nation, that he had paid for his purchase with a five-pound note, THE JEW OUTWITTED BY THE SAILOR. and received change for the same, which he produced. No other Ir is curious and amusing to witness, on pay-day in a man-of-money than what he accounted for was found upon him; whilst war, the operation of dealing between a seaman and a Jew. They reference to the prize-agent showed that he had received the very meet with a perfect understanding that each shall endeavour to five-pound note produced. The matter was now clear: the Jew over-reach, or, more plainly speaking, to cheat the other. The attempted to call witnesses, but no further hearing was permitted. seaman, whose character for disinterestedness is proverbial, He was turned out of the ship, with his wares, amidst the opproalthough scrupulously honest in other respects, has not the briums of the crew; and even his own fraternity joined in the cry, smallest compunction in cheating, or rather in attempting to so conclusive did the case appear. cheat, for he seldom succeeds in cheating-a Jew. We need hardly state that, in the endeavour, he generally becomes the prey of his more wary and subtle opponent. During the time that large payments were made in bank paper, a very common and successful practice adopted by the Jew to defraud his sailor customer, was to return change for a note of less value than the one he had accepted in payment. The seaman, having received a large sum at the pay-table, in notes of different value, crammed into his pockets, thought himself clever in bating a few shillings in the value of an article, when he was often put off with change for a two or a five, instead of a ten-pound note. Disputes sometimes arise; but, as the men are usually half-stupid with drink, and can give no clear account of the mode in which they have spent their money,-as, moreover, they are frequently robbed by the women,-and the accused party is loud in protesting his innocence by the most solemn asseverations, there is a difficulty, or nearly an impossibility, in obtaining proof and redress. We, however, recollect an occasion (and it is a solitary one) when a seaman cheated a Jew at his own practice; and the truth was only discovered several months after the event happened, by the confession of one of the parties. Upon an occasion of paying prize-money to the crew of a frigate in Plymouth Sound, at the commencement of last war, a boatswain's mate complained to the first lieutenant, that a Jew had defrauded him of a ten-pound note, which he had given in payment for a hat, tendering him the change of a two-pound note instead. The charge was sifted with more than ordinary attention, as both parties courted investigation, and reference was made to the prizeagent's books, for the number of the ten-pound note paid to the complainant. The note in question was missing, but it appeared that the two-pound note, which the Jew insisted he had received in payment, had formed part of the complainant's share, and as the missing note could not be found upon him, the case was dismissed, on the supposition that the charge was either unfounded, or that the Jew had put away the note before a search was made. The reference to the prize-agent's books in the cabin, when the business of payment had not concluded, gave the seaman the idea of a deep-laid scheme, which he put in practice about a twelvemonth afterwards. The frigate having been fortunate in captures, prize-money or wages were always paid (oftentimes in considerable sums to the petty officers), on the day before sailing. The share of the boatswain's mate on the next occasion was upwards of seventy pounds, and he was paid in a fifty-pound and smaller notes. When matters had arrived at a tolerable state of bustle on the main deck, the business of the dealing at its height, bank-notes passing in payment for watches and other articles with extraordinary rapidity, this boatswain's mate, having taken a messmate into his plot, exchanged his fifty-pound note with his colleague for a five, and sent him to the devoted Jew, with instructions to purchase a jacket. This was effected, the note tendered, and the change received. Not long after, the boatswain's mate approached the same stand, and, after a little haggling, bought a handkerchief, or some cheap article, and gave the five-pound note in payment. Now, it is contrary to the practice of the children of Israel to conclude any bargains so long as a buyer seems disposed to extend his purchases, and although on these occasions they take the precaution to secure payment for the first article delivered, they are reluctant to render up change and close the dealing, until further solicitation to buy becomes hopeless. After a while, a final denial for further dealing was accepted, and the change tendered. Our strategist required the balance of fifty, instead of five pounds; high words arose, recriminations and allusions to the former affair were bandied, and an appeal once more made to the same first-lieutenant, on the same quarter-deck. The officer adopted his former course, and, on reference, ascertained that a fifty-pound note found on