Remarks on the Life of Cardinal Wolsey, and left numerous works in MSS. on different subjects in several volumes, folio. There is a collection of his bon mots among the "Ana.'

1. Moveri.-Burman Traject. erudit.-Dict. Hist.

? Life prefixed to the Longuerana.-Moreri,~Dict. Hist.

LONGUEVAL (JAMES), a learned French ecclesiastical historian, was born at Santerre in Picardy in 1680, and was educated at Amiens and Paris. In 1699 he entered into the society of the Jesuits at Paris, and devoted himself with great ardour to writing a "History of the Gallican Church." Of this he published the first eight volumes, and had nearly completed the ninth and tenth, when he died of an apoplexy, January 14, 1735, aged fifty-four. Besides this history, which is his principal work, and has been continued by the fathers Fontenai, Brumoy, and Berthier, to 18 vols. 4to, he left a treatise "On Schism," 1718, 12mo; a "Dissertation on Miracles," 4to, and some other works, which all display great genius, and are written with much spirit, and in pure language. The first eight volumes of the "History of the Gallican Church," contain learned remarks on the religion of the ancient Gauls, on the ancient geography of Gaul, on the religion of the French, and on many other important subjects.1

LONGUS was an ancient Greek author, probably of the fifth century, who seems to have written after Heliodorus, and, in some places, to have imitated him.

called a sophist but we have no remains of his except four books of "Pastorals upon the Loves of Daphnis and Cloe." Huet speaks advantageously of this work, and had proposed, when he was young, to have made a translation of it; but he also takes notice of several defects in it, and, doubtless, its obscenities made him lay aside his purpose of translating it. None of the ancient writers mention Longus. There is a good edition of the original by Petrus Moll, a professor of the Greek language at Franeker, 1660, in 4to, but Villoison's, Gr. and Lat. Paris, 1778, 2 vols. 8vo, is the best. It was translated into English by George Thorney, and printed at London in 1657. The last edition of the English version, of which there have been four, is inscribed to James Craggs, esq. secretary of state. French, with whom this work has always been a favourite, have many translations of it. That by Amyot has passed through many editions; the most elegant of which is that of 1718, 12mo, with 29 plates, drawn by the regent, Philip duke of Orleans, and engraved by Benoît Audran; the 29th is not his engraving, and is seldom found in the edition of 1718, the reason of which, some say, was, that only

Moreri.-Dict. Hist.

The

250 copies were taken, which the prince disposed of as presents; but Brunet thinks it is too common for so small an impression. Next to this edition, that of 1745, 8vo, is preferred, with the same plates retouched.1

LORENZINI, or LAURENTINI (FRANCIS MARIA), an eminent Italian poet, was born at Rome, Oct. 12, 1680. He was in his twenty-second year received into the society of the Jesuits, among whom he had been educated, but owing to bad health, was obliged to quit them, and after much consideration, and a conflict with his taste, which was decidedly for polite literature, he studied and practised the law for some time, until his inclination for more favourite studies returning, he entered, in 1705, into the academy of the Arcadi, the chief object of which was the reformation of the bad taste which had infected Italian poetry. He is said to have excelled in melo-dramas, or pieces on religious subjects, adapted to being sung, written in the Latin language; and has been denominated the Michael Angelo of Italian poets, on account of the boldness and energy of his expressions. In 1728, on the death of Crescembini, he was chosen president of the academy, and besides founding five academical colonies in the neighbouring towns, instituted a private weekly meeting of the Arcadi, at which the plays of Plautus or Terence, in the original language, were performed by youths trained for the purpose. But the want of a regular profession, and his constant attendance to these pursuits, often deranged his finances; and he appears not to have acquired permanent patronage until cardinal Borghese enrolled him among his noble domestics, and paid him liberally. In 1741, he took up his residence in the Borghese palace, where he died in June 1743. His Italian poems, which are much admired, have been printed at Milan, Venice, Florence, Naples, &c. and in many of the collections. His Latin "Sacred Dramas" were separately published at Rome; and his other Latin poetry, among those of the academicians of the Arcadi.

LORIT (HENRY), commonly called Glareanus, from Glaris, a town in Switzerland, where he was born in 1488, was educated at Cologne, Basil, and Paris, and in the course of his studies acquired the friendship of some eminent scholars, particularly Erasmus. He had a strong turn to music, and made it a great part of his study. After

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2 Fabroni Vitæ Italorum.

