had taken his passage on board of H.M.'s | asked Napoleon what he thought of Lord frigate "Phaeton," which was expected to Wellington. "Why," said Napoleon, arrive in about a month's time. At this" Wellington is a good soldier and a brave news Napoleon was greatly chagrined, as man; but he does not possess that expe. he appeared to know Sir Hudson Lowe rience which is requisite in a field-marwell. ́Napoleon remarked to the admiral, shal. Sir Rowland Hill should have been "I hope Sir Hudson Lowe will act in the your commander-in-chief. He is far susame manner as you have done, then I perior to Wellington, and so was General shall be comfortable." Sir George bowed, Picton. During the latter part of the war and remained silent. Mr. Jones, having I am convinced that Wellington only fola standing pass from Sir George, often lowed General Hill's directions. Poor came to Longwood. In a conversation old Hill is a general who fought hard and about the war with Bonaparte, the latter well for his country, and he ought to have spoke very highly of some of his own gen- had the honours that have been given to erals, saying that none could exceed them Wellington. The English had several old in their art. Mr. Jones replied, "You officers more experienced in the field and were very lucky to fall in with such clever who were better commanders than Welmen." "Not at all," said Napoleon. lington. I had read an account of Water"My maxim was, never to promote any loo written by an Englishman, from which man unless he deserved it. No matter it appears that Wellington did the sole how humble a man's origin might be, if business himself; but let any man read a he possessed merit or any good qualities true account of the battle, and then he will I always encouraged him, and by expe- see who was really the conqueror. I do rience he promoted himself. To make a not wish to disparage Wellington,- far thorougly good general a man should go from it, but what would have become of regularly through all grades in the army him and his army if Blucher had not come that is, he should rise from the ranks. to his assistance so soon?" Mr. Jones If a man had talent, I developed it. Now remarked that the action must have been the practice in the English army is always dreadful, from the accounts he had read to promote persons of high birth,-money of it. "Yes," replied Napoleon, "it was easily purchasing the commission of a sharp; but if I had taken the advice of lieutenant-colonel, for a man with little Marshal Bertrand and Marshal Ney, I or no military experience; the sons of could have destroyed the English army, noblemen can be captains and majors and afterwards have attacked the Pruswithout ever having had a day's march sians. I was deceived. I thought the with a regiment, while good soldiers who Prussians were Grouchy coming to my have fought for their country and expe- assistance. Had he come as I expected, rienced the fatigues and hardships of war, the allied army would have been annihilatif they happen to be of obscure birth, in ed-we should have taken it en flagrant low circumstances, and to lack wealthy or délit; but Providence turned the scale influential friends, are totally and most against me." unjustly neglected." Mr. Jones then

THE WARNING SYMPTOMS OF SLEEPLESS- | dications of a condition of nervous irritability NESS. It is of course premature to offer any or mental excitement which may at any mo remarks on the "tragedy at Norwich," but ment assume the form of uncontrollable viothere can be no objection to urging very stren-lence. Delirium tremens, traumatic delirium, uously upon hospital surgeons and practition- and the most dangerous forms of mania are ers generally, who are not specially familiar all prone to give this warning token of their with the symptoms of mind and brain disease, the imperative necessity of treating "sleeplessness as a warning symptom. A "curious patient," so described because he does not sleep, should be at once placed under proper supervision, for his own sake and the safety of those around him. Inability to sleep, remarks the Lancet, is one of the most significant in

presence, and scarcely any other. Without in the least prejudging the case now sub judice, we venture to bespeak the attention of the profession and the public for a matter of daily importance, unfortunately impressed afresh upon the notice of everybody by this terrible lesson in blood.

For EIGHT DOLLARS, remitted directly to the Publishers, the LIVING AGE will be punctually forwarded for a year, free of postage.

An extra copy of THE LIVING AGE is sent gratis to any one getting up a club of Five New Subscribers. Remittances should be made by bank draft or check, or by post-office money-order, if possible. If neither of these can be procured, the money should be sent in a registered letter. All postmasters are obliged to register letters when requested to do so. Drafts, checks and money-orders should be made payable to the order of LITTELL & GAY.

Single Numbers of THE LIVING AGE, 18 cents.

From The Contemporary Review. WESLEYAN METHODISM, IN WESLEY'S

LIFETIME AND AFTER.

revealed to him- that of salvation by grace and faith, which was not being preached by the clergy of the time, and which might act with regenerative power upon the prevailing ungodliness. He assumed the manner of a reprover and in

otic adventure of his own. He was picked out for it and solemnly sent forth, as we may say, by the Church. Up to the time 5. BEFORE leaving the subject of Meth- of his so-called conversion, certainly, there odism as it was in Wesley's lifetime; there was no coldness between him and the auis one other point which claims distinct thorities of the Church. After he had notice the question of the treatment of become a disciple of Peter Böhler, his Wesley by the Church of England. One own attitude toward the Church was alof the commonest beliefs now current tered. He felt that he had had a truth about his history is, that he was "thrust out" from the Church. The rulers of the Church in those days acted, it is thought, with extraordinary blindness, and through their want of sympathy and appreciation drove an apostolic man into reluctant nonconformity. We are constructor, beginning with William Law, tinually called upon to admire, with mortification and sorrow, the superior wisdom of the Church of Rome, which made of St. Dominic or St. Ignatius-what the Church of England might have made of Wesley- the head of an order devoted to the interests of the Church. There is some truth, no doubt, but hardly less of error, in this view of the treatment of Wesley by the Church of England.