the Jew was paid to the complainant. So far things looked suspicious; but the dealer asserted that he could point out the man from whom he received it. The hands were turned up, the crew passed in review, and he immediately selected the individual, who denied the charge, stating, in expla We have related this circumstance because it is one case-cer tainly the only one we ever knew-where a seaman succeeded in cheating a Jew; and it is remarkable, that the two men concerned in this dishonest proceeding were the best seamen in the ship, and would probably have given their last shilling to any deserving object. When, after a length of time, the matter became known to the first lieutenant, he obliged the boatswain's mate to make restitution to the suffering party, on the ship's return to port; but the Jew was never afterwards permitted to come on board; neither could the two seamen be persuaded that they had committed any offence in conspiring to "do a Jew." THE GARDEN. How vainly men themselves amaze, Fair Quiet, have I found thee here, To this delicious solitude. No white nor red was ever seen When we have run our passions' heat, What wond'rous life is this I lead! Meanwhile the mind, from pleasure less, Yet it creates, transcending these, Here at the fountain's sliding foot, Such was the happy garden state, How well the skilful gard'ner drew How could such sweet and wholesome hours ANDREW MARVEL. THE MUD-BATHS OF THE CRIMEA.* To the many peculiar and remarkable objects in the Crimea which attract the attention of the scientific traveller, the mud-baths of Sak certainly should be added. Sak is a large Tartarian village in the south-western part of the Crimea, and is situated near the north-eastern shore of Tusly, one of the largest of the numerous salt lakes in that peninsula. This lake is about six or seven wersts long, and nearly two or three broad. Its banks, which are of clay, are generally high and steep; but near the village of Sak, they are flat, or gently sloping. The country around, even to a great distance, is a slightly wavy and almost uniform plain, which only produces grass and a few plants of a kind of wormwood; but no tree of any description is to be seen. There are flocks of dromedaries, horses, black cattle, and sheep; and near the banks of the lake, are a few larks and whistling plovers. Towards the end of the month of June, when the writer resided in the village of Sak, almost all the plants of the plains were burnt up, by an unusually early and very scorching heat; a dead stillness reigned around, which was seldom interrupted except by the cry of the whistling plover, and the chirping of the grasshopper. In winter, and the early part of spring, when the moisture of the atmosphere has thoroughly soaked the parched plains, the rain-water and melted snow swell the salt lake, and cause it to overflow the lower parts of its banks. Later in spring, on the contrary, and during summer, when the heat is excessive and there is but little rain, the water in the lake becomes very much diminished in consequence of evaporation, and leaves the flat parts of its banks exposed, particularly near the village of Sak. When the water first recedes, the soil only remains soaked with a solution of the numerous salts which the lake contains; but when it recedes farther, it leaves behind it, on account of its becoming by degrees more concentrated, a thick layer of salt, which gradually extends over the surface of the exposed parts, and forms a general covering, that has exactly the appearance of smooth and shining ice. The salt is collected in summer, and heaped up on the banks of the lake in immense quantities, where it is purified by the rains and the action of the air for a whole year; and it is then sold for domestic purposes. Those parts of the soil that are cleared by the removal of the salt are found to contain a great quantity of liquid, consisting of various kinds of salts of a black colour, and this is particularly the case in the neighbourhood of Sak; where, for a great length of time, this saline liquid has been used for medicinal purposes from May to September. A long and tolerably deep trench is dug, which, with the mud that is taken from it, is left to warm in the sun; the patient is then laid in the trench, and covered up with the mud, except his head and throat, when a copious perspiration soon takes place all over the body, and he must remain in this situation as long as he can. He is afterwards washed with water from the lake, or is put in a bath of the same water, and is then laid in bed to promote a perspiration, which is considered highly efficacious in promoting his cure. This mud-bath has been found to be of the greatest service to persons afflicted with chronic rheumatism, chronic gout, and many other diseases. Many have been entirely cured by it, when all other remedies have failed. Yet it must be observed, that some patients, who have submitted to this mode of treatment, have been obliged to give it up after the first or second trial, because their skin has become irritated, their nervous system suddenly disturbed, and their pulse violently