their various posts in the vicinity of the place. Championet was still at Mondovi with the two dis visions of his right wing; from which they were dislodged, after a desperate resistance, and compelled to retreat up the Tanaro upon Carėsio. General Grenier, forced from Limona, retreated upon the Colle di Tende; and the valley of Stura, beyond the barricades, was likewise occupied by an Austrian division. After these various successes, Melas summoned Coni to surrender, and, on the refusal of the commander, began the operations of the siege. The main of the army was encamped at Bergo San Dalmazzo, where the Austrian general fixed his head-quarters, placing corps of observation in different directions, so as to prevent every means of relief. While Melas was thus labouring to form the investment of Coni, general Kray, on the other side, was charged with operations no less important. This general had advanced towards Acqui, of which he took possession, after repulsing the French under general St. Cyr, who, abandoning their various posts, retreated upon the Scrivia, and took post on the reverse of the mountains of Novi, which they fortified, with the intention of maintaining themselves. It was in this position that general Kray undertook to force them, and succeeded. The French, after a vigorous resistance, were compelled to retreat. This diversion, calculated to keep the French within the territory of Genoa, was of the greatest importance to Melas; who, having no longer to fear Jest Championct should draw reinforcements from the corps of the army of St. Cyr, could in full security undertake the siege of Coni. General Klenau, having made some 3 progress on the east of Genoa, wat attacked by general d'Arnaud, and driven back with loss; the eastern territory of Genoa was cleared; the head-quarters of the French were established at Pietra; 8,000 men occupied the Colle di Tende, and the range of the heights which covered Genoa and the western coast, as far as Nice. - The Ligurian republic was the only territory which now remained of all the French conquests in Italy. The town of Ancona bad surrendered. This place had been for some months blocked-ap by a squadron of Russian and Turkish ships, and invested on the land side by a considerable army of insur gents under the orders of Lahoz, a general in the Cisalpine service, who had gone over to the allies. The town was bombarded, but vigorously defended by a garrison consisting of 2,500 men, under the command of general Monnier, who had repulsed the besiegers in several sallies, in one of which Lahoz was killed. After the capitulation of Rome, general Frolich had led his division to the attack. The French general, altogether abandoned, judged it hopeless to continue the struggle against so vast a superiority of force; after a severe bombardment of forty-eight hours, therefore, a capitulation was agreed on (14th Nov.), and the garrison surrendered themselves prisoners of war. The conduct of the Austrian general marshal Frolich, in the capture and capitulation of this place, is said to have been one of the principal causes of the misunderstanding between the two imperial courts. The siege of Coni was carried with great vigour, the French, far from being able to offer it any assistance, had continued to fall back. Championet's head-quarters were trans transferred to Sorpelle, a little town at a small distance from Nice. The summit of the Apennines at the Colle di Tende were abandoned by the French, and the general in chief, continuing to cover the Ligurian Apennines from Finale to Gavi, had reinforced with 4000 men the posts opposed to general Bellegarde's division, on the side of Ormea. On the other side of the line, the French army had marched again upon Novi, and Acqui, of which they took possession, but were afterwards dislodged, and forced to retreat upon the Bochetta, General Klenau, who had not given up bis projects on Genoa, on the eastern side of the coast, attacked the French on various points (14th Dec.) and forced them to abandon their positions and retreat on the heights of St. Martin. The position of Genoa became extremely critical, from the facility with which the Austrians had the means of concentrating their forces. St. Cyr formed the daring resolution, which also was become indispensable, of resuming in his turn the offensive, He marched therefore the following day against general Klenau, whose left was almost impregnable, flanked by the sea, and supported by the fire of two ships of the line and frigates. To turn their position was a difficult operation, both on account of the disproportion of forces, and the disadvantage of the ground, almost inaccessible from its elevation, and the difficulty of the outlets; but there was no alternative. General Arnaud received or ders to keep on the defensive on the point flanked by the sea, whilst St. Cyr, after having detached two battalions on Montefacia bore down on the centre and the right flank of the positions of the Austrian army, 1799. After a furious struggle, the French having made themselves masters of the outlets, climbed the heights, drove in the right flank of the Imperialists, the defeat of which drew on that of the left. The Austrian army was pursued, and harassed in its retreat as far as Soré by general Arnaud. The intelligence of the commander of artillery, who, at the head of a detachment, took the posts of Carpendizo and Scoffera, and that of adjutant-ge neral Watrin, who gained possession of Torriglia, contributed much to the success of this day, on which the French troops displayed the greatest intrepidity The imperial army, pursed and harassed, rallied behind the Magra, and joined itself to the division under general Hohenzollern. General Ott's division, which had marched to the assistance of general Klenau, took its cantonments in the duchy of Modena and Parma. The blockade of Gavi was raised by the Austrians, and Hohenzollern's corps established its winter quarters at Alessandria. Meanwhile, the siege of Cont was carried on with great activity and vigour More than 7000 men were employed in the trenches and batteries. The besieging army, already numerous, was continually receiving new reinforcements; the waters had been turned off, so as to prevent the mills from working, and 200 pieces were ready to open on the town. In short, notwithstanding a terrible fire from the place, the trenches were opened (27th Nov.) at 400 paces from the covered way. The garrison attempted a sortie, in