lues venerea.

Badder, adj. comp. worse.

(4) The breech. Backstitching, a certain stitch used in making wristbands and collars. Two threads backward

and two forward.

Back up. A person is said to have his back up when he is sulky or sullen. You've yer back up to-day like a peggy otchen goin' a crabbin' is a contemptuous expression used to an ill-natured person, because hedgehogs are believed to carry crabs to their haunts by rolling on them and causing the fruit to stick upon their spines.

Back up, v. to support; usually in a bad cause. 'If they summon ye up to Winterton, I'll go an' back ye up.' Backwater, (1) the ebb of the tide. (2) The water near the side of a river which, when the current is strong, flows the contrary way

to the stream.

(3) The superabundant water in a mill-dam, by the force of which the machinery of water

mills is hindered from working.

Bacon - cratch, a wooden frame made by bars crossing each

other suspended in farm-house

kitchens and larders, and used to support bacon.

'I've knawn badder things then this happen to a man a vast sight.'

Baddest, superl. adj. worst. 'It was the baddest year I ever knew for game.' Badger, v. (1) to tease; (2) to beat down in price. Badly, adj. unwell, sickly.

'I'm

a poor badly creatur, miss.' Bag, (1) the udder of a cow or sheep; (2) the womb of any animal; (3) the stomach of any animal. 'I . . . . have frequently found the principal stomach, or bag, as the farriers term it, nearly eaten through by these destructive vermin.' Complete Grazier, 1810. 143. Bag, v. (1) to steal; (2) to cut peas with a reaping-hook; (3) to cut peat for fuel. See Bags. Bag and Baggage, all a person's household goods. They 've turn'd us out into New Frodingham toon Street, bag an' baggage.' Bag-fox, a fox which has been

་

Bagmentally, adj. rubbishy; usually applied to an utterly worthless person.

which eats and spoils bacon. Bacon-hooks, s. pl. hooks fas

tened into the beams of a house

or larder on which bacon is hung to dry.

Bad, adj. difficult, hard. 'Haxey field's bad to beat, for growin' tuties an' wheat year efter year.'

foolish tale.

Bag-pudding, any pudding which is enclosed in a bag or cloth before it is cooked.

Bags, s. pl. peat cut for fuel. The upper portion, consisting of peat intermixed with roots of grass, when cut for fuel, was called bags; the lower, consist

ing of peat only, was called turves. It is laide in paine that none of the said inhabitantes shall grave or shote any bagges beneath Micklehouses or Triplinghouses or beneath any sik betwene them in paine of euery load to the contraie xij.'Scotter Manor Roll, 11 Oct. 1599. Bagmoor in the parish of Burton-upon-Stather probably derives its name from these bags. The spot on which the battle of the Standard was fought was at one time called Bagmore, perhaps because bags were wont to be cut there. A mediæval annotator of Roger de Houedene

tells us it was so named because the Scots fleeing from the victors 'Sarcinas suas a se projecerunt.' -Rog. de Houedene, Ed. Stubbs, i. 101. There was in the time of John a meadow called Baggethwaite, part of the possessions of the nunnery of Rosedale, co. York.'-Mon. Ang. iv. 317. Bairn, a child. See Barn. Bairn, v. (1) to beget; (2) to conceive.

Gainsb'r.' (4) To cause to feed; also to feed, to take refreshment. 'That no man shall teather nor bate ther horse within the meares, within the corne landes, except euery man of his owne.'-Scotter Manor Roll, 26 March, 1578. 'When I drive to Lincoln I al'us bate at Cainby corner.' The two verbs bate (from abate) and bait, to feed, or cause to bite, seem to have become confused together. Baked, encrusted with mud. 'Look at that sow, Master Edward; she's fairly baked wi' sludge.'

Baked meat, roast meat; as distinguished from boiled. Baked on the sole. Bread is said to be baked on the sole when it is baked on the oven shelf without being confined in a tin. Baker's-bread, bread made by a baker, as distinguished from home-made bread.

Bakin', lit. a baking; all the loaves of bread, or pieces of pastry, baked at one time. Bakston, lit. a bake-stone; an iron plate with an iron bow to hang by to bake muffins on.Cf. Atkinson's Cleveland Glossary,

25.

Balderdash, silly talk.
Bald-faced, white-faced, said of

Bairnish, adj. childish. Bairnishness, childishness. Bairnless, adj. childless. Bairn-play, foolish sport. 'I call this crokey [croquet] that gentlefolks is so fond on nowt but bairn-play.' kings is no bairns-play.'-Kingsley, The Red King. Bait, a rest from labour, generally for the purpose of taking food. Commonly used for animals, but sometimes for men also. See below.