agitated. The very efficacious effects which these baths have produced have extended their fame not only over the Crimea, but also over the adjoining continent, and patients resort to them in greater numbers every year. The accommodation in the poor and miserable huts of the Tartars was not only very uncomfortable, but for many patients even dangerous; and it was also very expensive. It must, therefore, be a great satisfaction to those who wish to try the mud-baths at Sak, that, for two years past, a tolerably large and well-arranged dwelling-house has been erected there by the Russian government, in which any respectable person may have a very comfortable lodging, entirely free of expense. This house stands quite by itself, between the village of Sak and the lake, and consists of one story of solid stone-work, of an oblong form, standing nearly due east and west. It is ornamented in the Eastern style, with several small towers. That side of the building which faces the south, and commands an extensive view of the lake and the surrounding country, has a projection the whole length of the house, which contains two dwelling-rooms, and a deep verandah supported by wooden pillars; so that any of the inmates may be protected from the scorching rays of the sun while walking under it, or while inhabiting those rooms facing the south. A similar, but narrower, verandah is on the north side of the building. The rooms have all tolerably high ceilings, but vary in length and width. Some of them are large enough for a family. The doors and passages are so arranged, that several rooms may form a separate lodging for one family; or one may be so separated from the others, that a person may live in it alone. The windows are large and of clear glass, and the rooms have deal floors. They are almost all much better furnished than those in any of the inns in the Crimea, with the exception perhaps of the Hôtel de Paris, in Feodosia. Even beds and bedclothes are found in this new building, which are but seldom met with in the inns of the Crimea. It is also kept exceedingly clean throughout, and strikes those who come to it from the hotels of Sympheropol with a most agreeable surprise. There are two wings on the north side, which also contain dwelling-rooms; to which are added, stables, coachhouses, the house of the manager of the establishment, the kitchen, and two small houses for the servants; and there are high stone walls which divide these buildings. The whole forms a quadrangle, with a large court-yard in the centre. There is plenty of cool, pure, and well-tasted water; and the domestic arrangements are undertaken by the manager of the establishment. The The season for the baths begins on the 1st of July, when the principal physician of the city of Eupatoria comes to reside in the mansion. A large tent, divided by partitions into a great many small apartments, is then erected over the place where the mudbaths are to be formed; the ground having been previously covered with a suitable floor of boards, so that neither the tent nor the visitors may be in any danger of sinking in the mire. writer unfortunately arrived somewhat too late to see the tent erected and the baths used; but he was informed, that one side of the tent consists of a long wooden frame covered with canvas, and contains as many doors as there are divisions within. These doors are all towards the south, and, when a trench is dug in any apartment for a patient, the door is left open, so that the rays of the noon-day sun may sufficiently warm the trench and the mud that was taken out of it, before the patient is put into his bath. OUTLINES OF MODERN DEPREDATION. THE only remnant of the "mounted highwayman" which we have in England, is the dead body of Dick Turpin, galvanised by Ainsworth, Dickens, Bentley, Colburn, and Co. and made to perform sundry strange antics, as if it were yet alive. So highly civilised have we become, that robbery and thieving have lost every particle of their supposed romance, generosity, and daring-the thieving of modern times never exhibits anything of the daring of the lion, though it still continues to be practised with all the sneaking cunning of the cat. On the strength of the old and trite axiom, that a knowledge of a disease is half its cure, we proceed to lay before our readers the outlines of modern depredation, as sketched for us by the Commissioners for inquiring into the best means of establishing a Constabulary Force throughout England and Wales. The following facts are all drawn from their Report, recently published. "We find," says the Report, "no traces of mounted highway robbers amongst the class of habitual depredators, and could find no recent cases of the robbery of mails, or of travellers in stage coaches by robbers of that description. The last case of robbery by a mounted highway robber, was that of a man executed for an offence of this description committed near Taunton in the year 1831. The suppression of highway robberies in the vicinity of the metropolis dates from the appointment of an armed horse-patrol. At present, the roads in the suburbs of the