SCENE III.

The same.

Enter ANTIPHOLUS of Syracuse.

ANT. S. There's not a man I meet, but doth salute me1

As if I were their well acquainted friend';
And every one doth call me by my name.
Some tender money to me, some invite me;
Some other give me thanks for kindnesses;
Some offer me commodities to buy ;
Even now a tailor call'd me in his shop,
And show'd me silks that he had bought for me,
And, therewithal, took measure of my body.
Sure, these are but imaginary wiles,
And Lapland sorcerers inhabit here.

Enter DROMIO of Syracuse.

DRO. S. Master, here's the gold you sent me for:

4 There's not a man I meet, but doth salute me-] This actually happened in the case of Sir Henry Wotton, when he was on his travels, about the time this play appears to have been written. See his letter to Lord Zouch, July 10, 1592. Reliquiæ Wotton, p. 676, edit. 1685. MALONE.

5 There's not A MAN I meet, but doth salute me

As if I were THEIR well acquainted friend;] So the old copy; and certainly it is exhibited as the author wrote the passage. We should now write-his well acquainted friend. But many men being comprised under the general words of the preceding line, the poet, writing the language of familiar life, makes the personal pronoun refer to what is implied rather than expressed.

This note is written merely to repress the propensity which has prevailed of late, of reducing the language of Shakspeare to that of the present day. MALONE.

What, have you got rid of the picture of old Adam new apparell'd' ?

ANT. S. What gold is this? What Adam dost thou mean?

DRO. S. Not that Adam, that kept the paradise, but that Adam, that keeps the prison: he that goes in the calf's-skin that was kill'd for the prodigal; he that came behind you, sir, like an evil angel, and bid you forsake your liberty.

ANT. S. I understand thee not.

DRO. S. No? why, 'tis a plain case: he that

:

6 What, have you got the picture of old Adam new apparell❜d?] A short word or two must have slipt out here, by some accident, in copying, or at press; otherwise I have no conception of the meaning of the passage. The case is this. Dromio's master had been arrested, and sent his servant home for money to redeem him he running back with the money, meets the twin Antipholus, whom he mistakes for his master, and seeing him clear of the officer before the money was come, he cries, in a surprize-What, have you got rid of the picture of old Adam new apparell'd? For so I have ventured to supply, by conjecture. But why is the officer call'd old Adam new apparell'd? The allusion is to Adam in his state of innocence going naked; and immediately after the fall being cloath'd in a frock of skins. Thus he was new apparell'd: and in like manner, the serjeants of the Counter were formerly clad in buff, or calf's-skin, as the author humorously a little lower calls it. THEOBALD.

The explanation is very good, but the text does not require to be amended. JOHNSON.

I wish Dr. Johnson had shewn us how the text is intelligible without any emendation. For my part, I think Theobald's emendation absolutely necessary. I adopt it the more willingly, because I know that omission is one of the most common errours of the press. MALONE.

These jests on Adam's dress are common among our old writers. So, in King Edward III. 1599:

"The register of all varieties
"Since leathern Adam, to this

younger hour."

Again, in Philip Stubbe's Anatomie of Abuses, 8vo. 1583: "Did the Lorde clothe our first parents in leather, as not hauing any thyng more precious to attire them withall," &c. STEEVENS.

went like a base-viol, in a case of leather; the man, sir, that, when gentlemen are tired, gives them a fob *, and 'rests them; he, sir, that takes pity on decayed men, and gives them suits of durance; he that sets up his rest to do more exploits with his mace, than a morris-pike 7.

* First folio, sob.

7 - he that SETS UP HIS REST to do more exploits with his mace, than a MORRIS-PIKE.] Sets up his rest, is a phrase taken from military exercise. When gunpowder was first invented, its force was very weak, compared to that in present use. This necessarily required fire-arms to be of an extraordinary length. As the artists improved the strength of their powder, the soldiers proportionably shortened their arms and artillery; so that the cannon which Froissart tells us was once fifty feet long, was contracted to less than ten. This proportion likewise held in their muskets; so that, till the middle of the last century, the musketeers always supported their pieces, when they gave fire, with a rest stuck before them into the ground, which they called setting up their rest, and is here alluded to. There is another quibbling allusion too to the serjeant's office of arresting. But what most wants animadversion is the morris-pike, which is without meaning, impertinent to the sense, and false in the allusion: no pike being used amongst the dancers so called, or at least not famed for much execution. In a word, Shakspeare wrote

a Maurice-pike.

i. e. a pikeman of Prince Maurice's army. He was the greatest general of that age, and the conductor of the Low-country wars against Spain, under whom all the English gentry and nobility were bred to the service. Hence the pikes of his army became famous for their military exploits. WARBURTON.

