papers in existence, and consequently the only newspaper references to Fifth Monarchy men and Baptists during that time are such as served the government's purpose. From the middle of May till the middle of August, 1659, however, these papers were edited by a Fifth Monarchy Baptist, who later had a hand in the two papers, Particular Advice and Perfect Occurrences. Rugge's Diurnall supplements the newspapers for the period immediately preceding the Restoration, but adds little of value for us. Much useful information regarding the newspapers is contained in Williams's History of English Journalism, but its value is seriously impaired by the ultra-royalist prejudices of its author. From the contemporary historians and memoir writers little can be gleaned concerning our sectaries. The republican Ludlow, though he had many friends among the Baptists, had little interest in them as a political factor. Though Mrs. Hutchinson and her husband were both Baptists, she is singularly dumb regarding her co-religionists, except for two slighting references. Clarendon has the Royalist aloofness, and when he does mention Anabaptists confounds them with Levellers and Quakers. Phillips, Bate, and Heath trouble very little about them. The theological writers of the period persisted in imputing to their fellowcountrymen the practices attributed by Bullinger and other Continental historians to Anabaptists, and after reading Edwards' Gangraena, Blome's Fanatick History, the Relation of several Heresies, or the Short History of the Anabaptists of High and Low Germany, one does not wonder that it took little to make the average Englishman wake at night with the fear of an Anabaptist knife at his throat. The first place among the secondary authorities belongs, of course, to Samuel Rawson Gardiner, the exhaustiveness of whose researches in all fields makes the work of the gleaner a somewhat thankless one. The continuation of the work left incomplete by his death, down to the last days of Oliver's Protectorate, has been done by the man who, next to Gardiner, was best fitted for the task. It is true that the interest of Professor Firth is rather in political and military than in religious history, but his apparently unlimited knowledge of all the parties and personages of the times renders his work of inestimable value. Masson's Life of Milton has charm of style in addition to its many other admirable qualities, and Godwin's work is still useful on account of his intimate acquaintance with the pamphlet literature. The work of Ranke is misleading on our special subject unless it is constantly borne in mind that he uses the term Anabaptist to cover all advanced phases of Independency; and Guizot's knowledge of the sectaries was vague. Among special studies, Rogers's Some Account of the Life and Opinions of a Fifth Monarchy Man is careful and accurate on the whole; Glass's monograph on the Barbone Parliament is fruitful of information, though irritating because of insufficiently specific references. Simpkinson's Thomas Harrison is notable for this fault, and is every way inferior to the briefer biography by Professor Firth. Of the church histories, Dr. Shaw's is practically the only one unmarred by theological bias, and unfortunately he leaves the sectaries severely alone. For one who has the courage to struggle through the bewildering medley of document and comment for which Hanbury is responsible, there is some reward. The work of Neale is painstaking to a degree, as is that of Stoughton. Among purely Baptist histories, the monumental work of Crosby is still without a rival. It is based on the study of manuscript material, much of which is no longer available, and the author makes an heroic effort after impartiality, but without conspicuous success. Ivimey leans heavily on Crosby, and Evans on both, but neither seems to have emulated his attempt to be fair. Ivimey quotes freely from the Thurloe Papers, but shows no hesitation in picking out a favorable sentence from a mass of hostile context, in triumphant vindication of the party therein attacked. As a corrective, we have Lewis's steady refusal to see anything good in Anabaptism or Anabaptists. The copy of his work in the Bodleian, interleaved with additions for a later edition, and the accompanying collections, contain information, but it must be used with caution. Wilson, in his Dissenting Churches, seems to have been content to found his statements on Crosby. Little can be said for the later Baptist historians, though there is an occasional exception, such as Culross, who in his Hanserd Knollys endeavors to use all the sources. The recent studies of the churches in various localities, too, usually represent painstaking research. Barclay's Inner Life, from the Friends' standpoint, represents much research, but abounds in inaccuracies. Weingarten's admirable work is a model, and worthy of all emulation for impartiality, accuracy, and erudition. The pages devoted to our subject by Gooch are extremely well done, and his whole study is most suggestive for our purpose. BIBLIOGRAPHY. I. SOURCES. A. MANUSCRIPT. I. COLLECTIONS. Baxter, Richard, Correspondence, 6 vols., Dr. Williams Library, Gordon Square, London. Birch Collection (Additional MSS., 4101-4478), British Mu seum. Bordeaux Letters (transcripts), Public Record Office, London (cited as P. R. O. Transcripts); Harleian MSS., 45464549, British Museum. Carte MSS., Bodleian Library. Clarke MSS., 27, 50, Worcester College Library, Oxford. Cromwell, Henry, Correspondence (Lansdowne MSS., 821823), British Museum. Pell Papers (Lansdowne MSS., 745-755), British Museum. Swarthmore Letters, Friends' Library, Devonshire Square, London. Tanner MSS., Bodleian Library. Thurloe Papers (Rawlinson MSS., A 1-73), Bodleian Library. 2. SINGLE WORKS. Book of the Acts and other Businesses of the Church [in Lothbury], (Rawlinson MSS., D 828), Bodleian Library. Register Book of the Congregations of Jesus Christ in and about Speldhurst and Ponsonby in Kent (Additional MSS., 36,709), British Museum. Registers of Dissenting Churches, Somerset House, London. Rugge, Thomas, Diurnall (Additional MSS., 11,116), British Museum. B. PRINTED. I. COLLECTIONS. Baillie, Robert, Letters and Journals, 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1775. Calendars of State Papers, Domestic, 1652-1660, 9 vols. Carte, T., Collection of Original Letters and Pape 1660, 2 vols., London, 1739. Clarendon Papers, Calendar, by W. D. Macray, C Clarendon State Papers, 3 vols., Oxford, 1767-1786 Clarke Papers, edited by C. H. Firth (Camden So III, IV) Royal Hist. Soc.), 4 vols., 1891-1901. Commons, House of, Journals. Congregational Historical Society, Transactions, L 1907. Cromwell, Oliver, Letters and Speeches, Carlyle edited by Mrs. S. C. Lomas, 3 vols., London, I Cromwell, Oliver, Speeches, edited by C. L. Stai 1901. Grey, Zachary, appendix of documents in his Ex .. Daniel Neal's History of the Puritans, 3 v 1736-1739. Hanserd Knollys Society, Publications, London, Harleian Miscellany, 10 vols., London, 1808-1813. Historical MSS. Commission, Reports. Jones, John, Correspondence (Lancashire and C torical Soc.), 1860-1861. Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections. Nicholas Papers (Camden Soc.), 3 vols., 1886-189 Nickolls, John, Original Letters and Papers of Sta to Oliver Cromwell . . . Found among the lections of Mr. John Milton, London, 174 Nickolls). Peck, Francis, Desiderata Curiosa, London, 1779. Scotland and the Protectorate, edited by C. H. Fir Historical Soc.), Edinburgh, 1899. Somers, John, Collection of scarce and valuable tra London, 1809-1815. Thurloe, John, A Collection of State Papers, edited Birch, 7 vols., London, 1742 (referred to as Vaughan, Robert, The Protectorate of Oliver Crom tions from the Pell correspondence), 2 vols., L Whitley, W. T., ed., Minutes of the General Asse General Baptist Churches in England, w |