metropolis are traversed by your Majesty's subjects at all hours of the night, almost with the same security as in the day. Robberies in the neighbourhood of provincial towns are rendered more hazardous than heretofore, by the increased number of turnpikes and other means of recognition and of detection. To the stoppage of coaches, and robberies by such acts of violence, have succeeded the simple thefts of parcels, which is a species of delinquency more safe and lucrative, and, as far as we are informed, they are more frequent than highway robberies were formerly. But footpad robberies, the robberies of single passengers committed with violence, are still so far frequent as to render travelling at night in many districts extremely insecure." The number of persons apprehended and committed for trial, in England, charged with robbery committed with violence, was 334 in 1826, and 290 in 1837. The following are some general statements : First it is stated that there are, on an average, a hundred thousand commitments annually, of the able-bodied population to the jails of England and Wales; and second, that from twelve to twenty thousand persons are constantly in the criminal jails. But we would, of course, form a very wrong notion of the amount of crime, if we were to frame our estimate of it from the number of commitments. The commissioners conjecture that there are at least 40,000 persons in England living wholly by depredation. The common answer of prisoners, as to the number of depredations in which they have been engaged, is "Impossible to tell," "Can't recollect," "Too many to remember." Pickpockets-that is to say, the lowest class of thieves, who live by small and petty crimes calculate that they must steal, at least, about six pocket handkerchiefs (or things of that value) a day, in order barely to live; and these pocket-handkerchiefs are sold to the Jews in Field Lane, and similar places, for a shilling or one shilling and threepence, each; if one happens to be very good, the thief may get eighteen-pence for it. There are, reckoning in round numbers, about 800 professed pickpockets in the metropolis, and about 3700 common thieves. If each of these steal, on an average, seven shillings' worth daily, in order "to live," there is an amount of nearly sixteen hundred pounds of value taken from the pockets &c. of the people of the "great metropolis," every day, in the working out of one department of crime! One can hardly believe this—and yet the good folks of the Town Council of Liverpool reckoned in 1836, that in their town there were a thousand adult thieves, whose weekly income being not less than 40s. per week each, amounted to a total annually of £104,000; 500 ditto, who work and steal, whose fruit of crime was a round annual sum of £26,000; and 1200 juvenile thieves, earning weekly 10s. each, amounting to £31,200; while the entire annual amount earned by the professors of crime and vice in the borough of Liverpool was set down at £734,240. We beg leave to call the attention of our readers to the following table. In Liverpool, Bristol, Bath, Hull, and Newcastle-uponTyne, there are police establishments framed and conducted upon the principle of the Metropolitan. The following, therefore, is a comparative statement affirmed to have been prepared with great care, showing the character of the districts with which a police, acting upon the principle of an incessant and vigilant superintendence, has to deal. TABLE showing the number of Depredators, Offenders, and Suspected Per sons, who have been brought within the cognizance of the Police of the following districts or places in the year 1837, comprehending-1. Persons who have no visible means of subsistence, and who are believed to live wholly by violation of the law; as, by habitual depredation, by fraud, by prostitution, &c. II. Persons following some ostensible and legal occupation, but who are known to have committed an offence, and are believed to augment their gains by habitual or occasional violation of the law. III. Persons not known to have committed any offences, but known as associates of the above Classes, and otherwise deemed to be Suspicious Characters :— What! some of our readers may exclaim, the proportion of known bad characters in the metropolis is to the population as 1 in 89! Then, deducting the very old and the very young, and the sick, and the home-occupied, and the absent, every second or third person we pass in the streets must be a bad character, ready for cheating, swindling, robbing, or pocket-picking, as circumstances or inclination may permit or prompt! It is difficult to keep down a suspicion of exaggeration; the returns are prepared by the only parties who can do so, the heads of the police; and yet, however honourable these parties may be, one can hardly help thinking that there must always be a strong tendency to augmentation, when people, who live by their profession, are called upon to state the amount of business which they have to transact. But the table requires some explanation. Amongst the 17,000 bad characters of the metropolis are set down 2768 "habitual disturbers of