correctly, the Karaites, are, in their customs and mode of living, Tartars; in their religion, Jews, genuine Jews, who have preserved the Mosaic law among them in greater purity than any other tribe. Since the fourth century a portion of the Jews have rejected the Talmud; but it was only in the eighth century that this led to a formal separation of the sects. The Karaites, under Aaron and Saul, declared off from the Rabbinists; but their sect remained small; and they are estimated in Europe and Asia at only 4430.* They reject the Kabbala and the Talmud; and observe the Sabbath still more strictly than the Rabbinic Jews. At the same time, they are more cleanly, more domestic, and more industrious than the latter; they daily descend from their nests, wander into Baghtchisarai, follow there traffic or trades, and return at night through wind and storm back to their nests. Zion and Jehoshaphat,† the enjoyments of life and the hopes of the grave, all centre for them upon this naked rock."

IV. Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament.

The Editor would take this opportunity of accounting to the public for any apparent delay in the publication of the above. named work, and also of making known some of the principles on which the preparation of it is conducted.

The work as first published in 1825, was, as it professed to be, mostly a translation of the first edition of Wahl's 'Clavis Philologica;' although several of the more important articles were rewritten, and the whole sedulously revised. It was the first attempt of Wahl; it was also the first labour of the translator; the lexicons of Bretschneider and Passow were not then accessible. Since that time the labours of eminent men abroad have been given to this subject; while the lexicography of the Greek language in general has received a new form from the hand of Passow. After the lapse of nine years, too, spent in this and kindred studies at home and abroad, and with free access to all the earlier stores as well as to what has recently appeared in this department, the Editor hopes that he himself may be in a better situation to make a work adapted to the present state of science and to the wants of our theologians, than before. It was his first hope, that a mere revision might suffice; so that the new Comp. p. 673 above. † Comp. p. 669 above.

edition might have appeared before the present time. But on examination, he has found it necessary to write the whole anew, on a plan more comprehensive than any of the existing lexicons; and combining in all cases a reference to both the elements of which the New Testament idiom is composed, the common dialect or later Greek on the one hand, and the Jewish or Hebrew influence on the other. The work is now in press, and is proceeding with all the rapidity which such an undertaking permits; but the writer will rejoice, if, by the blessing of God, he shall be able to complete it in another year. It is and will be the object of his daily, though not ungrateful toil; and not improbably may, under God, become the chief labour of his life. The number of pages will be very considerably enlarged; but, it is hoped, that no increase of price will be necessary.

The work was commenced, and has thus far been constructed, upon the general principles exemplified in the lexicons of Gesenius and Passow, so far as they are applicable to the New Testament. The following are some of the points of special

attention:

1. To exhibit the etymology of every word, and assign its primary signification, whether found in the N. T. or not; then, to deduce from this, in logical order, all the significations which occur in the N. T. but not others.

2. To keep ever in view the difference between signification and sense; and to shew in each case whether the apparent meaning of a word arises from itself, or from the influence of the adjuncts. In this way, the multiplicity of meanings given by Schleusner and other lexicographers, is greatly diminished.

3. To shew by proper illustrations and references, in what relation each word stands to the Attic and later Greek, and also to the Sept. and Hebrew; and whether it is common to all or any of these, or found in none. A purely historical mode of illustration is, of course, not adapted to the New Testament.

4. To shew particularly the force and power of the prepositions in composition; a point hitherto almost wholly overlooked.

5. To give in every instance the various construction of verbs, adjectives, etc. with their cases and other adjuncts. Unusual or difficult constructions, also, are every where noted and explained.

6. To exhibit, so far as is proper in a lexicon, the various forms and inflexions of words,-and particularly any variety or irregularity of form.

7. To make each article, so far as practicable, include a re

ference to every passage of the New Testament where the word is found. In this way the lexicon becomes almost a complete New Testament Concordance.

8. To bestow upon the interpretation of difficult passages all the attention which the limits of a lexicon permit; that thus it may in a measure supply the place of a more extended commentary upon the New Testament.

Such is the plan of the work. How far the author may be able to succeed in it, will belong to the theological public to judge.

V. Miscellaneous.

The Leipzig semi-annual Book-Catalogue of July 1, 1834, gives the titles of the following works as published in the first half of the present year.

1. BIBLIA HEBRAICA, ex recensione Hahnii expressa. Praefatus est E. F. C. Rosenmueller. Editio Stereotypa. Lips. Tauchnitz, large 12mo. Pr. 2 rixd. This is a corrected reprint of Hahn's Hebrew Bible, in a smaller form.

2. On Isaiah we find the following works: HITZIG, F. Der Prophet Jesaja, übersetzt und ausgelegt, pp. 680. ROSENMUELLER, Scholia in V. Test. P. III. Vol. III. Etiam sub tit. Jesajae Vatic. annot. perpet. illustr. Vol. III. ed. 3. This last is a new edition of Rosenmueller's third Vol. on Isaiah in his large work. It is not the Compend, or smaller work.

