Strength of the wood may be increased or diminished....
Resinous and non-resinous trees require different treatment
Inflammability and combustibility of wood reduced by impregnation with foreign sub-
III.-DYEING AND CALICO-PRINTING.
Dyeing a chemical art.-Object of dyeing.....
Progress of dyeing in Europe affected by the invasion of the Northern barbarians in
the 5th century.-The art did not revive until the 12th or 13th century.-Flor-
entine dyers
Progress of the art affected by the discovery of America.-Application of a salt of
tin.-Use of logwood and indigo prohibited.-Madder introduced.—Application
of mineral colors.-Turkey red..
Proficiency of the ancients in topical dyeing.—Variegated linen cloths of Sidon.—
Derivation of the term calico-printing. Pliny's account of the Egyptian process
of topical dyeing.-Pallampoors.-Topical dyeing in Mexico
Progress of calico-printing in Europe.-Printed cottons and linens of Augsburg.-
First print-ground in England.-Calico-printing favored by the prohibition of the
importation of chintzes.-Duty imposed on printed calicos.-Wearing of all print-
ed calicos prohibited in 1720.-A mixed fabric of linen and cotton was allowed
to be printed in 1730, and the uniform cotton fabric in 1774.-Duty of three-
pence-halfpenny per square yard repealed in 1831...
Mechanical improvements in calico-printing.-A copper-plate the first improvement
on the wooden hand printing block.-Invention of cylinder or roller printing.-
Capabilities of cylinder printing.-Surface printing.-Mule machine.-Press ma-
chine
Chemists who investigated the principles of dyeing during the last century.-Appli-
cation of chlorine for bleaching.-Introduction of mineral colors.-Antimony, or-
ange, and manganese bronze first introduced by Mr. Mercer, and the two chro-
mates of lead by M. Koechlin....
Action of chlorine, chromic acid, and sulphurous acid, on organic coloring matters.
-Animal charcoal.-Several coloring matters are oxides of colorless radicals.-
Deoxidizing agents.-Other coloring matters form colorless hydrurets ....
Coloring matters attach themselves to tissues.-Divisions of coloring matters into
two classes.-Mode of applying members of each class to tissues...
Nature of color......