the public peace," about 1300 vagrants, and about 7000 females leading an infamous life. This will leave about 5000 who may be considered as habitual criminal offenders; and when we consider (as was stated in a recent Number) that there are between three and four thousand persons tried annually at the Central Criminal Court, it does not appear that the numbers stated are wide of accuracy. There is another matter in the table which merits the attention of the reader. It is the column headed "Numbers in these classes migrant." Thus, out of the 17,000 bad characters in the metropolis, 2712 (say 3000) are set down as migrants. These, it will be readily concluded, are vagrants and thieves, who start upon provincial excursions, either at stated periods or when they find it convenient to do so. For the reception of these travellers, there are lodging-houses-thieving hotels-over the whole country. "The trampers' lodging-house is distinct from the beer-shop or the public-house, or any licensed place of public accommodation; it is not only the place of resort of the mendicant, but of the common thief; it is the 'flash-house' of the rural district; it is the receiving house for stolen goods; it is the most extensively established school for juvenile delinquency, and commonly, at the same time, the most infamous house in the district." These houses abound everywhere: a tramper states, that there is a lodging-house for "travellers" in every village; and that these travellers tell the people that they are seeking for work, but inwardly pray to God they may never get it! Metropolitan lodging-house keepers have establishments in the provinces, managed by their "agents.” These low lodging-houses issue their "cards." It is stated that there are from 150 to 200 of them in Chester; they are numerous in Brighton; and about 2000 trampers frequent Chelmsford in the course of a year. In the small town of Llanfyllin, there are three lodging-houses. One of these is kept by an old woman, known by the name of Old Peggy. She never lets a tramp go to bed without money or money's worth, and the broken victuals a tramp brings home is sold by her to poor persons who keep dogs,-such as rat-catchers, &c. One man told a druggist of the town, that for twopence Old Peggy would give him scraps enough to keep his dog for a week or more. This druggist stated that Old Peggy has often come to him, saying, "God bless you, doctor, sell me a ha'porth o' tar." When first applied to, he asked, "What do you want with tar?" The reply was, “Why, to make a land sailor. I want a hap’orth just to daub a chap's canvas trousers with; and that's how I makes a land sailor, doctor!' We shall give, in another article, some details, taken from the personal narratives of thieves, as communicated to the commissioners, which will illustrate the manner in which these "travellers" carry on their operations: meantime, we proceed with our "outlines." Plundering the cargoes of passage-boats on the canals has hitherto formed a great branch of modern thieving. Owing to the number of small tunnels through which the boats on the canals have to pass, the goods are covered with a tarpaulin, instead of having a hatchway over them. The "art and mystery" of ab. straction has accordingly been extensively practised, from the captains of these boats down to the humblest labourer on the banks or about the locks. Mr. Pickford, of the firm of Pickford and Co., says, they "can pilfer from a bale of silk almost, if not quite, without its being known; they can take out of a bale of silk just one hank, without undoing the stitches, and it makes a very trifling deviation in the weight, which can hardly be detected. Then with tea. If they have a large lot of tea on board, they make just a little sort of break in the corner of the chest; a teachest is never without some sort of break; and they take a handful out of one and a handful out of another." The packages that go aboard of these boats are packed by hydraulic presses, and so firm as to form an arch, so that the centre, when drawn out, will not decrease the bulk of the whole. The boatmen rob the packages in the most ingenious manner; taking impressions of the seals on corks, and resealing; matching the cord with which the packages are secured,—the captain of the boat generally keeping an assortment of cord for that purpose; and stopping at convenient places for the purpose of "breaking bulk." "When," says a depredator, "we took wine or spirits, we knocked a hoop aside, and made a hole on one side for letting out the liquor, and one on the other for letting in air: when we had taken what we wanted, we put water in to make it up, and pegged up the hole, and replaced the hoop. We had a borer for drawing sugar or dry goods; we slipped the hoop, made a small hole under it, and took what we liked." "As an honest labourer," says another depredator, "for factory work, I got eleven shillings to thirteen shillings; but, while I was boating, I have made fifty shillings in one trip, by taking goods out of packages. I have cleared five pounds in a week by depredations." And another says, "When boating, I