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is written, I believed, and therefore have I spoken; we also believe, and therefore speak."20 "Then will I teach transgressors thy ways; and sinners shall be converted unto thee." 21 By taking the Covenant of God publicly in their mouth, his people in measure fulfil the Redeemer's mandate," Have salt in yourselves, and have peace one with another;" and the corresponding duty," Let your speech be alway with grace, seasoned with salt." 23 It is a serious mark of a Church's imperfection for it to recognise only implicitly or virtually its covenant obligations. The greater the living energy that inhabits the society, the more regard its obligations receive.

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Finally. How dreadful is the condition of those who are not in covenant with God! It is degraded. Man was in covenant with God at first. With all accepted moral beings, and these alone, He deals by way of covenant. Thus, after some manner, he dealt with angels in glory. Thus he dealt with man unfallen. Thus he deals with sinners redeemed. For sustaining the dignity of a covenant relation to him, inanimate and unintelligent creation are not adapted; but for not standing in that, they are not dishonoured. Angels in light, acquiescing in God's law, were at least virtually in covenant with him. Some of them proudly sinned, and fell from their high confederation. They took counsel together thereafter, but it was against the Lord. In hell they appear his foes combined in everlasting league against him, but delivered over forever to the terrors of his wrath. To their case alone, that of the wicked even on earth can be compared. But the case of rebellious sinners here, is, if possible, more revolting. Sinners under condemnation receive outward good here, designed to lead them to repentance. All the good diffused around, comes 20 2 Cor. iv. 13. 21 Ps. li. 13. 22 Mark ix. 50. 23 Col. iv. 6.

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through the arrangements of a gracious covenant. They receive temporal good themselves indirectly from a covenant on which they will not take hold. They despise the word of him who ordained that good the most extensive should come to sinners through that covenant. Their degradation is extreme. Attempting to go in opposition to all the arrangements of the Most High, and yet kept in the enjoyment of some good, and in the prospect of the greatest, they are an anomaly in the universe. They confederate with one another, but against God. They will not take Him into their counsels. They are, therefore, destitute of his favour, and of all the honour of co-operating with him. The change to which, by sin, they subjected themselves, is more humbling than that produced on any other class of creatures, even on fallen angels themselves; for these resist not offers of mercy. The inanimate creation responds to God's command. He enjoins, and it obeys. There the Divine mandate has the sure counterpart of obedience. In the world of unfallen intelligences, the word of the Lord is fulfilled willingly by all. In the world of perdition, however, it is set at nought. But on earth, where benefits are dispensed, it is spurned by the wicked also. The twofold curse of a broken law and covenant pursues sinners, yet they are invited to escape it ; but they will not submit. A covenant of life and peace is made known. Its blessings great and precious are freely offered to them. Yet they cherish the enmity of their hearts against God, and they will not yield. With no sinless creature of God have they communion. They are voluntarily alone in the universe, at war with all God's creatures, and lowest among them. They are most unworthy. Every arrangement of his providence tends to restore them to his favour. Neglecting the duty of Covenanting, they set all

these at nought. The beasts that perish are not degraded, but these are. They are worthy to be ranked with apostate angels. In the rage of their rebellion, they are bent on enduring all the terrors of a broken law and covenant in the place of final woe. Let not sinners persevere in their obstinacy. Even yet, there is good largely offered to them, which, if they accept it, they will abundantly re

ceive.

CHAPTER VIII.

COVENANTING ACCORDING TO THE PURPOSES

OF GOD.

SINCE every revealed purpose of God, implying that obedience to his law will be given, is a demand of that obedience, the announcement of his Covenant, as in his sovereignty decreed, claims, not less effectively than an explicit law, the fulfilment of its duties. A representation of a system of things pre-determined in order that the obligations of the Covenant might be discharged; various exhibitions of the Covenant as ordained; and a description of the children of the Covenant as predestinated to peculiar privileges and services, make that announcement; and consequently, preferring the claim of submission to covenant requirements, urge, not less than to the others of these requisitions, a dutiful regard to the exercise of solemn Covenanting.

Many things in creation and providence were appointed for this, as well as for other ends, that men might make and fulfil solemn vows to God. The work of creation itself is cited to lead men to acts of religious homage. "The Lord is a great God, and a great King above all gods. In his hand are the deep places of the earth; the strength of the hills is his also. The sea is his, and he madeit; and his hands formed the dry land. O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the Lord our Maker. For he is our God; and we are the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand." 1 The work of creation was performed,

Ps. xcv. 3-7.

that on earth a people might be sustained to serve the Lord."They shall be ashamed, and also confounded, all of them: they shall go to confusion together that are makers of idols. But Israel shall be saved in the Lord with an everlasting salvation ye shall not be ashamed nor confounded world without end. For thus saith the Lord that created the heavens, God himself that formed the earth, and made it; he hath established it, he cre

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ated it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited; I
am the Lord, and there is none else." In anticipa-
tion of bestowing good on his people, even during
their continuance on earth, the Surety of sinners,
when the creation of all things was decreed, re-
joiced. "The Lord possessed me in the beginning
of his way, before his works of old. I was set up
from everlasting, from the beginning, or ever the
earth was." "When he prepared the heavens, I was
there when he set a compass upon the face of the
depth: when he established the clouds above: when
he strengthened the fountains of the deep: when he
gave to the sea his decree, that the waters should not
pass his commandment: when he appointed the foun-
dations of the earth: then I was by him, as one
brought up with him; and I was daily his delight,
rejoicing always before him; rejoicing in the habi-
table part of his earth; and my delights were with
the sons of men.' "3
Hence of them as the heirs of
a comprehensive Covenant blessing, it is said in
language in substance not unfrequently occurring,
"The meek shall inherit the earth, and shall de-
light themselves in the abundance of peace."
God's covenant with every living creature, re-
vealed to Noah, was an appointment to confer the
means of life on men in order to the attainment of
the end of their creation. Other arrangements,
conducive to the same object, are thus described,

2 Is. xlv. 16-18. 3 Prov. viii. 22, 23. 27—31.
4 Ps. xxxvii. 11.

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