Nov. 9th, 1660. - I went to my father's and staid late, talking with my father about my would come and be as a servant (which my sister Pall's coming to live with me if she wife did seem to be pretty willing to do today) and he seems to take it very well and intends to consider of it.

the first volume of the third edition (1848), ! wife was dead, which made me that I slept ill which covers the same ground. The ad- all night. ditional matter is of the true Pepysian flavour, and we add a few specimens which are neither better nor worse than the remainder. Some of the entries in the old editions that gave a wrong impression, from being improperly curtailed, are now set right. Here are two instances in which it will be seen that the omitted passages completely alter the sense. The words printed by Lord Braybrooke are in italics:

April 11th, 1661. So home and I found all well, and a deal of work done since I went. I sent to see how my wife do, who is well. So to Sir W. Batten's and there supped, and very merry with the young ladies. So to bed very sleepy for last night's work. Dec. 30th, 1661. - With my wife and Sir W. Pen to see our pictures, which do not much displease us, and so back again, and I staid at the Mitre, whither I had invited all my old acquaintance of the Exchequer to a good chine of beef, which with three barrels of oysters and three pullets and plenty of wine and mirth was our dinner, and there was about twelve of us, and here I made a foolish promise to give them one this day twelvemonth, and so forever while I. live, but I do not intend it. So home to Sir W. Pen, who with his children and my wife has been at a play to-day and saw D'Ambois," which I never

saro.

66

Jan. 8th, 1659-60.- From thence to my father's to dinner, where I found my wife, who was forced to dine there, we not having one coal of fire in the house, and it being very hard frosty weather.

June 29th, 1662. — I do find upon my monthly ballance that I am worth 650l., the greatest sum that ever I was yet master of. I pray God give me a thankfull spirit, and care to improve and increase it.

Oct. 13th, 1660.- From thence to my Lord's, and took Captn. Cuttance and Mr. Shepley to the Sun Taverne, and did give them some oysters. After that I went by water home, where I was angry with my wife for her things lying about, and in my passion kicked the little fine basket, which I bought her in Holland, and broke it, which troubled me after I had done it.

Nov. 6th, 1660.- At night to bed, and my wife and I did fall out about the dog's being put down in the cellar, which I had a mind to have done because of his fouling the house, and I would have my will, and so we went to bed and lay all night in a quarrel. This night I was troubled all night with a dream that my

-

Aug. 26th, 1661. — This morning, before I went out, I made even with my mayde Jane, who has this day been my mayde three years, and is this day to go into the country to her mother. The poor girle cried, and I could hardly forbear weeping to think of her going; for though she be grown lazy and spoilt by Pall's coming, yet I shall never have one to please us better in all things, and so harmless, while I live. So I paid her her wages and gave her 2s. 6d. over, and bade her adieu, with my mind full of trouble at her going.

Nov. 27th, 1661. This morning our mayde Dorothy and my wife parted, which though she be a wench for her tongue not to be borne with, yet I was loth to part with her; but I took my leave kindly of her and went out.

There are several new entries about songs and music; for instance:

July 17th, 1660. — That done and the day proving fair I went home and got all my things packed up and sent away, and my wife and I and Mrs. Hunt went by coach, overtaking the carts a-drinking in the Strand. Being come to my house and set in the goods, and at night sent my wife and Mrs. Hunt to buy something for supper; they bought a quarter of lamb, and so we eat it, but it was not half roasted.

Dec. 3rd, 1661. — At noon thence to the Wardrobe, where my Lady Wright was at dinner, and all our talk about the great happiness that my Lady Wright says there is in being in the fashion and in variety of fashions, in scorn of others that are not so, as citizens' wives and country gentlewomen, which though it did displease me enough, yet I said nothing to it. Thence by water to the office through bridge being carried by him in oares that the other day rowed in a scull faster than my oares to the Towre, and did give him 6d.

In the new portion we obtain several | thence home and up to bed, having first been fresh glimpses of the character of Pepys's daily companions:

Lord Sandwich:- Oct. 22nd, 1660. Talking of religion I found him to be a perfect sceptic, and he said that all things would not be well while there was so much preaching, and that it would be better if nothing but Homilies were to be read in Churches.

