making a difference of about 24 G. miles in favour of the land-route over the river-route. And the comparisons thus instituted would produce results slightly different from what we have admitted, but we have endeavoured to appreciate the amount of error in each portion of the journey, in obtaining our comparisons, and not in the gross amount, which would bring all the errors to culminate upon one point, when it is evident that they must be distributed throughout the whole. The coincidence of distance between the Araxes and Corsote, and the Khábúr and Irzah, is remarkable; and if we take the distances given from Corsote to Pyle, they would place the gates at 8 miles north of Felújah, leaving 102 miles (8 to Felújah +94 to Babylon) to Babylon, while, according to the distances given by Xenophon, it would be 108 miles from the Pyla to Babylon, a difference of only 6 miles upon upwards of 100, but which we have entirely done away with, by putting the error to the account of the journey from Corsote to Pyle, which at fourteen miles north of Felújah would be by river 264 miles from Corsote, instead of 270, as given by Xenophon.

No. II.

TABULAR VIEW OF THE DATES OF THE

PRINCIPAL TRANSACTIONS.

Marches.

Parasangs.

Geo. Miles.

References and Authorities.

Herodotus, i. c. 101. Polybius, v. c. 77. Strabo, xiii. p. 430. Cicero de Senectute, c. 17. Livius, 37, c. 24. Horatius, i. Epist. 2. Ovidius, vi. Metamorph. 137. Plinius, v. c. 29. Cellarius, p. 125. Rennell's Illustrations of the Expedition of Cyrus, &c. p. 19. W. J. Hamilton, Researches in Asia Minor, &c. vol. i. p. 144; vol. ii. p. 378. Travels in the Track of the Ten Thousand, p. 8, &c.

Herodotus, vii. c. 26. Livius, 38. c. 13. Ovidius, 8. Meta. v. 162. Seneca, Hercule Furente, v. 683. Maximus Tyrius, Dissertat. 38. Cellarius, pp. 83. 158. Ren nell, p. 21. Hamilton (Op. cit.), vol. i. pp. 113, 124, 496, 525; vol. ii. pp. 161, 366. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 6, 13, &c.

Herodotus, vii. c. 30. Strabo, lib. 12. Quintus Curtius, 3. c. 1. Plinius, 2. c. 103. Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Colossians. Salmasius in Solin, p. 582. Carolus de S. Paulo Geo. Sac. p. 241. Curopalates (Excerpta ex Breviano Hist. J. Scylitza Curopalatæ, in G. Cedreni Compend. Historiarum, vol. ii. p. 834. Parisiis, 1647.) Cellarius, p. 152. Rennell, p. 21. Arundel, Seven Churches of Asia Minor, p. 92. Hamilton, vol. i. p. 508; vol. ii. p. 58. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 13, 17, 18, &c.

Herodotus, vii. c. 26. Strabo, xii. p. 578. Livius, 38. c. 13. Plinius, v. c. 29. Tacitus, xii. c. 58. Arrianus, i. c. 29. Maximus Tyrius, Diss. 38. Salmasius in Solin, p. 587. Cellarius, p. 157. Rennell, p. 23. Leake, Tour in Asia Minor, p. 158. Cramer's Asia Minor, vol. ii. p. 50. Hamilton, vol. i. pp. 499, 505; vol. ii. p. 366. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 18, 19, 20, 21.

Livius, 37. c. 56. Plinius, v. 32. Rennell, p. 28. Hamilton, vol. ii. p. 203. Travels in the Track, &c. p. 26.

Rennell, p. 31. Leake (Op. cit.), p. 60. Hamilton, vol. ii. p. 203. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 26, 27.

Plinius, v. c. 27. Anna Comnena, xv. c. 7. 13. Rennell, p. 26. Hamilton, vol. ii. p. 200. Ainsworth, vol. ii. p. 64. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 29, 33, 37.

Strabo. Cicero, Epist. ad Attic. Plinius, &c. in Cellarius, p. 201. Ptolemæus, v. c. 6. Acts of the Apostles, xiii. 51; xiv. 1. Historia Apostolorum, c. 14, p. 1. Rennell, pp. 26, 34. Hamilton, vol. ii. pp. 196, 200. Cramer, (Op. cit.), vol. ii. p. 65. Ainsworth, vol. ii. p. 65. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 27, 35, 38.

Rennell, p. 37. Hamilton, vol. ii. p. 322. Travels in the Track, &c. p. 40.

23.

Strabo, 12. p. 370. Ovidius, 8 Meta. v. 721. Ammianus Marcellinus, 23. c. 6, and c. 19. Flavius Vopiscus, c. 22 and Sozomenus, 6. c. 12. Philostratus vita Apollon. 1. c. 6. Pseudo-Aristot. Mirab. Auscult. p. 163. Cellarius, p. 344. Rennell, p. 37. Hamilton, vol. ii. p. 200 and 300. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, p. 242 and 380. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 40, 43.

Callisthenes in Polybii fragmentis, 12. c. 8. Strabo, xii. p. 370. Cicero, 5. ad Attic. Epist. 20. Plinius, v. c. 27. Arrianus, 2. Quintus Curtius, 3. c. 4. Cellarius, p. 262. Ainsworth, Travels, &c. vol. ii. p. 71, et seq.; also Notes on the Comparative Geography of the Cilician and Syrian Gates; Journ. of Royal Geog. Society, vol. viii. part 2. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 40, 52.

Strabo, xiv. p. 463. &c. Cicero, 5. ad Attic. Epist. 20. Avienus (in Patæ Latini Minores of Wernsdorf), vers. 1031. Lucanus, iii. vers. 225. Plinius, 5. c. 27. Arrian. 2. p. 89. Acts of the Apostles, xxi. 39; xxii. 3, &c. Pomponius Mela, 1. c. 13. Solinus, c. 38. Dio Cassius, xlvii. p. 342. Quintus Curtius, 3. c. 5. Albertus Aquensis, 3. c. 14. Cellarius, p. 252. Rennell, p. 44. Ainsworth, vol. ii. p. 83. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 40, 45, 47, 49.

Strabo, xii. p. 369. Livius, 33. c. 41. Plinius, 6. c. 3. Appianus Alexandrinus, Syriacis, p. 144. edit. Toll. Zonaras in Nicephoro Phocâ, p. 161. Cedrenus, p. 540. edit. Basil. Cellarius, p. 244. Rennell, p. 48. Ainsworth, vol. i. p. 235; vol. ii. p. 87. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 45, 46, 51, 56.

Strabo, xiv. pp. 464, 465. Plinius, v. c. 27. Arrianus, ií. p. 92. Quintus Curtius, 3. c. 4. and 7. Mela Pomponius, 1. c. 13. Procopius de Edificiis, 5. c. 5. Jehán Numá, p. 602. Otter, Voyages,' vol. i. p. 71. Rennell, p. 48. Ainsworth, vol. ii. p. 88. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 46, 52.

Diodorus Siculus, 17. c. 32. Strabo, xiv. p. 465. Plinius, v. c. 27. Plutarch, vitâ Alexandri, p. 675. Ptolemy, 5. c. 15. Arrianus, xi. pp. 94, 95. Quintus Curtius, 3. c. 8. Cellarius, p. 249. Rennell, p. 48. Ainsworth, vol. ii. p. 91. Travels in the Track, &c. pp. 48, 53.