always took a little of something every journey. The highest sum I got was twenty-five pounds one trip. The whole crew were engaged in depredations, and I did as my companions did, and took goods of all sorts, which they sold to the different receivers on the canal. If we got one half for it, we thought well: the captain was the salesman, and used to have two shares for his trouble and risk, he having to make all deficiencies good." "We never feared anything," adds another, "for there are no constables on the canals. There are a few bank-riders on the canal, but the driver gives us the signal, and we get the cloth down, and make all right." Poaching, sheep-stealing, highway robbery, and pilfering, prevail in the rural districts. Near towns, where facilities exist of disposing of farm and garden produce, thieving is carried on systematically. At one place, it was a practice for thieves to take orders from purchasers for fruit whilst it was growing. "A farmer told me the other day," says a witness," of a great bargain he had made; he got from such a one twenty-eight shillings a ton for his mangel wurzel. 'Why, the fellow sells it himself again at twenty-five shillings; there must be something wrong somewhere.' The farmer took the hint, and investigated the case. A day or two day after, the man came again for half a ton. He had it as usual; but he was followed, and, on examination, we found the half-ton to be twenty-two hundred weight, instead of ten!" A prisoner was asked, "What is your calling in life?--A labouring man on a farm. "When persons are plundered, they go and tell the constable? No, they don't; they make it away' (they compromise it) with the people as robbed them. "Do they break into gentlemen's houses?-Sometimes; but they break more into one another's cottages, and take just what they may like. "Is there any sheep-stealing ?—Yes, sometimes a sheep goes. "If a sheep is stolen, do they sell it to the butchers, or salt it down for their own use?-They salt it, and bury it in some place under ground, and put a large flag (stone) over it. "Do the farmers go to the constable ?-No. "Are they afraid?—Yes; they are afraid that worse may happen after to them. "Is there any magistrate ?-Yes, about five miles off; they be terrible strict about poaching. "Do the housebreakers go in gangs?—Yes, seven or eight to a housebreaking job. Do they travel any distance to commit robberies?—Yes; they will go twelve or fourteen miles out to housebreaking or poaching. They "Do these men spend their time idling about all day? are always idle by day, and spending money at beer-houses. "They have plenty of money?-Lots of it, always. "Is it well known that they are housebreakers and thieves?Yes. "Are they watched?-The farmers watch their own houses, not knowing when they may be attacked; these fellows are getting so uncommon hard-faced' (daring)." The coasts of England are disgraced by the practices of "wreckers," to an extent which one can hardly believe of this humane, civilised, and Christian country. It is indeed an ill wind that blows nobody good-so say the wreckers of Cornwall and Cheshire. On a portion of the Cheshire coast, not far from Liverpool, the habits of the people are those of reckless wreckers. They will rob those who have escaped the perils of the sea, and come safe to shore; they will mutilate dead bodies for the sake of rings and personal ornaments;-a hurricane generally produces to them a glorious harvest. Similar charges can be brought against the people of the south-eastern and the south-western coasts of England, though those of Cheshire and Cornwall are the worst. We lift up our hands in amazement and horror, when we hear of an African or a New Zealand tribe seizing some of our luckless shipwrecked countrymen, and either putting them to death or carrying them off captive; yet at this very hour, not only foreigners, but "our own people and our own kindred," can bear testimony to the fact, that tribes of savages dwell round the English coasts. But for the coast-guard, matters would be worse even than they are. the water takes a new course and makes new reservoirs which in than the level of the stony substance whence they escape. The water is very clear, and so hot, that the hand cannot bear to be put into it for an instant; and a large volume of smoke curls round them constantly. They burst forth from a table of calcareous stone nearly half an inch in diameter, and raised in most places ten or twelve feet above the plain on which it stands. This has been formed by the deposite from the water of the springs while cooling. Immediately surrounding the springs, the stone is as white as the purest stucco. The water flowing over a surface nearly horizontal, as it escapes from the vents forms shallow basins, of different size and shape. The edges of all these basins are curiously marked with indentations and projections, like the tops of mushrooms and fleurs-de-lis, formed by calcareous matter, prevented from uniting in one uniform line by the contínual but gentle undulation of the water entering into and escaping from the several basins, which are emptied by