is now read Ottodeni, who call'd their Country Albin, which Name is retained to this Day, for that Part of Scotland which is called BraidAlbin: Thefe Scots were firft planted in Ireland, which from them was called Scotia, Scotland, as Orofius and Claudian acquaint us, and as the Scottish Annals manifeft; for there were no Settlements of Scots in Britain, antecedent to their Settlements in Ireland, from whence they made frequent Incurfions; but they do not feem to have been throughly fixed there, till after the Decay of the Roman Empire, when the Saxons had conquer'd the Southern Part of Britain, which they call'd England. The firft Habitations of these Scots were amongst the Pics, but not being able to continue there, they returned home again into Ireland: But they did not ftay there very long; for the Saxons having begun with the Britains, and made fome Progrefs in Conquering the Southern Parts, were refolved to push on towards the North; and there came a fresh Body of them cut of Germany, in fmall Veffels which they called Ceolas or Keels, over Edinburgh Frith, and poffeft themselves of a good part of the Low-Lands of Scotland, as far as the Confines of the Picts: Thefe compofed that Part of the Kingdom of the Northumbrians, which was then called Bernicia; which putting the Pics into apparent Danger, they invited over from Ireland a Colony of the Scots, with whom they had had a League for many Ages, to their Affifance; who accordingly came again into Britain, about the Year 503, under the Conduct of Fergus the Son of Ere, who was the first of his Race that reigned in Scotland, and erected his Kingdom in Dalrieda, (the Inhabitants of which Bede calls Dalreudini) which, as the moft excellent Archbishop Ufner conjectures, contain'd Cantire, Knapdale, Lorn, Argile, and Braid-Albain, with fome of the Neighbouring Iflands. This Country they held a long time very peaceably; till differing with the Picts about the Year 850, they conquer'd all in their Poffeffion on the North of Grahm's Dyke; and about the Year 900, got the reft of that Country, and totally fubdued the Old Extraprovincial Britains, or Picts, who till then were Sovereigns of a good Part of the Ifland; fo that now a great People in Britain, being called by the fame Name that thofe were in Ireland, to diftinguifh the one from the other, thefe being called Stots, thofe in Ireland were called the Irish Scotch, or Irish, without any Addition: And the Island where they inhabited, being fufficiently known by the ancient Name of Ferne, Erin, or Ireland, its Inhabitants began to lofe the Name of Scots, by which they had been called for many Ages; and the Name of Scotland came in time to be appropriated to the North Part of Britain, and fo continued till the Firit of May, 1707. at which time, according to the Treaty for Uniting England and Scotland, thofe Names were thenceforwards to be funk into the common Appellation of Great

Britain.

Climate.] The moft Southerly Part of Scotland, about Whitbern, is fituate in 54 d. and 54 m. of Latitude; and in Longitude, 15 d. 40 m. The Northermoft Part about Dungsbay-Head, is in 58 d. 32 m. of La titude, and 17 d. 50 m: of Longitude,

Dimentions.] Scotland, from the Mull of Galloway in the South to Dungsbay Head in the East Point of Cathness in the North, is about 250 Miles long, aud between Buchanefs on the Eaft Sea, and Ardnamurchan Point on the Weft, is 150 Miles broad; and yet no Part of it is Fifty Miles from the Sea..

Dibtion.] During the Roman Times, all below Edinburgh Frith was poffeft by them, and what lay more Northwards, by ExtraProvincial Britains, or Pids. The Roman Part was particularly called Valentia, towards the latter end of their Government. The Picts afterwards had the whole till the Saxon Invafion, which was in the be ginning of the VIth Century: Upon the Saxons feizing the Eaft Lowlands, the Scots were call'd in. who poffcft Dalrieda, fo that then there were three Kingdoms in Scotland, Bernicia, Dalrieda, and that of the Pics. The Saxons kept their Portion, till they were weakned by the Danes, which made them a Prey to the Scots; who by degrees, partly by War, and partly by Agreement, became Mafters of all Scotland, Their great Divifion was into Highlands and Lowlands, and into the Northern and Southern Regions, with refpect of the River Tay; be, fides a great many Ilands lying round about the Kingdom, The Number of Parishes in Scotland are 890.

Chriftianity.] The Inhabitants of North Britain were converted to the Chriftian Religion very early, by Britains that were Subjects of the Roman Empire, but what Progrefs Chriftianity then made is uncertain. St. Patrick is efteemed to have been the first Bishop of the Scots, rather than Palladius, who died in the first Year of his Miffion into Britain, being unable to do any good upon that then unciviliz'd Nation: St. Patrick was fent by Pope Celeftin for that purpose; and the Conversion that he wrought, as very Learned Men fuppofe, was not from the Pelagian Herefy, but from downright Gentilifm. The Church of Rome had not yet impofed new Articles of Faith upon other Churches; but afterwards, when they came to make great Innovati. ons, which the Britains and Scots refused to fubmit to, they were shut out of her Communion, and called the Schifmaticks of Britain and Ireland. However, laying the Schifm upon thofe that were the Cause of it, they held Communion with each other, and kept their Religion the fame in moft Points, as it was anciently in the Purer Roman Church.

CHAP. II.

Defcription of the feveral Shires, or Counties of Scotland, Alphabetically Digefted with the Names of the Sheriffs.

Cotland is divided according to its Temporal Jurifdiction, into g Shires or Counties, and a Stuartries.