Sir W. Penn:-Oct. 9th, 1660. To Whitehall again, where at Mr. Coventry's chamber I met with Sir W. Pen again, and so with him to Redriffe by water, and from thence walked over the fields to Deptford, the first pleasant walk I have had a great while, and in our way had a great deal of merry discourse, and I find him to be a merry fellow and pretty goodnatured and sings very loose songs. I found our gentlemen and Mr. Prin at the pay. About noon we dined together, and were very merry at table telling of tales. After dinner to the pay of another ship till ten at night, and so home in our barge, a clear moonshine night, and it was twelve o'clock before we got home, where I found my wife in bed, and part of our chambers hung to-day by the upholster, but not being well done I was fretted and so in a discontent to bed. . . . Sir W. Pen told us a good jest about some gentlemen blinding of the drawer, and who he catched was to pay the reckoning, and so they got away, and the master of the house coming up to see what his man did, his man got hold of him, thinking it to be one of the gentlemen and told him he was to pay the reckoning.

Dec. 22nd, 1655. Went to the Sun taverne on Fish Street Hill. We staid here very late, at last Sir W. Pen and I home together, he so overcome with wine that he could hardly go; I was forced to lead him through the streets and he was in a very merry and kind mood. I home, my head troubled with wine and very merry went to bed, my head akeing all night.

June 29th. 1652. -Home with Sir W. Pen to dinner by appointment and to church again in the afternoon and then home and in the evening to supper again to Sir W. Pen. What ever the matter is, he do much fawne upon me, and I perceive would not fall out with me, and his daughter mighty officious to my wife, but I shall never be deceived again by him, but do hate him and his traitorous tricks with all my heart.

The italics in the last three extracts show what a wrong impression the old editions often give us of the contents of the diary.

The following little bit contains a good instance of Pepys's shrewdness in money

matters:

Dec. 10th, 1660.-Colonel Slingsby and I in the evening to the coffee-house in Cornhill and I found much pleasure in it, through the diversity of company and discourse. From

into my study and to ease my mind did go to cast up how my cash stands, and I do find as near as I can that I am worth in money clear 240/. for which God be praised. This afternoon there was a couple of men with me with a book in each of their hands, demanding money for poll-money, and I overlooked the book and saw myself set down Samuel Pepys, which I did presently pay without any disgent. 10s. for himself and for his servants 25. pute, but I fear I have not escaped so, and therefore I have long ago laid by 1o. for them, but I think I am not bound to discover myself.

to the Privy Seal, and we now for the first On August 19, 1661, Pepys was sent for time have the following interesting account of what occurred to him:

Lord Privy Seale had not the seale here, Mr. Here I staid till at last, hearing that my Moore and I hired a coach and went to Chelsy, and there at an alehouse sat and drank and past the time till my Lord Privy Seale came to his house, and so we to him and examined and sealed the thing, and so homewards, but when we came to look for our coach we found it gone, and so we were fain to walk home afoot and saved our money. We met with a companion that walked with us and coming among some trees near the Neate houses, he began to whistle, which did give us some suspicion, but it proved that he that answered him was Mr. Marsh (the Lutenist) and his wife, and so we all walked to Westminster together, in our way drinking a while at my cost, and had a song of him, but his voice is quite lost.

thoroughly the old editions are now superWe have quoted enough to show how seded, and we advise all to read this handwill be pleasing to the eyes of both old some volume, the charming print of which and young. The publishers are also to be congratulated upon the happy effect of the cloth cover, which is a successful imitation of the old Cambridge calf, in which Pepys's books are all bound. Mr. Bright does not give any notice of the new matter, so that readers will have to find it out for themselves; but that will be an agreeable excuse for reading the whole diary. HENRY B. WHEATLEY.

were informed that Vesuvius had entered A FEW days only have elapsed since you on a new period of volcanic activity. Such

