to themfelves, and the fure inheritance of their posterity.

This arduous task devolved on citizens felected by the people from knowledge of their wisdom, and confidence in their virtue. In this auguft affembly of fages and of patriots, Washington of courfe was found; and, as if acknowledged to be moft wife, where all were wife, with one voice, he was declared their chief. How well he merited this rare diftinction, how faithful were the labours of himself and his compatriots, the work of their hands, and our union, ftrength, and profperity, the fruits of that work, best atteft.

But to have effentially aided in prefenting to his country this confummation of her hopes, neither fatisfied the claims of his fellow-citi zens on his talents, nor thofe duties which the poffeffion of thofe talents impofed. Heaven had not infused into his mind fuch an uncommon fhare of its æthereal fpirit to remain unemployed, nor bestowed on him his genius unaccompanied with the correfponding duty of devoting it to the common good. To have framed a conftitution was fhewing only, with out realising, the general happiness. This great work remained to be done; and America, fted fast in her preference, with one voice fummoned her beloved Washington, unpractifed as he was in the duties of civil adminiftration, to execute this last act in the completion of the national felicity. Obedient to her call, he af fumed the high office with that felfdiftruft peculiar to his innate modefty, the conftant attendant of pre-eminent virtue. What was the burst of joy through our anxious land on this exhilarating event is known to us all. The aged, the young, the brave, the fair, rivalled each other in demonstrations of their gratitude and this high-wrought delightful fcene was heightened in its effect, by the fingular contest between the zeal of

the

X

beftowers, and the avoidance of the receiver of the honours beftowed.' Commencing his administration, what heart is not charmed with the recollection of the pure and wife principles announced by himself, as the bafis of his political life? He beft understood the indiffoluble union between virtue and happinefs, between duty and advantage, between the genuine maxims of an honeft and magnanimous policy, and the folid rewards of public prof perity and individual felicity; watching with an equal and comprehenfive eye over this great affemblage of communities and interefts, he laid the foundations of our national policy in the unerring immutable principles of morality, based on religion, exem plifying the pre-eminence of free government, by all the attributes which win the affections of its citizens, or command the refpect of the world.

O fortunatos nimium, fua fi bona norint !'

Leading through the complicated difficulties produced by previous obligations and conflicting interefts, feconded by fucceeding houfes of congrefs, enlightened and patriotic, he furmounted all original obstructions, and brightened the path of our national felicity.

The prefidential term expiring, his folicitude to exchange exaltation for humility returned, with a force increafed with increase of age; and he had prepared his farewell addrefs to his countrymen, proclaiming his intention, when the united interpofition of all around him, enforced by the eventful profpects of the epoch, produced a further facrifice of inclination to duty. The election of prefident followed; and Washington, by the unanimous vote of the nation, was called to refume the chief magiftracy; what a wonderful fixture of confidence! Which attracts most our admiration, a people fo correct, or a cix 2

tizen

tizen combining fuch an affemblage of talents, forbidding rivalry, and ftifling even envy itself? Such a nation ought to be happy, fuch a chief muft be for ever revered!

War, long menaced by the Indian tribes, now broke out; and the terrible conflict, deluging Europe with blood, began to fhed its baneful in fluence over our happy land. To the first, outstretching his invincible arms under the orders of the gallant Wayne, the American eagle foared triumphant through diftant forefts. Peace followed victory, and the melioration of the condition of the enemy followed peace. Godlike virtue, which uplifts even the fubdued favage!

To the fecond he oppofed himself. New and delicate was the conjuncture, and great was the ftake. Soon did his penetrating mind difcern and feize the only courfe, continuing to us all the felicity he enjoyed. He iflued his proclamation of neutrality. This index to his whole fubfequent conduct was fanctioned by the approbation of both houfes of congrefs, and by the approving voice of the people.

To this fublime policy he invio. lably adhered, unmoved by foreign intrusion, unshaken by domeftic turbulence,

Juftum et tenacem propofiti virum,
Non civium ardor prava jubentium,
Non vultus inftantis tyranni,
Mente quatit folida.'

Maintaining his pacific fyftem, at the expence of no duty, America, faithful to herself, and unitained in her honour, continued to enjoy the delights of peace, while afflicted Europe mourns in every quarter, under the accumulated miferies of an unexampled war; miferies in which our happy country must have shared, had not our pre-eminent Washington been as firm in council as he was brave in the field.

Pursuing ftedfaftly his courfe, he held fafe the public happiness, preventing foreign war, and quelling internal diforder, till the revolving period of a third election approached, when he executed his interrupted, but inextinguishable, defire of return. ing to the humble walks of private life.

The promulgation of his fixed refolution ftopped the anxions withes of an affectionate people from adding a third unanimous teftimonial of their unabated confidence in the man fo long enthroned in their hearts. When, before, was affection like this exhibited on earth? Turn over the records of ancient Greece; review the annals of mighty Rome-examine the volumes of modern Europe-you fearch in vain-America and her Washington only afford the dignified exemplification.

