ARTIMOMANTICO, a metallic compound invented by a gentleman at Leghorn. It is of the same weight as gold of eighteen carats, and can be made like that of twenty-four. Buttons are manufactured from it at Bologna, and sold for 50 cents the dozen. Artimomantico is soft and bends, and derives its superiority over other gold-coloured metals, from its not tarnishing. ARTISCUS; from aprog, bread; in medicine, denotes a troche, more particularly that prepared with vipers' flesh mixed up with bread, to be used in the composition of Venice treacle.

ARTIST. See ART.

AB ARTIST has more correctly been defined one who practises any of the liberal arts as a profession, in distinction from the artisan who mixes them with trade and commerce. The builder, it is said, should not be called an architect, nor should the sign-painter, the figurecaster, or plasterer, the chair-sulptor, commonly called cabinet-maker, the paper-hanger, or wall-decorator, be called artists, because their employments do not consist in the exercise o the higher faculties of the mind, but in practising lower departments of art, or in executing the thoughts and designs of others.

ARTIZOOS; from aprɩ short, and wn, life; is used by some ancient physicians for an infant short-lived by reason of a difficult birth.

ARTOBRIGA, an ancient town of Vindelicia, now called Altzburg, in Bavaria, on the Danube, below Ingolstadt, according to Aventinus; but Cluverius supposes it to be Labenau on the Saltzbach, below Lauffen, in the archbishopric of Saltsburg.

ARTOCARPUS; from aprog, bread, and aprog, fruit; the bread-fruit tree; a genus of the monandria order and monœcia class; natural order, urticæ. It has a cylindric amentum, thickens gradually, and is covered with flowers: the male and female in a different amentum. In the male, CAL. none; COR. bivalved. In the female no calyx nor corolla; stylus, one, and the drupa is many celled. The species are, artocarpus incisa, sitodium incisum, radermachia incisa, soccus lanosus, seu granosus, in French le rima, ou fruit à pain, bread-fruit tree, native of the Molucca Islands. Artocarpus integrifolia, sitodium macrocarpon, seu cauliflorum, radermachia integra, soccus arboreus, seu tojacca-marum Indica, Indian jaca tree, a shrub, native of the East Indies. Artocarpus Philippensis, a shrub, ative of the Phillippine Islands. Artocarpus pubescens, ansjeli, seu castania malabarica, a shrub, native of Malabar. Though this tree has been mentioned by many voyagers, particularly by Dampier, Rumphius, and Lord Anson, yet very little notice seems to have been taken of it till the return of Captain Wallis from the South Seas. Dampier states that in Guam, one of the Ladrone islands, there is a certain fruit called the bread-fruit, growing on a tree as big as our large apple-trees, with dark leaves. It is round, and grows on the boughs like apples, of the bigness of a good penny loaf: when ripe it turns yellow, soft, and sweet, but the natives take it green, and bake it in an oven till the rind is black; this they scrape off and eat the inside,

which is soft and white, like the inside of newbaked bread, having neither seed nor stone; but if kept above twenty-four hours it is harsh. As this fruit is in season eight months in the year, the natives feed upon no other sort of bread during that time.' Rumphius says, the fruit is shaped like a heart, and increases to the size of a child's head. Its surface or rind is thick, green, and covered everywhere with warts of a quadragonal or hexagonal figure, like cut diamonds, but without points. The more flat and smooth these warts are the fewer seeds are contained in the fruit, and the greater is the quantity of pith, and that of a more glutinous nature. The internal part of the rind, or peel, consists of a fleshy substance, full of twisted fibres, which have the appearance of fine wool; these adhere to and in some measure form it. The fleshy part becomes softer towards the middle, where there is a small cavity formed without any nuts or seeds, except in one species which has but a small number, and this sort is not good unless it is baked or prepared some other way; but if the outward rind be taken off, and the fibrous flesh dried and afterwards boiled with meat as we do cabbage, it has then the taste of artichoke bottoms. The inhabitants of Amboyna dress it in the liquor of cocoa-nuts, but they prefer it roasted on coals till the outward part or peel is burnt. They afterwards cut it into pieces and eat it with the milk of the cocoa-nut. Some people make fritters of it, or fry it in oil; and others, as the Sumatrans, dry the internal soft part, and keep it to use, instead of bread, with other food. It affords a great deal of nourishment, and is very satisfying, therefore proper for hard-working people; and being of a gentle astringent quality is goodfor persons of a laxative habit of body. It is more nourishing boiled in our manner with fat meat, than roasted on coals. The milky juice which distils from the trunk, boiled with the cocoa-nut oil, makes a very strong bird-lime. This tree is to be found on the eastern parts of Sumatra, and in the Malay language is called Soccus and soccum capas. It grows likewise about the town of Bantam in Java, and in Balega and Madura.'