On

was the report of Prof. Palmieri. As yet | arrived from many places in the neighthe mountain has not spoken, but on Mon- bourhood, and others at a considerable day morning Naples was shaken at 3h. distance, describing the terror of the in24m. by a severe shock of earthquake, and habitants. At Resina and the other towns the panic created by it was intense. Late, under the mountain the panic was excesor early as it was, nearly the whole popu- sive, for the movement was attributed to lation turned into the streets, despite the Vesuvius, and an eruption was expected rain, which was coming down in torrents. immediately. The shock was felt all Most were on foot, many in carriages; round the coast, and even on the islands. and all made for the open places, such as Nola, Caserta, Benevento, Foggia, and the Molo, the Piazza del Dante, or the Bari were shaken. At Caserta the troops Strada Vittorio Emmanuele - indeed, left their barracks, and encamped in the every square was filled with a terror- squares; but in no place, as far as we stricken crowd, whose cries made the have heard at present, has there been any scene yet more terrific. Omnibuses and sacrifice of life, except in S. Marco in carriages, wherever they could be found, Lamis, where three persons were killed were taken possession of, and soon filled, and several houses thrown down. but the great proportion of the fugitives Monday night and Tuesday morning the were compelled to rough it in the open, fears of the Neapolitans were again on the half-dressed, and some in their shirts. increase, as there was an apprehension That which was dreaded was the replica that the shock might repeat itself at the -the return shock, when the earth re-end of twenty-four hours, and three o'clock turns, as it were, to its normal condition. in the morning was waited for with nervHappily it did not take place, and at dawn a shivering crowd returned to their homes, to find, many of them, that they had been robbed in their absence. Report then began to be busy, and heavy disasters were related to have occurred in various parts of the city - statements which were readily received, as nothing is so credulous as fear. No great damage, however, was occasioned; several half-built or rickety houses were thrown down, some houses and public buildings were more or less damaged, as the Alberga dei Poveri, some barracks, and a hospital, from which the sick were removed on that inclement night. Yet the incidents following on the shock were sufficiently awful to alarm any one: As by the rising or falling of a thermomthe house-bells rang, the walls sensibly eter one detects the changes of temperamoved, furniture was displaced, and per-ture, so by the watch alone it was possible sons were rocked in their beds. The precise moment of the shock was marked, too, by many a watch which had stopped, but Palmieri's calculation could not be erroneous. He describes it as having travelled from north-west to south-east, and as having been at first undulatory, then vertical, and afterwards "sussultoria," lasting altogether cighteen seconds. Every one, of course, attributed it to Vesuvius, but our professor says it had no relation with the mountain; and one proof of it is, that the movement extended over a great extent of country, and increased in intensity at an increasing distance from Naples, the centre of agitation being in Puglia, near a place called S. Marco in Lamis. There the great shock, which has been followed by several others, lasted upwards of a minute. Since Monday, despatches have

ous agitation. Few went to bed, or if they did they lay down dressed, or with their clothes near them, ready for a start. Many formed parties in their houses, as if death would be less awful in the company of friends, but more were in the streetsthe cafés were crowded, and carriages again were utilized as sleeping-chambers. Many too—and it reminds us of one or two incidents connected with the history of Pompeii-packed up their jewellery, ready to be carried off at the first alarm, and one lady, says a journalist, sent off "her adored parrot," to be restored when demanded, or to be retained in case of accident.

to measure the intensity of anxiety. At midnight public feeling was very nervous. At one o'clock on Tuesday morning there was a vast amount, or display, of devotion

- litanies were sung and saints invoked; and so it continued till three o'clock, when the awful moment approached. At 3h. 24m. fear was at its height, but the hand moved on, and the dreaded shock was not felt. Still there might be some delay clocks might be wrong; yet no-time went on and nothing happened, so that litanies ceased to be sung, and thousands who had spent a night of intensest agony on the damp pavement, went home, chilled to the marrow, indeed, but allegramente. Since then there has been no further alarm here, at least. Vesuvius, as I look upon it, wears an aspect full of innocence; it is covered with snow, but underneath are

