The Out or Extraordinary Penfioners are more numerous, and these upon occafion do Duty in the several Garrisons, from whence Draughts are made for the Army, &c.

The Penfioners have all Red Coats lined with Blue, and are provided with all other Cloaths, Linnen and Wollen, plentiful Diet, neat clean Lodging, Washing, Fire, and one Day's Pay in every Week for fpending Money.

The Qualification to be admitted of this Society, is, That each one must first bring a Certificate from their Superior Officer, that he hath been maimed and difabled in the Service of the Crown; or else that he hath ferved the Crown twenty Years, which must appear by Mufter-Rolls.

For the Government of this Royal Foundation, there are appointed proper Officers; a Lift of which fee at the clofe of this Work.

They have all fair Lodgings, and fuitable Diet in the Hall. Moreover there are feveral other Officers, or Servants, as Cooks, Butlers, Bakers, Sexton, Ufher, Porters, Women, Houfe-keepers, Matrons, 24 who have all Diet in the Hofpital. There are alfo Barbers, and divers other Servants, befides Smiths, Carpenters, Joyners, Plummers, Stone-cutters, &c.

To defray the vaft Charges of this Royal Hofpital, there is a confiderable Sum paid yearly out of the Poundage of the Army, befides one Day's Pay of each Officer, and of each Common Soldier once every Year, which in time of War amounted to above 13000 l.

GREENWICH Hofpital.

Ext to this, Greenwich Hofpital, built upon the River Thames, muft hereafter take its place in this Book, as being not much farther from London-Bridge Eastward, than Chelsea is Weftward: But if we fhould confider the Magnificent, Capaciousness, or Usefulness of the Building, it should rather precede the former, as much excelling it on each account, as the Naval Strength of an and is every way preferable in its Value to the Land-Forces of it. 'Tis built below Bridge, as moft proper for its Inhabitants, who are to be all fuch English Seamen, as by Age, Wounds, or other Accidents, shall be disabled from further Service at Sea, and for the Widows and Children of Such as happen to be flain in Sea-Service: 'Tis to be fitted up for no less than 3000 Seamen, if Encouragement be anfwerable to the Statelinefs of the Structure, which is truly Royal.

Chriff's Hospital] Formerly a Monaftery of Grey-Friars, diffolved by Henry VIII. and converted by his Son Edward VI. into an Hospital for poor Children, called by fome the Blue

Coat Hofpital; all the Boys and Girls being cloathed in BlueCoats, very warm and decent, and provided with all fuitable Neceffaries. It hath fince been enlarged by divers confiderable Benefactors. A great part of this Fabrick was burnt down in the great Fire; but is again rebuilt with much Splendour and Convenience, by the pious Care and Charity of its Governors, Trustees, and Religious Benefactors. Nevertheless, all would not do, without contracting a great Debt, and anticipating the Revenues of the Hofpital, the Effect of which it ftill feels, and is like fo to do, unless adminiftred to by the bountiful Hands, not only of willing, but of able Perfons. King Charles the Second founded here a Mathematical School and liberally endowed it with Maintenance for an exquifite Teacher, where the more adult Lads, about 40 in Number, are taught all Parts of Mathematicks; but especially the Art of Navigation; and afterwards they are every Year, about Ten or Twelve at a time, put Apprentices to Mafters of Ships, and fo become skilful and brave Commanders. Here were lately above a Thoufand poor Children, moft of 'em Orphans, maintain'd in the House, and out at Nurfe, upon the Charge of this Foundation, and fix or feven Score put yearly forth to Apprentiship; the Maidens to good and honeft Services. Some of the moft pregnant Lads are fo good Proficients at the Grammar-School belonging to this Hofpital, that they are fent to the University, and become excellent Scholars; and some of thofe that have been put to Trades, have arrived to the highest Dignities in the City, even the Prætorial Chair hath been filled with one of thefe. But the ftated Revenue not being at all anfwerable to the neceffary yearly Expences, many of the most wealthy Citizens and Merchants are chief Governours, in hopes that they will commiferate thofe Wants which their own Eyes fee. That venerable Alderman Sir John Moor, Knight, fet a noble Example of Munificence to this Hofpital, in building a magnificent Writing-School, . which coft him (as it is computed) upwards of Four Thoufand Pounds.