The illuftrious perfonage, called by the national voice in fucceffion to the arduous office of guiding a free people, had new difficulties to encounter: the amicable effort of fettling our difficulties with France, begun by Washington, and purfued by his fucceffor in virtue as in ftation, proving abortive, America took measures of felf-defence. No fooner was the public mind roufed by profpect of danger, than every eye was turned to the friend of all, though fecluded from public view, and grey in public fervice: the virtuous veteran, following his plough*, received the unexpected fummons with mingled emotions of indignation at the unmerited ill-treatment of his country, and a determination once more to rifk his all in her defence,

The annunciation of thefe feelings, in his affecting letter to the prefident accepting the command of the army, concludes his official conduct.

Firft in war-firft in peace-and firft in the hearts et his countrymen,

he

he was fecond to none in the humble and endearing scenes of private life; pious, juft, humane, temperate, and fincere; uniform, dignified, and commanding; his example was as edify. ing to all around him as were the effects of that example lafting.

To his equals he was condefcending, to his inferiors kind, and to the dear object of his affections exemplary tender; correct throughout, vice huddered in his prefence, and virtue always felt his foftering hand; the purity of his private character gave effulgence to his public virtues.

His laft fcene comported with the whole tenor of his life. Although in extreme pain, not a figh, not a groan escaped him; and with undisturbed ferenity he closed his well-fpent life. Such was the man America has loftSuch was the man for whom our na tion mourns s!

Methinks I fee his auguft image, and hear falling from his venerable lips thefe deep-finking words:

Ceafe, fons of America, lamenting our feparation! go on, and con firm, by your wildom, the fruits of our joint councils, joint efforts, and common dangers; reverence religion, diffufe knowledge throughout your land, patronife the arts and fciences; let liberty and order be infeparable companions; controul party spirit, the bane of free governments; obferve good faith to, and cultivate peace with, all nations; fhut up every avenue to foreign influence, contract rather than extend national connec tion; rely on yourselves only: be Americanin thought, word, and deed.Thus will you give immortality to that union, which was the constant object of my terreftrial labours; thus will you preserve undisturbed to the lateft pofterity, the felicity of a people to me moft dear; and thus will you fupply (if my happiness is now aught to you) the only vacancy in the round of pure blifs high Heaven beflows.'

"TO the account of Governor Holwell, in our laft, (p. 272.) we fhall add the following particulars, which are omitted in it.

Mr Holwell caufed to be erected at Calcutta a monument to the memory of the fufferers in the Black Hole prifon, on which were the following infcriptions:

On the Front of the Monument. "To the memory of Edward Eyre, William Baillie, Efqrs. the Rev. Jarvas Bellamy, Meffrs. Jenks, Reeveley, Law, Coates, Nalicourt, Jebb, Torriano, E. Page, S. Page, Grubb, Street, Harod, P. Johnstone, Ballard, N. Drake, Carfe, Knapton, Gosling, Dod, Dalrymple, Captains Clayton, Buchanan, Witherington, Lieutenants Bishop, Hays, Blagg, Simpfon, J. Bellamy, Enfigns Paccard, Scott, Haftings, C. Wedder

burn, Dumbleton, Sea Captains Hunt, Ofburn, Purnell, Mers. Carey, Leech, Stevenfon, Guy, Porter, Parker, Caulker, Bendol, Atkinson, who, with fundry other inhabitants, military, and militia, to the number of 123 perfons, were, by the tyrannic violence of Surajud Dowla, Suba of Bengal, fuffocated in the Black Hole prifon of Fort William in the night of the 20th day of June 1756, and promifcuously thrown the fucceeding morning into the ditch of the ravelin of this place. This monument is erected by their furviving fellow-fufferer J. Z. HOLWELL."

On the Reverfe of the Monument. "This horrid act of violence was as amply as defervedly revenged on Surajud Dowla, by his Majefty's arms, under the conduct of Vice Admiral Watfon and Colonel Clive, 1757"

Mr

Mr Holwell, by his long refidence in the East Indies, had acquired a favourable opinion of fome of the doctrines of the Gentoo religion. The third part of his interefting Historical Events being taken up with difquifitions on the angelic fall, and the doc trine of the Metempfychofis; the one the crime, the other the punishment, In this differtation he combats his opponents with great vigour, and maintains, "That the fouls or fpirits of every human or other organized mortal body, inhabiting this globe and all the regions of the material univerfe, are precifely the remainder of the unpurified angels, who fell from their obedience in heaven, and that still stand out in contempt of their Creator ;" and this doctrine he continued to affert many years after wards in “Differtations on the Origin, Nature, and Purfuits of Intelligent Beings; and on Divine Provi

dence, Religion, and Religious Warfhip: in the course of which, the honour and dignity of the Supreme Being is vindicated from the abfurd if not impious fappofition, that by a particular or partial Providence he interferes, inuflences, and directs the thoughts and determinations of individuals, and the political government, changes, and events of ftates and kingdoms. To which is added, a neceffary and most equitable fuggeftion and plan for the relief of the prefent exigencies of the state, the burdens of the people, and a more hon ourable mode for fupporting the Clergy. Alfo an effential sketch for a more rational form of worship, and a new liturgy," 8vo. 1786. He was alfo the author of "A New Experiment for Prevention of Crimes, addreffed to the serious confideration of the Legiflatures of Great Britain and Ireland," 8vo. 1786.

