much better.

To Franklin, in the "Pennsylvania Gazette," we owe our first creditable newspaper, and the publication of the first German newspaper in America, the "Philadelphische Zeitung," begun in 1732, is also due to his enterprise. The "Pennsylvania Journal,” founded in 1742, by William Bradford the 3d, from the first, more independent in tone than the "Gazette," was much the best paper published at the time of the Revolution. The "Pennsylvania Chronicle," published from 1767 to 1773, was, however, in every respect, the best paper ever issued in the Province. Its editor, William Goddard, a man of some talent and great aggressiveness, was for a time in the receipt of aid from Joseph Galloway, Franklin and a number of writers of ability, in both America and England. The "Pennsylvania Packet," begun in 1771, became in 1785 the first daily paper printed in the United States. Sower's newspaper, begun in 1739, is said to have reached, about 1760, a circulation of eight thousand, and Henry Miller is believed to have been even more successful.

The first magazine which appeared in America-"The American Monthly Magazine "-came from the press of Andrew Bradford in February, 1741, but its appearance was due to John Webbe, its editor, rather than to its printer. "Ein Geistliches Magazien," begun by Sower in 1764, is believed to have been the first religious periodical published in America.

Among the educational publications may be mentioned the works of Bell and de Prefontaine on French, and the

German grammars printed by Armbruester in 1748, and Sower in 1751, and Christopher Dock's "Schul Ordnung." There are also several reprints of Latin, Greek, German and French Grammars, etc.

The Almanacs form a class of literature in themselves. Beginning with the very first issue of the press they continued to appear in ever increasing numbers until long after the end of the first century. A marked feature of these publications was the freedom of language, amounting, in many cases, to the broadest indecency, in which the prefaces, tales and verses were written.

The compiler is indebted to Messrs. Samuel W. Pennypacker, Horatio Gates Jones, Frederick D. Stone, Lloyd P. Smith, Henry Phillips, Jr., Charles G. Sower and Oswald Seidensticker, of Philadelphla; A. R. Spofford, of Washington; J. M. W. Lee, of Baltimore; Charles J. Little, of Harrisburg; William S. Stryker, of Trenton; Wilberforce Eames, William Kelby, Samuel S. Purple and Charles H. Kalbfleisch, of New York City; Lindsay Swift, of Boston, and Joseph Smith, of London, for valuable information and assistance promptly and courteously rendered.

Philadelphia, Oct. 16, 1885.

CHAS. R. HILDEBURN.

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF PRINTERS IN PENNSYLVANIA BEFORE 1785.

Publishers, whose names appear in the imprints of works described in the following pages, but who were never proprietors of a press, are included in this list and marked with an asterisk (*).

German grammars printed by Armbruester in 1748, and Sower in 1751, and Christopher Dock's "Schul Ordnung." There are also several reprints of Latin, Greek, German and French Grammars, etc.

The Almanacs form a class of literature in themselves. Beginning with the very first issue of the press they continued to appear in ever increasing numbers until long after the end of the first century. A marked feature of these publications was the freedom of language, amounting, in many cases, to the broadest indecency, in which the prefaces, tales and verses were written.

The compiler is indebted to Messrs. Samuel W. Pennypacker, Horatio Gates Jones, Frederick D. Stone, Lloyd P. Smith, Henry Phillips, Jr., Charles G. Sower and Oswald Seidensticker, of Philadelphla; A. R. Spofford, of Washington; J. M. W. Lee, of Baltimore; Charles J. Little, of Harrisburg; William S. Stryker, of Trenton; Wilberforce Eames, William Kelby, Samuel S. Purple and Charles H. Kalbfleisch, of New York City; Lindsay Swift, of Boston, and Joseph Smith, of London, for valuable information and assistance promptly and courteously rendered.

Philadelphia, Oct. 16, 1885.

CHAS. R. HILDEBURN.

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF PRINTERS IN PENNSYLVANIA BEFORE 1785.

Publishers, whose names appear in the imprints of works described in the following pages, but who were never proprietors of a press, are included in this list and marked with an asterisk (*).