St. Bartholomew's-hofpital.] Adjoins to the faid Chrift'sHofpital, and formerly belong'd to the fame Grey-Friars, founded by Raihere, who was the first Prior of that House, in the Time of Henry the Firft, enlarged by Henry the Fourth. Ar the Diffolution of Monafteries, Henry the Eighth left 500 Marks a Year to it, for the Relief of poor People, but it was more largely endowed for the Ufe of Sick and Lame Perfons only, by Edward the Sixth. This Spital hath able Phyficians and Surgeons, careful Nurfes, and good Provifion for wounded and fick Soldiers and Seamen, and other difeafed Perfons, which come from all Parts of the Kingdom hither for Cure; and through God's Bleffing here is fometimes 2000 or upwards

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250 cured in a Year, and relieved with Monies and other Neceffaries at their Departure. This House it felf efcaped the Fury of the great Fire, but most of the Eftate belonging to it was confumed.

St. Thomas's-hofpital.] In Southwark is for the fame Ufe, and underwent almoft the fame Fate in its Revenues, not only in 1666, but in the three great Fires of Southwark, 1676, 1681, 1689. This was originally founded an Hofpital by Richard the Prior of Bermondsey, An. 1213. it was furrendred to King Hen. VIII. valued at 266 l. 17 s. 6 d. per Ann. It was given to the Citizens of London for an Hofpital for infirm and lame People, by the Excellent K. Edw. VI. it not only efcap'd the Flames Anno 1666. but when 500 Houses in the Borough of Southwark were burnt down, the Fire was providentially extinguish'd at this Houfe, which the Flames feveral times touched without Damage. It confifts of four Quadrangular Courts, three of which are lately rebuilt, very Spacious. Ornamental and Commodious. In the first Court are fix Wards for Women, in the fecond are two Chapels; rebuilt between the Year 1696 and 1702, the leffer for the Ufe of the Hofpital, the larger made Parochial by Act of Parliament, and commonly called the Parish-Church of St. Thomas. In the fame Court are the Houfes of the Treasurer, the Minister, the Steward, and other Officers: In the third Court are fix or feven Wards for Men: The fourth has also three Wards, Baths hot and cold, an Apothecary's Shop, Surgery, &c. There are about 3000 Perfons cured and difcharg'd yearly in this Hofpital.

Bethiem-Hospital] was an ancient mean House in the Suburbs of the City, for the maintaining and curing of lunatick and distracted Perfons; which going to decay, the LordMayor, Court of Aldermen, and Common-Council, granted a Piece of Ground in Moorfields, for erecting a larger and more convenient Building for the Reception of those poor Wretches. The Building is very Magnificent, and Beautiful, in a good Air, with great Accommodations: It coft 17000 1. by reafon of which this poor Hofpital lies under the Disadvantage of a great Debt, and deferves the Confideration of those that are charitably inclined. Here are commonly cured about 40, 50, or 6 in a Year.

Bridewell Hospital] or Work-house, is a Place where indigent, vagrant, and idle People are fet to Work, and maintained with Cloathing and Diet; and when it seems good to their Governor, they are feat by Paffes into their Native Countries.

To this Hofpital divers hopeful and ingenious Lads are put Apprentices, and prove afterwards honeft and fubftantial Ci- . tizens-Hither likewife fawcy and incorrigible Servants,

Night-Walkers, Strumpets, and the like, are fent to Work; and, according to their Crimes, receive, once a Fortnight, fuch a Number of Stripes as the Governors command; Bread and Water being their best Allowance, unless by Repentance and Industry they deferve better. This Hofpital was likewife founded by that Pious young Prince Edward the Sixth, it having been one of his own Royal Palaces.

Here I cannot omit to acquaint the World, that befides the Hofpitals mentioned, and many more in the City not fo remar kable, there is a Work-house in Bishopsgate-Street, for employing the poor Children of the City and Liberties thereof, and all fuch as have no Settlement: As there is another for the Parish of St. Margaret in the City of Westminster, called the Grey-Coat Hofpital; the Governors whereof have been Incorporated by her late Majefty.

WALL and GATE S.