MR R BARRINGTON is the fourth fon of the first Lord Barrington, and was educated at a private school in the neighbourhood of Hoxton, where he had the celebrated traveller Mr Bruce for his fchoolfellow. He afterwards went to Oxford, at which Univerfity, in the year 1746, fome of his earlieft writings are dated*. We do not find that he took any degree at Oxford. From the University he removed to the Inner Temple, and was called to the Bar. On the 24th of May 1751, he was appointed Marshall of the High Court of Admiralty in England, which he refigned in July 1753 on being named Secretary to Greenwich H fpital. In March 1763 he was appointed Recorder to Bristol, on the refignation of Sir Michael Fofter; but this office he held but a fort time. In 1764 he was pro

moted to the dignity of a Judge of Caernarvonshire, Anglefea, and Merionethshire, which he exchanged on 1778 for the Chief Jufticeship of Chefter, Montgomery, Flint, and Denbighshire. This laft preferment he held until the year 1788, when, feeling the duties of the office no longer agreeable to him to execute, he refigned his poft in the most hon. ourable manner, without any penfion or ftipulation whatever.

It has been the failing of most Lawyers to fuffer the practice of the profeffion to fwallow up every other liberal purfuit, and to obliterate every trace of polite literature. This obfervation will not, however, apply to Mr Barrington, who appears, from his writings, to have continued his attention to literature from the time of his refidence at Oxford in 1746 until within a few years of his death.

In

In 1766 he published his "Obfervations on the Statutes, chiefly the most ancient, from Magna Charta to the 21t of James the Firft, Chap. XXVII. with an Appendix; being a Propofal for new-modelling the Statutes:" 4to. a work of great learn ing, utility, and entertainment; the Fourth Edition of which, confiderably enlarged, was published in 1775 A Fifth Edition has been printed fince. In 1767 he published "The Naturalift's Calendar ;" and, in 1770, became the Editor of "The Hiftory of the Gwedir Family; by Sir John Wynne," 8vo. In 1773 he tranflated and publifhed "King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Verfion of Orofius," 8vo. In 1775 and 1776 he published fome Tracts on the Poffibility of a North-west Paffage. In 1781 he printed in 4to. his Mifcellanies; containing his Tracts on the North-weft Paffage; feveral Tracts on Natural History, on the Linnean Syftem; Accounts of Young Mozart, Charles and Samuel Welley, Young Crotch, and Lord Mornington; on the Deluge in the Time of Noah; the History of the Gwedir Family; Letter on the English and French Writers; Dialogue on antient Tragedies; Ohthere's Voyage illustrated; and a Journal of a Span ish Voyage in 1775. To raife the defponding fpirits of the nation, Mr Barrington in 1782 published in 4to. "Proofs that Great Britain was fuccessful against each of her numerous enemies before the late victory of Sir George Brydges Rodney."

Mr Barrington was a Member of the Royal and Antiquary Societies, and Vice-Prefident of the latter. The Tranfactions of both thefe Societies bear teftimony to his attention to fcience and antiquity. Many papers on various fubjects have been published by him. Among others his Treatife on Gardening in England, and Archery, (Europ. Mag. vol. viii. p. 66.) and his Defence of the Authenticity of Bruce's Travels, which have appeared in the fame Mag. vol. ix. p. 252.

A few years fince Mr Barrington was feized with a paralytic affection, which continued to gain ground upon him, and difqualified him from attending to either bufinefs or litera ture. He continued, however, to refide in his chambers in the King's Bench walks, and received the vifits of his friends until within a few days of his death, which happened the 14th March 1800.

His remains were interred in the vault of the Temple Church; the funeral fervice was performed by the Rev. Dr Rennell, Mafter of the Temple; the pall-bearers were Six Pepper Arden, Sir William Scott, Mr Graham, Mr Popham, Sir William Wynne, Sir John Mitford, Mr Graves, and Mr Champion; his nephew, Colonel Price (fon of his elder fifter by Robert Price, Esq. of Hereford) chief mourner; other mourners-Mr Stanley, Mr Aldeney, Mr Wynne, and Mr Lafcelles, brother benchers and particular friends.

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fions, however, feem to be confined and intelligible to the individuais only of the fame fpecies. But there are certain founds, particularly thofe of danger and of terror, which are perfectly underflood, not only by the