Bait, Bate, (1) to tease; (2) to cease from labour for a short time. Nu then, chaps, we mun bait a bit.' (3) To give draught horses a short rest for the sake of taking food. Thu mun bait thy herses twice atween here an'

Balk. See Bauk.

Ball, the palm of the hand, or the sole of the foot.

Ball, v. to stick together; spoken of snow. . Th' snaw ball'd so I thowt my black mare wod ha' been doon every minit.' Bam, a deceitful tale told for temporary amusement.

Bam, v. to deceive for amusement. Bamboozle, v. to deceive; to make fun of by some foolish story.

་

Banbury-tale, silly talk. The phrase Banbury Glosses' is used by Latimer in a contemptuous manner, vol. ii. 299 (Parker Soc.).

Band, (1) anything twisted, such as rope, or string; v. hay-band. (2) The iron work on a door to which the hinges or sockets are fastened. See Bands. Band-end, v. to beat. If you don't giv' ower I'll band-end yer.'

Band-maker, a woman or child

who makes bands with which to tie sheaves in harvest.

Bands, the iron work of hinges which projects beyond the edge of the door; frequently used for the hinge itself.

Bandy, (1) the stick with which the game of hockey is played; and hence, (2) the game of hockey.

Bandy, v. to toss backwards and forwards.

Bandy-ball, a game called fives in Scotland, and rackets in the South of England. Bandy-legs, s. pl. thin legs; legs turning in at the knees. Bang, v. (1) to throw about; to shut a door violently; to beat. 'She was mad, an' begun to bang fire-irons about.' (2) To surpass, to excel. bangs onybody I ever heard at preachin'.' Banger, something very large, especially a great lie.

Banging, adj. large, strong, excellent.

cavator.

66

sattlin' day.' Bang up is sometimes used as a nickname for a person who represents himself as strong, powerful, or rich. Banker, (1) a person who makes banks, a drain-digger, an exThe writer of this article remembers. . . the judge and the bar being equally puzzled by being told that a disreputable fellow, who, if we remember rightly, the police had found asleep under a straw-stack, was a banker. "A banker," exclaimed the judge. Yes, sur, and he is a banker, that I'll tak' my bible oath on, for I seed him mellin' doon kids at th' stathe end not ower three weeks sin," replied the witness. A philologist was at length found in court who explained that a banker was in the Lincolnshire - folkspeech a man who made banks, that mell meant to hammer with a wooden mallet or mell, and that kid wasa faggot.'-Stamford Mercury, 7 Aug. 1874. 'One of these men [from the Bedford Level], who was examined as a witness at Cambridge assizes, being asked, as usual, what he was said, "I follow fowling and fishing." On another occasion a poor man, a witness in court, said, in answer to the same question, "A banker." The judge remarked, "We cannot have any_absurdity." The man replied, "I am a banker, my Lord." He was a man who repaired the banks of the dykes.'-Geo. Pryme, Autobiographic Recollections, 146.

(2) Stones piled up for the purpose of making a firm foundation for the stone on which a mason is working. Bank-seat, the level ground on which a bank is raised.

Bank up, v. to heap up.

'Th'

muck was bank'd up three foot agëan Bottesworth chech-wall.'

Bantling, a pet name for a child. Bar, v. to stop, to forbid, to prohibit. He's barred takin' stroa

of o' th' land by th' custom o' th' country.' A law term Barber, v. to shave.

'I alus barber my sen o' Setterda' neet ready for Sunda”.

Bare as a bod's tail, i. e. as a bird's tail; said of a person who has lost everything he possessed. Cf. Bernard, Terence, 76. Bare-bub, an unfledged bird. The names boys give to young birds are bare-bubs, pen-feather'd uns, flig'd uns, and flig’d flyers. Bare-cart, Bare-waggon, a cart or waggon whose wheels are not protected by iron hoops or tiers obsolescent). Before the great enclosures at the end of the last century, most of the highways were unstoned, and carts and waggons frequently had not their wheels protected by iron. Entries like the following are common in inventories of farmingstock:- One shodd wayne & one bare wayne liij.-Inv. of John Nevill of Faldingworth, 1590, MS. The wheels of bathingmachines are at the present day sometimes left unshod where the surface they have to traverse is not of shingle, but of sand. I am told that vehicles unshod may still be sometimes seen in the Netherlands.

Barge-board, the weather-board of a building. Bargest [baar gest], a ghost, an evil spirit.-Cf. Scott's Border Min. i. 207; ed. 1861. Barked, pp. said of dirt dried on the skin, and hard to move. 'Yer han's is fairly barked wi' muck.'

Barm, (1) yeast; (2) the brown froth which collects in running 'Bessy

streams.

Barn, a bairn, a child.

