trate his matchless parable, we give on the opposite page a fac-simile of one of the cuts in the edition of 1682.

The preceding notice will be understood to refer only to the First Part of Bunyan's allegory. The success of that and other works of our author gave rise to a host of imita~ tions and impositions. In allusion to these he says, in the ntroduction to his Second Part,

-"Some have of late, to counterfeit

My Pilgrim, to their own my title set;

Yea, others, half my name, and title too,

Have stitched to their books to make them do."

It was not uncommon in those days for authors to put their initials only in the titles of their books, and the fraud alluded to in the third line consisted in putting Bunyan's initials to books which he did not write, in order to impose them on the public as his. Bunyan's publisher makes a similar complaint in an advertisement to one of his tracts; he says, “This author having published many books which have gone off very well, there are certain ballad-sellers about Newgate and London Bridge, who have put the two first letters of this author's name and his effigies to their rhymes and ridiculous books, suggesting to the world as if they were his.* Now know, that this author publisheth his name at large to all his books, and what you shall see otherwise he disowns."

* The following is a specimen of this species of fraud: "The Saints' Triumph; or the Glory of the Saints with Jesus Christ. By B. Printed by J. Millett for J. Blaze, at the Looking-Glass on London Bridge. 1688." The title contained also a rude wood-cut portrait of Bunyan, which, with the initial, B, occasioned the work to be ascribed to him. In this or some similar way several other books were imposed upon the world as the works of Bunyan, and so successfully that two of Chem-Heart's Ease in Heart's Troubles, and The World to Come: or Visions of Heaven and Hell-have even been reprinted as his, both in England and in this country, within the last five years; yet no person at all acquainted with the style of our author could fall to detect the imposture by reading a single page.

In the lines which conclude the First Part, Bunyan had suggested the probability of his dreaming "yet another dream;" and this it was, probably, that led some of these knavish book-makers and sellers to "counterfeit the Pilgrim and his name," and thus palm off their own trash as the genuine productions of the Dreamer himself. Of these dishonest imitations, Dr. Southey says, "Only one of them has fallen in my way, for it is by accident only that books of this perishable kind, which have no merit of their own to preserve them, are to be met with: and this, though entitled The Second Part of the Pilgrim's Progress,' has no other relation to the First than its title, which was probably a trick of the publishers. These interlopers may very likely have given Bunyan an additional inducement to prepare a Second Part himself."

The genuine Second Part of the Pilgrim-" wherein is set forth, the manner of the setting out of Christian's wife and children, their dangerous journey, and safe arrival at the desired country”—was published in 1684. On the back of the title-page was the following notice: "I appoint Mr. Nathaniel Ponder, but no other, to print this book, John Bunyan, January 1, 1684." It was a volume of two hundred and twenty-four pages, and contained, in the way of illustration, besides the frontispiece described in the note on page 15, another engraving by the same artist representing the demolition of Doubting Castle, with the usual verse beneath. (See page 428.) Dr. Southey tells us that "no additions or alterations were made in this part, although the author lived more than four years after its publication." It reached a sixth edition in 1693.

The two parts of Bunyan's allegory, which were originally published and for many years continued as separate, distinct volumes, have now for probably a century been uniformly printed as one book. The thirtieth edition, published in 1750, must certainly have contained both parts, being

an 8vo. volume. It was "Printed for W. Johnstone in Ludgate street;" and "adorned with curious sculptures by J. Sturt." These "sculptures " are said to be truly "curious," perspective being entirely discarded throughout all of them, and the figures clad in grotesque dresses, and placed in strangely contorted positions. In most, probably all, of the old editions the headings of the pages throughout are in Black Letter, and the marginal references and notes, which are very numerous, in italic, as are also all the proper names, quotations from Scripture, and poetry, giving the volume a very singular appearance.