In 1791 a vessel was fitted out for the purpose of conveying a quantity of these inestinable trees to various parts of his majesty's colonies, under the command of Captain Bligh, who set sail on the 2d of August, and arrived at Otaheite April 8, 1792. The number of plants taken on board at Otaheite was 2634, in 1281 pots, tubs, and cases; and of these 1151 were bread-fruit trees. When they arrived at Coupang 200 plants were dead; but the rest were in good order. They arrived at St. Helena with 830 fine bread-fruit trees, besides other plants. Here they left some of them, and from hence the East Indies may be supplied with them. On their arrival at St. Vincent's they had 678 breadfruit trees. Nearly half this cargo was deposited here for the use of the Windward Islands; and the remainder, intended for the Leeward Islands, was conveyed to Jamaica, and distributed as the governor and council of Jamaica pleased to direct. The exact number of bread-fruit trees brought to Jamaica was 352, out of which five only were

and Portugal: they appear in the end of April or beginning of May. A. maculatum, or common wake-robin, grows naturally in woods and on shady banks in most parts of Britain: the flowers appear in April, and their structure has given rise to many disputes among the botanists. The receptacle is long, in the shape of a club, with the seed-buds surrounding its base. The chives are fixed to the receptacle amongst the seed-buds fixed to the fruit-stalk, and placed between two rows of tendrils, the use of which is not known. A. trilobatum, or arum of Ceylon, is a native of that island and some other parts of India. All the species of this plant are hardy, except the trilobatum and the arborescens. The former must be kept constantly in a stove, and the latter in a moderate hot-bed. The arborescens is propagated by cutting off the stalks into lengths of three or four joints, which must be left to dry six weeks or two months; for if the wounded part is not perfectly healed over before the cuttings are planted, they will rot and decay. They are then to be planted in small pots filled with light sandy earth, and plunged in a moderate hot-bed of tan, observing to let them have little water till they have taken good root. The roots of the maculatum and dracunculus are used in medicine, and differ in nothing but that the latter is somewhat stronger than the former. All the parts of the arum, particularly the root, have an extremely pungent acrimonious taste; but if dried and kept some time, it loses much of its acrimony, and becomes at length an almost insipid, farinaceous substance. This root is a powerful stimulant and attenuant. It is reckoned a medicine of great efficacy in some cachectic and chlorotic cases, in weakness of the stomach occasioned by a load of viscid phlegm. Great benefit has been obtained from it in rheumatic pains, in which it may be given from ten grains to a scruple of the fresh root twice or thrice a-day, made into a bolus or emulSion with unctuous and mucilaginous substances, which cover its pungency, and prevent its making any painful impression on the tongue. It generally excites a slight tingling sensation through the whole habit, and when the patient is kept warm in bed, produces a copious sweat. The arum was formerly an ingredient in an officinal preparation, the compound powder; but in that form its virtues are very precarious. Some recommend a tincture of it drawn with wine; but neither wine, water nor spirits, extract its virtues. ARUNCI, in entomology, a species of Cicada of a ferruginous color and brown eyes.

ARUNCO, in zoology, a species of rana, or toad, larger than the common frog, but of the same color. It is found in Chili. All the feet are palmated.

ARUNCUS, GREATER MEADOW-SWEET, in botany, a genus of plants, called by Tournefort and others barra capræ, and by Linnæus spiraa. This plant has been supposed to be of the same genus with the filipendula, but, by the examination of the flowers, they appear to be extremely different.

ARUNDA, a town of Hispania Bætica, on the Annas, or Guadiana, now said to be Ronda in Granada, on the confines of Andalusia. Long. 5° 40′ W., lat. 36° 26′ N.

ARUNDEL, an ancient borough and market town of Sussex, seated on the north-west side of the Arun, over which there is a bridge. It had a harbour in which a ship of 100 tons burden might ride; but the sea had ruined it so far, that in 1733 an act passed for repairing it, and for erecting new piers, locks, &c. The river is now navigable for vessels of 200 tons and upwards, and the navigation is carried on to the Thames by means of a canal. It abounds in mullet of a very fine quality. A considerable trade in bark is carried on here. Arundel sent two members to parliament from the reign of Edward I., since the passing of the reform bill it sends one. It is mentioned in the will of Alfred, who left the castle to his brother's son. It was formerly a place of great strength, and was besieged by Henry I., by whom it was taken after a gallant resistance from Bellesone de Montgomery earl of Arundel. The castle, which belonged to the family of Howard, was until lately in a mouldering condition; but completely repaired by the late Duke of Norfolk, at a great expense. A weekly market is held here on Thursday. Population 2700. Arundel is the premier earldom in England, belonging to the illustrious family of Norfolk; and is the only title in England that goes along with the lands. It is fifty-seven miles south-west by south of London, and ten east of Chichester.

ARUNDEL OIL, in the materia medica. At Bombay, Gambroon, and Surat in the East Indies, there grows a tree which bears a nut en closed in a rough husk, resembling the horse chestnut; and the kernel of the nut yields an oik by expression, which is of a purgative nature A tea-spoonful of it is reckoned a dose. The tree is called, the Arundel tree at Bombay and its oil the Arundel oil. Dr. Monro thinks it probable that this is the oil of the purging nuts mentioned in Dale's pharmacologia, and the palma Christi Indica of Tournefort.

ARUNDEL (Thomas), archbishop of Canter bury in the reigns of Richard II. Henry IV. and Henry V., the second son of Robert, and brother of Richard earl of Arundel, who was beheaded. In 1375, at twenty-two years of age, from being archdeacon of Taunton he was raised to the bishopric of Ely. He was a great benefactor to the church and palace of this see. In 1386 he was appointed lord chancellor of England, and in 1388 translated to the archiepiscopal see of York; and in 1396 to that of Canterbury, when he resigned the chancellorship. This was the first instance of the translation of an archbishop of York to the see of Canterbury. Scarcely was he fixed in this see, when he had a contest with the university of Oxford about the right of visitation. The affair was referred to king Richard, who determined it in favor of the archbishop. At his visitation in London he revived an old constitution, by which the inhabitants of the respective parishes were obliged to pay to their rector one half-penny in the pound out of the rent of their houses. In 1398 the house of commons impeached him, together with his brother the Earl of Arundel, and the Duke of Gloucester, of high treason. The archbishop was sentenced to be banished, and within forty days to depart the kingdom on pain of death. He