Marris's barn! tha knaws she laäid it to mea,' - Tennyson, North. Farmer, st. vi. Barn, v. to put into a barn. 'Barn or stack it after harvest.' -Arth. Young, Agric. of Co. Linc. 1799, 164. Barnacles, s. pl. old-fashioned spectacles which were held on the nose without lateral supports. Barn-yard, fold-yard.

Baron, Barren, the pudendum of a cow. 'Particular attention should be given that the pudendum, or baron, as it is sometimes called, be not lacerated.'-Treatise on Live Stock, 1810, 41. Baron of beef, the rump and the loins of beef.

Barony land (obsolescent). 'Sir John Thorrolde hathe land [in Corringham] pretended to be Baronie Lande, a terme giuen to all suche lande[s] within the Soke which are not of the Soke.' -Norden's Survey of the Soke of Kirton-in-Lindsey, 1616, p. 35 b. Cf. 43 b. In others there are Barony lands, that owe no suit or service to the prince, so that two courts are not unfrequently held in these parishes, one for the prince or lord of the manor of Kirton in that parish, and the other for the lord of the baronylands.'-Survey of the Manor of Kirton-in-Lindsey, 1787. Barring, prep. except.

I'll go wi' ye ony day barrin' Thursda'; that's Brigg market.' Barrow-drill, a small drill which is pushed forward by hand like a wheel-barrow. Barrow-hale, the handle of a wheel-barrow.

Bars, s. pl. the ridges on the roof of a horse's mouth.

Bartle, Barty, short forms of Bartholomew. Bartle is a Lincolnshire surname.

Bass, (1) a kind of rush from which matting is made; (2) matting, including Russia matting, whether as woven, or as used for tying up garden-plants; (3) a hassock made of rushes; (4) a limp basket made of rushes, in which carpenters carry their tools; (5) the lime-tree. Tilia parvifolia. Bass-wood is a term vaguely used by carpenters to indicate several soft kinds of wood. Arthur Young mentions having seen in the south of the county a wood of the poplar class' which the woodmen called Pill-Bass.- Linc. Agric. 1799,

213.

Bass-collar, a collar for horses,

made of rushes.

Bassins, s. pl. dressed sheep-skins. Bassock, (1) a thick sod used for fuel. That none shall grave any sodes nor turves nor bassocks of the Sowthe Easte syde the Grene gaitte and abuttinge of the Southe weste of grene howe in pena vj. viij.'-Bottesford Manor Roll, 1578.

(2) A hassock. [1551] 'For nattes & bassockes for pe quere ij". ixa.'-Louth. Ch. Acc. ii. 97. For a bassecke for Mr Bulmer,

iiija.' — Kirton – in – Lindsey Ch.

Acc. 1633.

Bast, the fibre of hemp or flax. 'Spread it on stubbles for three weeks or a month, till the bast clears easy from the bun.'-Arth. Young, Linc. Agric. 1799, 159. Baste, v. (1) to pour fat over meat while roasting. Where Belial, upon duty for the day With Fox's lard was basting William Pitt.'Byron, Vision of Judgment, lxxiii. (2) To beat. (3) A term used in sewing; to run together with long stitches.

Bat, (1) a habit. Compare a policeman's beat.' 'Our parson's at his owd bat; preachin' agëan Methodises and Ranters ;'

(2) pace, rate, speed. They do go at a strange bat on them railroads; (3) a sharp blow. 'He fetch'd me such a bat on th' side o' my head it made all my teeth chitter; (4) a sheaf of threshed straw or reeds; (5) a turf used for burning.

Bat, v. to cover with bats. Stacks are batted down as soon as they are topped up, i. e. finished, by having bats pinned on them with thatch pegs. When the harvest is got in these bats are removed and the stack is thatched. To cover a potato-pie with straw preparatory to putting on the earth is called batting it down. Bat-eyed, adj. near-sighted. Bate, a habit of going or doing.

'Sam's herse hed gotten a bate o' stoppin' at every public-hoose atween Barton Watter-side an' Rischolme turnpike.' 'My lad's gotten a bate o' swearin', all thrif goin' to that dam'd school o' yours.'

Bate, v. to abate, to diminish, to take off something in a bargain. 'I we 'nt bate nowt at all, so you can tak her [a cow] or leave her just as you like.' See also Bait. Bath, v. to bathe, or apply fo

mentation.

Batten, a board of foreign timber

about 6 in. wide and 2 thick. Batten, v. to cover with battens. Batten-door. A door made of

boards nailed to cross pieces is called a batten-door to distinguish it from a panelled door. Battenings-dale, land in Kirtonin-Lindsey, 1787.

Batter, (1) soft horse-trampled

mud on a road; (2) a slope, as the side of a drain, bank, &c. Batter, v. an upright surface is

said to batter, when it slopes from you; as the side of a ditch, bank, wall, or tower.