256

VESUVIUS.

raging fires, which may burst out at any moment. As far as human science can predict, an eruption will take place before long. It is not improbable that the unusual quantity of rain which has fallen this year may have precipitated the phenomena I have reported, for Prof. Phillips, in his "Vesuvius," says, "Internal fissures arising from some kind of accumulating pres

sure, the necessity of earthquakes following upon such a process in a volcanic region will be apparent. heated interior becomes opened to the For thus the admission of water; the generation of steam-the sudden shock-the far-extended vibratory motion, are consequences of a slow change of dimensions, in presence of internal heat and admitted water." H. W.

black dove; neither the above nor the pigeon to represent a "widow woman," they drew a have been found embalmed. The monkeys were sacred to the god Thoth, secretary to Osiris, the Jupiter of the old Egyptians. One species is evidently the dog-faced ape (Simia hamadryas) a native of Ethiopia, from whence it was probably obtained; it appears constantly in the hieroglyphic writings, as well as in pictures and statues, the visage in the latter being often half-dog, half-monkey. The other is the little green monkey of Ethiopia; both are common in museums. of the camel in Egypt during the sojourn of Abraham is a matter of history, and yet, The presence the paintings or hieroglyphics. The feathers strange to say, it has never been met with in of the ostrich are seen on the heads of the gods, and were, no doubt, brought from the south by the tribes as tribute, or obtained during conquests. The elephant also appears in pictures; but none of these seem to have been either sacred or emblematic of a deity.

Colburn's New Monthly Magazine

EGYPTIAN BIRDS AND ANIMALS. worthy of notice that among the feathered and It is four-legged animals domesticated by the ancient Egyptians, ducks are not represented; moreover, it may be observed that there are no data to show that the domestic fowl was known to the ancient Egyptians. The object so called on the cartouche of the builder of the Great Pryamid resembles a chick, both in appearance and figure, but it might be the young of the quail, which is still plentiful throughout the cultivated districts. There is a picture on one of the tombs, and another in the British Museum, where geese, quail, and evidently ducks, are being salted and preserved for future use. and domesticated, have been plentiful in Pigeons, both wild Egypt from very early times. The common rock-pigeon (C. livia) is generally distributed, and its compeer of the dovecot often returns to the rocky wilds. Every town of any pretensions has a public pigeon-house, more on account of the economic value of the manure than for the birds. At Sioot it is a lively scene to sit in your boat and watch them swarming about the houses and settling on the tops of palm-trees, or, like sea-gulls, hovering over the river for the purpose of picking up refuse thrown overboard. The traveller inquisitive on points connected with natural alarmingly in the ascendant in Scandinavia THE Communistic principles which are so history will do well to examine the walls of may perhaps be explained by the low state of the Theban temples. On that of Medinet the higher education, a fact which has reHaboo, there is observed a very vivid repre- ceived a strong confirmation in the statistics sentation of the coronation of the warrior lately published of the condition of the varimonarch, Rameses III. (B.c. 1300.) among all the state display of the times, are shown in the most startling form in the UniHere, ous universities. shown priests in their robes letting off carrier-versity of Christiania, where the number of The retrograde tendency is pigeons, which seem to be conveying tidings students, over 1,000 at the end of the correof the event to distant points—indeed, Egyp-sponding term last year, now scarcely exceeds tiologists assert that there are notices in ancient papyrus manuscripts of tamed pigeons having been used in Egypt as articles of food no less than three thousand years, and upwards, before the birth of Christ, thus testifying to the long domestication of the pigeon. The turtle-dove (T. Senegalensis) is universally distributed over the habitable parts of Egypt and Nubia, and breeds in the middle of the large towns. When the ancients wished

Soo. In Sweden the contempt for literature has not passed so far as in Denmark or Norway; but in one university at least (Lund) we find a serious diminution in the number of students. The sentimental teaching given at the popular Hoifolkeskoler, consisting chiefly of ballads and the elements of rhetoric, may foster patriotism, but is no adequate substitute for a university education.

Academy

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