12.

having contributed to the advancement of letters, both by discourse and writing, he died in 1563, aged seventy-five. He composed the following works: 1. "Isagoge in Arithmeticam." 2. "Descriptio de Situ Helvetia & vicinis Gentibus," 3. "De quatuor Helvetiorum Fœdere Panegyricon." 4. "Isagoge in Musicam." Isagoge in Musicam." 5. "De Geographia Liber." 6. "Judicium in Terentii Carmina." 7. "In Horatium Annotationes." 8. "Annotationes in Ovidii Metamorphoses." 9. "Annotationes in Ciceronis Librum de Senectute." 10. "Annotationes in Sallustii, quæ adhuc extant, Historiarum Fragmenta.' 11. "Commentarius in Arithmeticam & Musicam Boethii." "Annotationes in Johannis Cæsarii Dialecticam." tationes in Cæsaris Commentaria.” Titum Livium." 15. "Annotationes & Chronologia in totam Historiam Romanam.” 16. "Annotationes in Dionysium Halicarnasseum." 17. "Elegiarum Libri duo." 18. "De Arte Musica." 19. "De Ponderibus ac Mensuris.” 20. "Annotationes in Valerium, Suetonium, & Lucanum." 21. "Annotationes in Eutropium." 22. "Epistola ad Johannem Hervagium." 23. Scholia in Ælii Donati Methodum." 24." Brevis Isagoge de Ratione Syllabarum & de Figuris quibus Poetæ utuntur." "6 De Asse Libellus." i

13. "Anno

14. “Annotationes in

25.

LORME (PHILIBERT DE), master of the works to the French king, was born at Lyons about the beginning of the sixteenth century. At fourteen, he went into Italy, to study the beauties of antiquity. There he became acquainted with Cervius, afterwards pope Marcellus II. who had a good taste for the polite arts, and, conceiving a great esteem for Lorme, communicated to him every thing that he knew. Enriched with the spoils of antiquity, he returned to Lyons in 1536, and banished thence the Gothic taste. At length, going to Paris, to work for the cardinal de Bellay, he was soon employed in the court of Henry II. He made the Horse-shoe, a fortification at Fontainbleau, built the stately chateau of Anet and Meudon; the palace of the Thuilleries, and repaired and ornamented several of the royal houses, as Villiers, Colerets, St. Germain then called the castle of the Muette, the Louvre, &c. These services were recompensed above his expectations. He was made almoner and counsellor to the king, and had

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the abbies of St. Eloy and St. Serge of Angers conferred upon him.

Ronsard, the poet, out of envy, published a satire, or satirical sonnet, against him, under the title of "La Truelle crossée," the Trowel crosier'd. De Lorme revenged himself, by causing the garden-door of the Thuilleries, of which he was governor, to be shut against the poet; and Ronsard, with a pencil, wrote upon the gate these three words: "Fort. reverent. habe." De Lorme, who understood little Latin, complained of this inscription, as levelled at him, to queen Catharine de Medicis, who, inquiring into the matter, was told by Ronsard, that, by a harmless irony, he had made that inscription for the architect when read in French; but that it suited him still better in Latin, these being the first words abbreviated of a Latin epigram of Ausonius, which begins thus: "Fortunam reverenter habe." Ronsard added that he only meant that De Lorme should reflect on his primitive grovelling fortune, and not to shut the gate against the Muses. De Lorme died in 1557; leaving several books of architecture, greatly esteemed. These are, 1. "Nouvelles Inventions pour bien bastir & à petit frais," Paris, 1561, folio, fifty-seven leaves. 2." Ten Books of Architecture," 1568, folio.'

LORRAIN (ROBERT LE), an eminent sculptor, was born at Paris in November 1666. From his infancy he made so rapid a progress in the art of designing, that, at eighteen, the celebrated Girardon intrusted him with the care of teaching his children, and of correcting the designs of his disciples. He committed to him also, in conjunction with Noulisson, the execution of the famous tomb of cardinal Richelieu in the Sorbonne, and of his own tomb at St. Landres, in Paris. On his return from Rome, he finished several pieces at Marseilles, which had been left imperfect by the death of M. Puget. He was received into the academy of sculpture, Oct. 1701, when he composed his Galatea for his chef d'oeuvre, a work universally esteemed. Lorrain afterwards made a Bacchus for the gardens at Versailles, a fawn for those at Marli, and several bronzes; among others, an Andromeda, &c. The academy elected him professor May 29, 1717; and he died their governor Jane 1, 1743, aged 77.

The pieces in the episcopal palace of Saverne, which

1 Gen. Dict.-Moreri.