order to destroy the works, but their efforts were fruitless. The works were pushed with so much activity, that the first parallel was finished in four days. Artillery was 2 I estab eestablished on nineteen batteries (12th Dec.) and the next day began to play on the place. The fire was so terrible, that the troops which defended the works, at the end of four hours were obliged to abandon them precipitately. At the same time, a bomb falling on a powder magazine, blew up a redoubt. The Austrians took possession of it, and, continuing their operations, at length completed the second parallel (2d Jan.) From the bombardment the town was now on fire in different places. In the evening the redoubt blew up; the fire extending further and further, and the continual fall of bombs and balls taking away every possibility of extinguishing it. The inhabitants prayed general Lichtenstein to spare the town; the prince refused, informing them at the same time that he would not treat, except a flag of truce, commissioned with full powers, would repair to the camp. The French commander, who had no hope of assistance, and who found no advantage in prolonging a resistance which could only end in the total destruction of the town, determined in the evening to capitulate; an officer was sent to agree to the articles of capitulation, which were signed, after some debates, and the garrison, consisting of 2.500 men, surrendered prisoners of war. Thus Coni, justly considered as the key of Piedmont on the side of France, fell into the hands of the Austrians. After the taking of Coni general Melas transferred his head quarters to Fossano. The Austrians at the close of the year, and also of the campaign, occupied all the passage which separate France from Italy; that is to say, the Colle di Tende, which the French had evacuated, the Valley of Aosta, as far as the fort of the Great and Listia St. Bernard, the Valley of Suza, as far as the defiles of Mount Cenis, and the Valley of Ossola, beyond the Simplonella. Their lines exi tended, by the great lake, and those of Lugano and Como, as far as Bellinzone and Chiavenna. On the side of the Apennines, the Ligurian republic was, as it were, invested by different corps of Im perialists, which occupied Ormea, Cairo, Novi, Serravalla, and the environs of Gavi, as far as the Bochetta. Klenau's division on the eastern coast was within four miles of Genoa, and communicated by Sestri with the troops stationed in Tuscany. The French, on their side, maintained themselves in their positions at Fesnils and Cesena, from whence their posts extended to Colombia, Solemine, and Mollière. At the marble cross, near Nice, was general Pointet; at Finale the generals Lemoine, Clausal, and Gardanne; at Loano, general Feras, with 5,000 men: general Miolis had his headquarters at Savona; and the gene rals Victor and Gardanne at Port Maurice and Pieva. The desertion occasioned by want of provisions had considerably weakened the French army. Such was the situation of the re mains of the Austrian and French armies at the end of a campaign which will long be celebrated in the annals of war. However astonishing may have been the progress of the Austrian troops from the Adige to the frontiers of France, the skilful manœuvres which contributed to accelerate or retard their success will fix the attention of military men more than the success itself. Italy, in all modern times, has been easily won and lost. At the close of the fifteenth century Charles Charles the VIIIth conquered it in three months, and in the four months succeeding scarcely found his way back to his states. Under Lewis the XIIth the conquest of the Milanese was made in twenty days, and, with the assistance of Ferdinand, that of Naples in four months; but divisions taking place, as usual, between the allies, Italy was abandoned, and took the surname of the tomb of the French. The campaigns of Francis the Ist, in Italy, are a well-known part of history: but what will distinguish this last campaign is principally the military skill which was displayed in the defensive. When the battle of Magnan was lost by Scherer, at the moment when 45,000 Russians were marching to reinforce the Austrian army, it appeared altogether improbable that Moreau, with a disorganised army, should not only have defended the Milanese, but even have kept his station in Piedmont and in the State of Genoa; much less that he could have rallied Macdonald's army, whose capture or destruction seemed inevitable. The great generalship which he displayed, both in retarding the passage of the Adda, and in the choice of that position, where he contrived, by deceiving the enemy with respect to his projects, to concentrate his forces between Alessandria and Tortona, and not only keep the imperial armies in check, but even obtain an important success against forces infinitely superior; in short, the unexpected rallying of the army of Naples with the wrecks of the army of Italy, an event so important, and which Suwarrow had not the genius, though he had abundantly the power, to prevent, will for ever do equal honour to the military talents of Moreau and Macdonald. A singularity of this campaign, which will distinguish it more par ticularly from all those which have taken place in preceding wars, is the importance which the state of Genoa acquired, considered as an entrenched camp. This astonishing defence of the Ligurian territory, for upwards of six months, against all the efforts of Austrian and Russian troops, commanded by the most experienced generals of Europe, not only served to protect the frontiers of France, but at the same time offered the easiest outlets for the invasion of the Milanese and Tuscany, which the gain of a battle might again put into the power of the French, as well as the whole of Piedmont. That event, in the moment while we are writing, has indeed taken place. May the lit the advantage which either party has gained by this disastrous contest lead them to see their true interests, and may they speedily restore to a distracted world the blessings of peace! 1541 161 PRICES of STOCK for the Year 1799. N. B. The highest and lowest Prices of each Srock in the course of any Month are put down in that Month. B.ak 3p.ct. 3p.ct. 4r.ct.p.ct is pct. Longshort india India 1592 543| 55 | 082 814 824 15: 641674 53 527 661 81 New S Seal OH | New Exch Imp. | Imp.] Irish Loau. Stock Ann Ann. Billsp.ct. Ann. 5p.ct. Eng. Lot. Irish L.otf 76413 16 O pr. dis. 58 52 10 76 13 14 Ο |