THE ancient City of London was wall'd in on all Parts with

a ftrong Stone Wall of Defence, in Height and Thicknefs proportionable to its Defign, which is now for the most part decay'd, Dwelling-Houfes being now built upon the Foundations of that which is wanting, or upon the top of that little which remains. Yet most of the Gates of that old Wall ftill remain; thofe which were burnt down, as Ludgate and Newgate, are rebuilt with great Solidity and Magnificence; and those which efcaped, as Alderfgate, Cripplegate, Moorgate, Aldgate, are kept in good Repair, and all are thut up every Night with great Diligence, and a fufficient Watch at Ten a Clock; none being fuffered to go in or out without Examination: In like manner, at the fame Hour, Watches are placed every where about the City, who feize all fufpicious Perfons, and fecure 'em 'till the next Morning, to be examined by a Juftice of the Peace; and if they are found to be Vagabonds, Strumpets, or Night-walkers, they are fent to a House of Correction. Most of thefe Gates are of good Architecture, and adorned with Statues of fome of our Kings and Queens, as is that likewise called Temple-Bar in Fleet-Street, near the Middle-Temple Gate.

Paifons.] The defigned Brevity of this Treatife, will not let me give a very particular Account of all the Prisons in and about this City. Two of the aforefaid Gates, viz. Newgate and Ludgate, being ftrongly built, are Prifons, the first chiefly for Heinous Malefactors, as Traitors, Murderers, Felons, and the like, who are tried at the Seffions-Houfe in the Old Baily, hard by; and the other only for Debtors, who are Freemen of London. The King's-Bench Prifon in Southwark is one of the greatest R 2

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Part I. for Debtors in England; not far from it is the Marfbalfea, a Prifon belonging to the Court of the Knight-Marfhal of the King's-Court, who is Sir Philip Meadows. The Fleet, near FleetDitch, is a great Prifon likewife for Debtors; fo are the two Compters, belonging more peculiarly to the City. The NewPrifon at White-Chapel, the Gate-Houfe at Westminster, and others, would take up too much Room to be described here; but each have their diftin& Priviledges and Conveniencies, according to the Circumstances of the Debtor, which is the Reason why he fo oft removes himfelf from one to the other, by Writs of Habeas Corpus.

London Bridge.] The next Thing remarkable in the City of London, may be the Bridge; which, for admirable Workmanfhip, for vaftnefs of Foundation, for all Dimenfions, and for folid Houses, and rich Shops built thereon, furpaffeth all others in Europe: It has Ninteen Arches, founded in a deep broad River, and fome fay, on a foft Ouzy Ground, 800 Foot in length, 60 Foot high, and 30 broad; hath a Draw-Bridge almoft in the middle, and 20 Foot between each Arch. It was begun by King Henry II. and finished Anxo 1209, in the Reign of King John.

The Building this Bridge of London, was an exceeding diffi cult and coftly Piece of Work; and to thofe that confider the conftant great Flux and Reflux at that Place, it feems almoft impoffible to be done again; the Charge of keeping it in Repair is fo great, that it hath been thought fit by our Ancestors to have a large House, a vaft Revenue in Lands and Houses, and divers confiderable Officers, &c. to be fet apart for the conftant Care and Repair thereof; the Principal whereof are the two Bridge-Mafters, chofen out of the Body of the Liveries upon Midsummer-Day, after the Sheriffs and Chamberlain. The Royal Exchange] Is next to be confider'd, as the nobleft Building of that Ufe in the World.

The former Burfe began to be erected in the Year 1566, just 100 Years before it was burnt; it was built at the Coft and Charges of a noble Merchant, Sir Thomas Gresham, and in a folemn manner, by a Herald and Sound of Trumpet, in the Prefence, and by the fpecial Command of Queen Elizabeth, Proclaimed and Named the Royal-Exchange. It was built of Brick, and yet was the moft fplendid Burfe (all Things confidered) that was then in Europe; before the Building whereof, the Burfe for Merchants was kept in Lombard-Street.

Now it is built within and without of the fore-mentioned excellent Stone, with fuch curious and admirable Architecture, efpecially for a Front, a high Turret or Steeple, wherein are an Harmonious Chime of Twelve Bells, and for Arch-work, that it furpaffeth all other Burfes:

Qua