cite the cupidity of certain knavish booksellers, who now began to issue spurious editions, as we learn from the following statement printed on the back of the portrait-frontis piece prefixed to the fourth genuine edition :

"Advertisement from the Bookseller. The Pilgrim's Progress, having sold several Impressions, and with good Acceptation among the People (there are some malicious men of our profession of lewd principles, hating honesty, and Coveting other men's rights, and which we call Land Pirates, one of this society is called Thomas Bradyll a Printer, who I found Actually Printing my book for himself, and five more of his Confederates,) but in truth he hath so abominably and basely falcified the true Copie, and changed the Notes, that ey have abused the Author in the sense, and the Proprietor of his right, (and if it doth steal abroad, they put a cheat upon the people.) You may distinguish it thus, The Notes are Printed in Long Primer, a base old letter almost worn out, hardly to be read, and such is the Book itself. Whereas the true Copie is Printed in a Leigable fair Character, and Brevier Notes as it alwaies has been, this Fourth Edition hath, as the third had, The Author's Picture before the Title, and hath more then 22 passages of Additions, pertinently placed quite thorow the Book, which the Counterfeit hath not. N. Ponder.”

The fifth edition," with additions," was also published in 1680. In addition to the portrait it contained a whole-page wood-cut of the martyrdom of Faithful, with four lines of verse beneath. This was the first edition that contained any illustration besides the portrait. On the back of the fron. tispiece was the following advertisement announcing the publication of several additional illustrations engraved on copper, which were sold separately, for one shilling.

"The Pilgrim's Progress having found good acceptation among the people, to the carrying off the fourth impression, which had many additions more than any preceding: and the publisher, observing that many persons desired to have it illustrated with Pictures, hath endeavoured to gratifie them therein: and besides those that are ordinarily printed to this fifth impression, hath provided Thirteen copper-cuts, curiously engraven, for such as desire them.”

The eighth edition, published in 1682, contained a por trait similar to the preceding ones, but not so well executed ,

also wood-cuts of Faithful's martyrdom, the Castle of Giant Despair, and the Pilgrims carried upon clouds to the Celes tial City, with verses beneath each cut. No additions were made to the work after this, though the words, "with additions," were continued on the title-page for several years. The tenth edition, published in 1685, is advertised in Dunton's Catalogue for that year at one shilling. In this edition the cut of Doubting Castle is omitted; and the au. thor's name is spelled BVNIAN in the title-page. On the back of the title is an advertisement of the Second Part of the Pilgrim's Progress, price also one shilling, published in the preceding year.

In 1692 appeared the thirteenth edition, containing fourteen new wood-cuts, rude enough both in design and execution, though superior to the former ones. They were probably most of them copied from the "coppercuts," published in 1680.

To each of these cuts in the old editions were attached four lines of indifferent but characteristic verse, which were retained as established parts of the pictures so long as the original designs were copied and republished, which they continued to be for more than a century; as we have seen them all in an edition not more than fifty years old. These verses having no connection with the narrative, except as appendages to the cuts by which it was illustrated, they are rarely found in modern editions; but as it was our desire to include all that Bunyan published as a part of the work, we have added them in those cases where we have given cuts of the subjects to which they refer; the remainder, with a list of the old illustrations, will be found below.

The first cut represented Evangelist meeting Christian, having in his hand a scroll, with the words, "Fly from the wrath to come." The verse will be found on p. 48.

The second represents Evangelist meeting Christian when the latter, having gone out of the way by advice of Mr.

Worldly-Wiseman, is alarmed lest Mount Sinai should fall on his head.

When Christians unto carnal men give ear,
Out of their way they go, and pay for't dear:
For Master Worldly-Wiseman can but show
A saint the way to bondage and to woe.

The third cut represents Christian knocking at the Wicket-gate. See p. 70.

The fourth represents him arrayed in the fine robe given him by the "shining ones." His burden is falling into the sepulchre, and his old rags are lying about; but strangely enough, no cross is to be seen.

Who's this? The Pilgrim. How! 'tis very true,
Old things are past away; all's become new.
Strange! he's another man, upon my word:

They be fine feathers that make a fine bird.

In the fifth cut, Christian is sitting in the arbour on the top of the Hill Difficulty; beneath are Formalist and Hy pocrisy losing their way, to whom the lines refer:

Shall they who wrong begin, yet rightly end?
Shall they at all have safety for their friend?
No, no; in headstrong manner they set out,
And headlong will they fall at last, no doubt.

The sixth represents him passing the lions after ascending the hill.

Difficulty is behind, Fear is before;

Tho' he's got on the hill, the lions roar.

A Christian man is never long at ease,

When one fright's gone, another doth him seize.

In the seventh cut Christian, clad in armour, is descend. ing from the palace into the Valley of Humiliation. The verse under it is a repetition of one in the text. See p. 118.

The eighth represents Christian's battle with Apollyon.

A more unequal match can hardly be;
Christian must fight an angel; but you see

The valiant man, by handling sword and shield,
Doth make him, tho' a dragon, quit the field.

In the ninth he is seen passing the Valley of the Shadow of Death. See page 126.

The subject of the tenth cut is the trial of Faithful before Lord Hategood.

Now Faithful play the man, speak for thy God;
Fear not the wicked's malice nor their rod:
Speak boldly man, the truth is on thy side,

Die for it, and to death in triumph ride.

Under the eleventh cut, which represents Faithful being burnt at the stake, and also ascending to heaven in a cha riot of flame, are these lines:

Brave Faithful! bravely done in word and deed.
Judge, witnesses, and jury, have, instead

Of overcoming thee, but shown their rage;

When they are dead thoul't live from age to age.

In the twelfth picture Christian and Hopeful are seen shut up in Doubting Castle, while the Giant is keeping watch before the door with a club in his hand.

and the lines are given on the next page.

The cut

The thirteenth cut represents the shepherds entertaining the pilgrims on the Delectable Mountains.

Mountains Delectable they now ascend,

Where shepherds be, which to them do commend
Alluring things, and things that cautions are;

Pilgrims are steady kept by faith and fear.

In the fourteenth, and last, we see Christian and Hopeful passing the River of Death, with two angels standing on the shore to receive them.

Now, now, look how the holy pilgrims ride,

Clouds are their chariots, angels are their guide!

Who would not here for Him all hazards run

That thus provides for his when this world's done?

The original cut, to which these lines were adapted, represented the pilgrims ascending on a cloud to the Celestial City.

As a specimen of the grotesque and barbarous style, in which the artists of Bunyan's own day were wont to illus.

The Pilgrims now, to gratifie the Flesh, Will seek its case: but Oh! how they afresh Do thereby plunge themselves new griefs into! Who seek to please the Flesh, themselves undo.