3. The Epistle to the Romans is also the fruitful source of commentary: JAEGER, C. F. H. Der Lehrgehalt des RömerBriefs entwickelt, pp. 80. Tübingen. REICHE, Prof. in Göttingen, Versuch einer ausführlichen Erklärung des Briefes Pauli an die Römer, mit historischen Einleitungen und exegetischdogmatischen Excursen. 2 Bde. Price 4 rixd.

4. The Epistle to the Ephesians seems likewise at present to be the object of special attention in Germany, no less than three new commentaries upon it being announced, viz. HolzHAUSEN, Der Brief an die Epheser übersetzt und erklärt, pp. 220. 8vo. MATTHIES Erklärung des Briefes Pauli an die Epheser, pp. 200. 8vo. RÜCKERT L. F. Der Brief Pauli an die Epheser erläutert und vertheidigt, pp. 312. 8vo.

5. KALKAR C. H. de Cantico Deborae, Jud. V. pp. 108. 8vo.

6. OLSHAUSEN Prof. H. (Königsb.) Wort der Verständigung über die Stellung des Evangeliums zu unserer Zeit, pp. 24.

8vo.

7. OLSHAUSEN Prof. J. (Kiel,) Zur Topographie des alten Jerusalem, pp. 84. 8vo.

8. ORIGINIS Opera Omnia, ed. De La Rue, denuo rec. C. H. E. Lommatzsch, Tom. I-III. Berl.

9. RHEINWALD, Prof. De pseudodoctoribus Colossensibus, Comm. exegetico-hist. pp. 20. 4to.

10. SCHNECKENBURGER M. Ueber den Ursprung des ersten kanonischen Evangeliums; pp. 176. 8vo. Stuttg.

11. SCHNEIDER P. J. Biblisch-geschichtliche Darstellung der Hebräischen Musik, pp. 120. 8vo. Bonn.

12. SCHOTT und WINZER, Commentarii in Epistolas N. T. Vol. I.-Etiam sub titulo, Epist. Pauli ad Thess. et Gal. comment. perpet, illustr. H. A. Schott, pp. 632, 8vo. Leipz.

13. Freytag, G. W. Lexicon Arabico-Latinum, Tom. III. Sect. 1. i. e. the first part of the last volume.-Also, Chrestomathia Arabica grammatica-historica in usum schol. ex codicis ineditis conscripta. pp. 221. 8vo. Bonn.

14. GESENIUS, de Bar Alio et Bar Bahlulo, lexicographis Syro-Arabicis ineditis. pp. 68. 4to.-The eleventh edition of his small Hebrew Grammar has also appeared.

15. A second edition of VON HAMMER'S great work, 'Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches,' is also in progress.

16. RITTER C. Ueber das historische Element in der geographischer Wissenschaft, pp. 60. 4to. Berl.

17. ROST V. C. F. Kleine Grammatik des Attischen Dialects, pp. 288. 8vo. Götting.

18. SCHMIDT J. J. Grammatik der Mongolischen Sprache, pp. 384. 8vo. St. Petersb. This writer is the celebrated oriental, or rather Mongol scholar, mentioned on p. 386 of this vol

ume.

19. STEBOLD, P. F. Nippon, Archiv zur Beschreibung von Japan, etc. (2 Numbers and Atlas.) pp. 600. fol. Price 17 rixd. This is the commencement of the great work descriptive of Japan which we have already noticed, Bibl. Repos. III. p. 760.

20. Suidae Lexicon, post Küsterum rec. TH. GAISFORD

S. T. P. III Tom. Fol. Oxon. Lond. et Lips. Pr. 61 rixd.614 The edition by Bernhardy of Halle, in 2 vols. quarto, is in progress.

21. The third Volume or Section of NEANDER'S Kirchengeschichte' is in press, comprising the period from A. D. 510 to A. D. 813, in one part or volume.-His 'History of the Apostolic Age,' is announced as being in a course of translation in England.

ART. VII. FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

In closing, as we here do, our editorial labours, we are happy in being able to lay before our readers the subjoined extracts of letters from Christian friends abroad. The excellent catholic spirit which they breathe, will, we doubt not, be responded to in full by the American churches. To the Editor himself, also, it cannot but be gratifying to learn, by such a voice from a remote quarter of the globe, that his own labours have not been wholly in vain.-ED.

I. Extracts from a letter to the Editor from the REV. W. H. PEARCE, Member of the English Baptist Mission at Cal

cutta.

MY DEAR SIR,

CALCUTTA, 26th March, 1834.

To a benevolent mind nothing can be more grateful than the conviction, that its labours are extensively beneficial. Under this impression, you will bear with pleasure that on the shores of the sacred Ganges, and by Missionaries of another denomination and of a different nation, your labours as Editor of the Biblical Repository are known and appreciated. Having sometime since procured, through an unknown but valued friend, all the numbers of this work as far as published, I have felt in it a great degree of interest. The design and the execution cannot but commend themselves to every biblical student; while the work is peculiarly valuable to Missionaries like ourselves engaged in preparing translations of the sacred oracles for the use of