If the Church of England had been wholly different from what it was, no one can say what might or might not have happened. Wesley himself would have been different, to begin with, for he was a genuine product of the Church of that age. We can easily wish that the Church had been more enlightened, and had had more fervour or more authority. But the rulers of the Church - Potter, Gibson, Sherlock, Lowth—were anything but bigoted and harsh in their action towards Wesley. They neither "thrust him out" by any formal act, nor did anything to which such a phrase could be applied. Of one thing the student of Wesley's life will have no doubt — that if he had sat in the seat of Potter or Gibson, he would have been far less tolerant, far more imperious, far more ready to excommunicate, than either of these prelates.

We have seen what extraordinary encouragement was given to Whitefield when a youth, by the bishop of Gloucester. Similarly, the first Methodistic practices of Morgan and the Wesleys received the cordial sanction of the bishop of Oxford. Wesley's mission to Georgia was no quix

66

whom he took to task in a style which every one feels to have been painfully unbecoming. But he rightly contended that what he was now preaching was good Church of England doctrine. And that there was no overwhelming prejudice against it amongst the clergy seems to be shown by the fact that in 1738, the year of his conversion, he preached in twenty-six different churches in London. It is true that when he began to insist upon a sensible assurance of pardon" in all cases of saving faith, his teaching was opposed and denounced as fanatical and dangerous; and he himself was hardly content unless he did stir up opposition. But when he and his brother, in the October of that year, had an interview with Bishop Gibson, the bishop shewed himself very unwilling to accept any challenge from them. He smoothed down their doctrine of assurance into something unobjectionable, and on Wesley's asking whether "religious societies were conventicles" the bishop answered, "I think not, but I determine nothing," and recommended them to read the acts on the subject for themselves. They requested that he would not receive any accusation against them but at the mouth of two or three witnesses, and he replied, "No, by no means; and you may have free access to me at all times."

But Wesley was now making it difficult for the clergy to invite or admit him into their pulpits. On the one hand, he was known to them as an Oxford scholar and as a High Churchman of rare and primitive devotion; but on the other hand, he

was proclaiming that he had just become thus suddenly transformed, vehemently

a Christian of a new and outlandish type, denouncing the Christianity by which he an enthusiastic disciple of a set of for- had acquired respect and honour in the eigners whom he himself in a very short Church, having done nothing as yet to time repudiated and denounced for their prove his sanity, but exhibiting many plain extravagances. The clergy might hear of symptoms of being over-excited, was not him and his associates spending the night so welcomed by the London clergy as to at a religious meeting till three in the be invited to preach, in the early part of morning, and then falling prostrate, and 1739, in more than four of the London shouting forth praises to God; of their churches. This want of confidence on the habitually casting lots to find out what it part of the parochial clergy is now thus renwas the divine will that they should do; dered: "Priests and their parasites gagged of their affirming that the change which him in the metropolis." The newspapers was to make any one a child of God not of the day were relating, for the encour only took place in most cases suddenly, agement of the clergy, how Whitefield but might be produced in sleep. They had allowed himself to be pushed by a might learn that Wesley, at the end of the crowd into the pulpit of St. Margaret's, year 1738, had drawn up the following set Westminster, and had preached in defiof questions for the Moravian "band so-ance of the rector and churchwardens; cieties," to be asked of every member at and how Charles Wesley, having been rethe weekly meeting: "What known sins fused permission to preach in Bloomshave you committed since our last meet- bury Church, had been active enough to ing? What temptations have you met secure the pulpit before the incumbent, with? How were you delivered? What who had intended to preach himself, and have you thought, said, or done, of which who sat astonished below. At this very you doubt whether it be sin or not? Have time interviews took place between the you nothing you desire to keep secret?" Wesleys and the higher dignitaries of the Wesley's language, after becoming a dis- Church, of which an account is given by ciple of Peter Böhler, did, as we know, Charles Wesley in his journal. On the "shock" some of his most religious and 21st February he and his brother called warm-hearted friends his brother on Archbishop Potter, who had previously Charles, Broughton, Hervey, and others. been bishop of Oxford. The archbishop Already revivalist scenes and miraculous shewed them great affection: spoke mildcures were beginning to be talked of. In ly of Whitefield; cautioned them to give March, 1739, Wesley was in a house at no more umbrage than necessary, to forOxford, arguing about justification: bear exceptional phrases, and to keep to the doctrines of the Church. They told him they expected persecution, but would abide by the Church till her articles and homilies were repealed. They then went on to see the bishop of London, who denied that he had condemned them or even heard much about them. Whitefield's journal, he said, was tainted with enthusiasm, though Whitefield himself was a pious, well-meaning youth. He warned them against antinomianism and dismissed them kindly.

In the midst of the dispute the writes] James Mears's wife began to be in pain. I prayed with her when Mr. Washington was gone, and then we went down to sister Thomas's. In the way Mrs. Mears's agony so increased that she could not avoid crying out aloud in the street. With much difficulty we got her to Mrs. Shrieve's, when God heard us and sent her [spiritual] deliverance. Presently, Mrs. Shrieve fell into a strange agony, both of body and mind; her teeth gnashed together, her knees smote each other, and her whole body trembled exceedingly. We prayed on; and within an hour the storm ceased, and she now enjoys a sweet calm.

*

On April 2nd in this year, Wesley, following the example of Whitefield, began out-door preaching. His position was

The indictment on Wesley's behalf against the bishops and clergy of the Wesley himself used the word "enthusiasm Church of England is that an evangelist one of reproach. It meant hot-headed fanaticism.

as