small and successive falls into the surrounding plain. By degrees, however, the fringed edge becomes solid, and contracting the basin, of which the hollow fills likewise, their turn become solid. Although the water appears perfectly transparent, the calcareous earth, which it deposits, is of different colours; in the first instance, near the mouth, it is delicately white without a stain; at a little distance it assumes a pale straw tint; and further on, a deep saffron hue; in a second, the deposite has a rosy hue, which, as it recedes from the source, becomes of a deeper red. These various colours are deposited in the strata, which hardening, retain the tinges they received when soft; and give rise to variously stratified and veined stone and marble. The whirls, twists, knots, and waves, which some of the fractured edges exhibit, are whimsically curious, and show all the changes which the stony matter undergoes, from soft tufa to hard marble. I observed that the marble is generally formed in the middle of the depth of the mass, rising up with nearly a perpendicular front of the height AN extremely interesting account is given in the Asiatic before mentioned; the table must have been the work of ages. The calcareous matter, which is so largely dissolved and suspended Researches, vol. xii., of a journey undertaken, and, after many by the water whilst hot, is probably furnished by the chalky moundangers and privations, accomplished, by Captain Moorcroft, to tains above Tirtápúri; but the origin of the heat, I have no clue to explore that part of Little Tibet where the shawl goat is pastured; discover. The water must be most strangely situated, for two and also to visit the celebrated lake Mansarowar, in the neighbour-streams so inconsiderable to throw down such a prodigious quanhood of which the Indus has its origin. The lake has no outlet; but as it is difficult to imagine that evaporation can be sufficiently powerful, in so cold a climate, to dissipate the large quantity of water brought into the lake, in the season of thaw, from the surrounding mountains, Mr. Moorcroft imagines that it may, when thus swollen, and at its highest level, communicate with lake Rawan, with which the river Sutlej is supposed to have a communication. Of the difficulties and dangers of the journey it would be impossible to give a condensed account; paths were traversed which appeared impassable to any creature except the sure-footed goat of Tibet; paths, before which even the "mauvais pas" of the Alps shrinks into insignificance; torrents were crossed by means of bridges which seemed scarcely passable even for the light tread of the goat; and to crown the whole, the party were obliged to endure molestation, delay, and even temporary captivity, by the savage inhabitants of these uncivilized regions. But the object was eventually gained; and the account remains but one of the thousand proofs of what intrepidity and perseverance may achieve. The following is the description of some petrifying springs near Tirtápúri, on the river Sutlej, which is an affluent of the Indus. PETRIFYING SPRINGS IN TIBET. "To the west of the town, and about a quarter of a mile distant, are the hot springs, forming one of the most extraordinary pheno mena I have ever witnessed. From two mouths, about six inches in diameter, issue two streams, bubbling about four inches higher tity of earth; and the surface, where quiet, is also covered with a thin crust of semi-transparent matter like that which rises on supersaturated lime-water.” INDIAN PICTURE-WRITING. Company, in a narrative of a journey which he undertook, in THE REV. Mr. West, who was a chaplain to the Hudson's-Bay 1820, within the territory of the Red-River colony, says, "We forded Broad River, on the banks of which we saw several dens which the bears had scratched for shelter; and seeing the smoke of an Indian tent-fire at some distance before us, in the direction we were going, we quickened our step, and reached it before we stopped to breakfast. We found the whole family clothed in deerskins, and upon a hunting excursion from Church-hill. The Indian, or rather a half-breed, was very communicative, and told me that, though he was leading an Indian life, his father was formerly a master at one of the Company's posts, and he proposed accompanying our party to the factory. He had two sons, he said, who were gone in pursuit of a deer; and, on quitting the them to follow us on their return. They were drawn upon a encampment, to travel with us, he would leave some signs for broad piece of wood, which he prepared with an axe. They were, 1st, a tent struck, to intimate that a party had gone forward in a particular direction; 2d, five rude figures, indicating the number of the party, and exhibiting, by their dress and accoutrements, the rank or condition of each individual,-viz. a European chief, a European servant, an Indian attendant, and the two Indians from the encampment; 3d, a curvilinear figure, with the two extremities of the curve pointing towards the hindermost of the figures, to intimate to the Indian's two sons that they were to follow the party." |