This conjecture is very ingenious, yet the commentator talks unnecessarily of the rest of a musket, by which he makes the hero of the speech set up the rest of a musket to do exploits with a pike. The rest of a pike was a common term, and signified, I believe, the manner in which it was fixed to receive the rush of the enemy. A morris-pike was a pike used in a morris or a military dance, and with which great exploits were done, that is, great feats of dexterity were shown. There is no need of change.

JOHNSON.

A morris-pike is mentioned by the old writers as a formidable weapon; and therefore Dr. Warburton's notion is deficient in first principles. Morespikes (says Langley, in his translation

66

ANT. S. What! thou mean'st an officer?

DRO. S. Ay, sir, the serjeant of the band; he, that brings any man to answer it, that breaks his band; one that thinks a man always going to bed, and says, God give you good rest!

of Polydore Virgil,) were used first in the siege of Capua." And in Reynard's Deliverance of certain Christians from the Turks, "the English mariners laid about them with brown bills, halberts, and morrice-pikes." FARMER.

Polydore Virgil does not mention morris-pikes at the siege of Capua, though Langley's translation of him advances their antiquity so high.

Morris-pikes, or the pikes of the Moors, were excellent formerly; and since, the Spanish pikes have been equally famous. See Hartlib's Legacy, p. 48. TOLLET.

The mention of morris-pikes is frequent among our old writers. So, in Heywood's King Edward IV. 1626:

"Of the French were beaten down

Again, in Holinshed, p. 816: "they entered the gallies again with moris pikes and fought," &c. STEEVENS.

There is, I believe, no authority for Dr. Johnson's assertion, that the morris-pike was used in the morris-dance. Swords were sometimes used upon that occasion. It certainly means the Moorish-pike, which was very common in the 16th century. See Grose's History of the English Army, vol. i. p. 135. DOUCE.

The phrase he that sets up his rest, in this instance, signifies only, I believe," he that trusts"-is confident in his expectation. Thus, Bacon: " Sea-fights have been final to the war, but this is, when Princes set up their rest upon the battle." Again, Clarendon: "They therefore resolved to set up their rest upon that stake, and to go through with it, or perish." This figure of speech is certainly derived from the rest which Dr. Warburton has described, as that was the only kind of rest which was ever set up. HENLEY.

Unquestionably, to set up his rest, means, in a metaphorical sense, to be firmly resolved; to be fixed and determined in his purpose, whether to do or suffer. The only question is, concerning the origin of the phrase. In the passage before us it is fairly traced to the rest of the pike; but in most instances, as Mr. Reed has justly observed, (in a note on Romeo and Juliet, Act V. Sc. III.) it has a reference to the game of Primero, at which game "to set up his rest' was a common expression. In the passage quoted above from Clarendon, the word stake shews that there the allusion is to the game at cards. MALONE,

ANT. S. Well, sir, there rest in your foolery. Is there any ship puts forth to-night? may we be gone?

DRO. S. Why, sir, I brought you word an hour since, that the bark Expedition put forth to-night; and then were you hindered by the serjeant, to tarry for the Hoy Delay: Here are the angels that you sent for to deliver you.

ANT. S. The fellow is distract, and so am I;

And here we wander in illusions:

Some blessed power deliver us from hence!

Enter a Courtezan.

COUR. Well met, well met, master Antipholus. I see, sir, you have found the goldsmith now: Is that the chain, you promis'd me to-day?

ANT. S. Satan, avoid! I charge thee, tempt me not!

DRO. S. Master, is this mistress Satan?

ANT. S. It is the devil.

DRO. S. Nay, she is worse, she's the devil's dam; and here she comes in the habit of a light wench : and thereof comes, that the wenches say, God damn me, that's as much as to say, God make me a light wench. It is written, they appear to men like angels of light light is an effect of fire, and fire will burn; ergo, light wenches will burn; Come not near her.

COUR. Your man and you are marvellous merry, sir.

Will you go with me? We'll mend our dinner here R. DRO. S. Master, if you do, expect spoon-meat, or bespeak a long spoon

8 We'll mend our dinner HERE.] i. e. by purchasing something additional in the adjoining market. MALONE.

9

-

if you do, expect spoon-meat, or bespeak a long spoon.] In the old copy you is accidentally omitted. It was supplied by the editor of the second folio. I believe some other words were passed