As editions multiplied, and the book, increasing in fame and circulation, gradually worked its way from the more humble to what are called the higher classes of society, an improvement in its typographical and mechanical execution, and in the style of its illustration, followed as a matter of course. An edition was published in 1796 (by T. Heptinstall of Fleet Street) which not only exceeded all that went before, but also those which followed it for some years. It is a handsome royal 8vo. volume, printed on fine paper with an ample margin, and embellished with a portrait and eight very superior copper-plate engravings, some of them from the elegant designs of the late T. Stothard, R. A. At the close is a "Key" to the work, occupying thirty-two pages. Within the last few years, however, many handsomer and much more richly illustrated editions have issued from the London press, which have been the means of introducing the work "among classes of persons who a century ago would not have touched it without perfumed gloves, lest they should be soiled by vulgarity or bitten by Puritanism.”

The astonishing spread of the English language has carried Bunyan's Pilgrim with it, and made it a household book in every quarter of the globe. But its progress and usefulness have not been confined within the limits of its author's native tongue. Even before the publication of the Second

Part, the First had not only acquired an extensive circulation in Great Britain, and in the colony of New-England, (whither it was carried by Puritan emigrants,) but had also been translated into French, Dutch, Irish, and Gaelic, a fact to which the author refers with a feeling of honest gratification in the introduction to the Second Part. (Page 277.) A Dutch edition was printed at " Utrecht by Jan van Paddenburgh, 1684," with wood-cut illustrations far superior both in design and execution to those in any of the early English editions. It was very soon (before 1691) translated into the Welsh language, "and established itself as second in estimation to the Holy Scriptures throughout the principality."

"Bunyan could little have supposed that his book would ever be adapted for sale among the Romanists. Whether this was done in the earliest French translation I do not know; but in the second there is no Giant Pope. This contains only the First Part, but promises the Second, should it be well received. The First Part, under the title of le Pelerinage d'un nommé Chretien, forms one of the volumes of the Petite Bibliotheque du Catholique, and bears in the title-page a glorified head of the Virgin. A Portuguese translation, (of the First Part only,) in like manner cut down to the opinions of the public for which it was de. signed, was published in 1782."-Southey. It is said that a copy of the Pilgrim in elegant binding is preserved in the Vatican at Rome.-Ivimey.

Not only has the Pilgrim been rendered into almost every European tongue, but it has also found its way into lands of which perhaps its author never heard, whose inhabitants can now read in their own tongue the story of "his setting out, his dangerous journey, and safe arrival at the desired country." It has been translated into the modern Greek, Armenian, Arabic, Tamul, Malay, Burmese, Malagassy, (or the language of Madagascar,) and even into Chinese.

More recently it has had the honor of being rendered into Hebrew, for the benefit of the Jew, for whom it must possess a peculiar charm for its numerous citations out of those original Scriptures, with which he has been familiar from childhood; and it will be read with even greater delight by that growing population of Hebrew Christians, (as yet unassociated to any great extent,) for whom a literature is becoming absolutely necessary.-Jewish Chronicle.

6

We cannot ascertain when the Pilgrim's Progress was first reprinted in this country. Charles Doe, writing in 1691, only three years after Bunyan's death, tells us it had then been printed in New-England.* A writer in the Christian Review, (vol. iv, p. 418,) says, "The earliest American edition we have seen is the sixteenth. It was Printed by JOHN DRAPER for CHARLES HARRISON over against the Brazen Head in Cornhil BosTON N. E. M,DCCXLIV.' It is adorned with wood-cuts, which, though rude, are expressive." A writer in the Boston Weekly Magazine says he has examined the seventeenth edition, printed and published in the same year by the same persons. He has also seen a copy of the fifty-seventh edition, dated only about twentyfive years later, and some time before the revolution.

THE allegory or parable was in ancient times a favourite mode of communicating instruction. And not without reason; for by it truth has often, before the individual was aware, effected a lodgment in the heart which pride, prejudice, or self-interest had fortified against every kind of direct assault. It is also a source of pleasure, in the exercise it gives to the mind in discovering its meaning, and tracing out the resemblance between the sign and the thing signified; so that it affords entertainment and instruction at the same time. Our blessed Lord often adopted this method of teaching; and his parables "obtained a hearing

* He says, it "hath been printed in France, Holland, New-England, and in Welsh; and about a hundred thousand in England.”