1. Shire

1. Shire of Aberdeen,

So call'd from the Chief Burgh in it, contains the Countries of Marre, Fourmanteen, Garioch, Strathbogie, and that Part of Buchan which lies South to the Water of Eugie. It's about 46 Miles long, and 28 broad. The Inhabitants are generally Civil and Polite. Here they find a fpotted fort of Marble, and much Slate, and in the Waters are taken an incredible Namber of Salmons, to the great Advantage of the Country; befides abundance of Pearls, fome very big and of a fine Colour. They have Deer in great abundance; and Eagles make their Nefts upon the Rocks of Pennan. The Chief Cities are Old and New Aberdeen, which are about a Mile afunder. New Aberdeen is the Capital or Head-Burgh of the Sheriffdoms of Aberdeen, where Causes are try'd, and exceeds all the Cities of the North of Scotland in Bignefs; Commerce, and Beauty; the Air is wholfome, and the Inhabitants well educated. The Houses are generally four Stories high; and having Orchards behind them, make the City at a Distance to appear like a Wood. There is alfo a Free-School House, founded by Dr. Dune, having one Mafter, and three Ufhers: A Mufick-School, an AlmsHoufe, and three Hofpitals, founded by feveral Perfons. This Town had formerly a Mint, as appears by Silver Coins ftamp'd there, upon the Reverse whereof the Name of this Town was infcrib'd, which are still preferv'd in the Clofets of the Curious. At the Weft End of the City is a little round Hill, where breaks out a Fountain of clear Water, and in the middle another Spring bubbles up, call'd the Aber denian Spaw, coming near the Spaw-Water in the Bishoprick of Liege both in Taste and Quality. Belides Aberdeen, Kintor is a Burgh-Royal upon the Don, which gives Title to the Earl of Kinter: And Inverurie, the Title of this Earl's Eldeft Son, erected into a Burgh-Royal by K. Rob. Bruce. On the South fide of the Water of Eugie, ftands Peter bead, with a Road that will contain 100 Sail of Ships; and at this Place 'tis High-Water when the Moon is directly South. In many Places of this Shire are great Stones plac'd in a Circle, and one of the greatest in the middle towards the South; which feem to have been places of Worship in the Times of Heathenifm. The Drooping-Cave of Slains is very remarkable, of the petrified Subftance whereof they make excellent Lime. Old Aberdeen was the Bishop's Seat, and has a Cathedral Church commonly called St. Machar's, large and ftately, built by feveral Bishops of this See. The Windows of the Church, wherein is a fine Monument of Bishop Elphinston the Founder, were formerly very remarkable for their painted Glafs; and fomething of their ancient Splendor till remains. In the Steeple, befides other Bells, there are two of an extraordinary Bignefs. Marr is an Inland Country, 60 Miles long. Upon the Bank of the Don ftands Kildrummy, the ancient Seat of the Earl of Marr. Strathbolgy was formerly the Seat of the Earl of Athol; now the chief Refidence of the Marquifs of

Huntley

Huntley, who by King James VII. was made Duke of Gordon. This Sheriffhip is in the King's Gift.

Other Seats in Aberdeenshire.] Inverugie Earl of Marifchal's. KeithHall. Earl of Kintor's. Pitfligo, Lord Pitfligo's. Kairnbulg, Colonel Buchan's. Dalgety, Earl of Errols. Aboin, Earl of Aboin's. Muck wall, Lord Frafer's. Pitmeddens, Sir Alexander Seton's, Baronet. Knockball, Woodny. Efq;. Drum, Irwin, Efq; Cragywar, Sir William Forbes's. Foveran, Forbes, Bart. Minimusk, Forbes, Baronet, Caftle Forbes, Lord Forbes's. Crathes, Sir Thomas Burnet of Leys, Bar. Frendraught, Lord Viscount Frendraught's. Philorth, Lord Saltoun's. Fetterneir, Lefly of Bolquhines, alias Count Lefly's, now in Germany. Fyvie, Earl of Dumfermling's. Tyri, Hugh Frafier's.

2. Shire of Wire

Derives its Name from Aire, the Head-Burgh of the Shire; which is a little Mart and a well known Port upon a River of the fame Name, fituate in a fandy Plain, yet has pleafant and fruitful Fields, with Greens, which afford a pleasant Profpect both Winter and Summer. The Country generally produces good store of Corn and Graís; is very populous, and the Inhabitants are exceeding industrious. Between the Town and the Sea, Cromwell built a Citadel, which was well Fortified with a Foffe and a Stone Wall, it was demolish'd at the Reftoration, and now only fome Houses are standing, and fome Angles of the Ramparts. By the King's Patent, Aire is the Sheriff's Seat, and has a Country of 32 Miles extent under its Jurifdiction. This County contains the three great Baileries of Scotland, Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham. Carrick is a Country fruitful in Paftures, and abundantly furnish'd with Commodities by Sea and Land. Robert Bruce, that famous King of Scotland, was Earl of Carrick. Kyle is a plentiful Country and well inhabited. It is divided into Kings-Kyle, and KyleStuart; of the firft the Campbels of Loudun were the Heritable Sheriffs; of the other, the Wallace's of Craigie; but both the Sherifffhips are now united in the Earl of Loudun. The Earl of Caffilis is Heritable Bailiff of Carrick, and the Earl of Eglington of Cunningham. Cunningham fignifies the King's Habitation, whence we may guess at the Beauty of its Situation. Not far from Ardraffan in this County is Largis, imbrued with the Blood of the Norwegians by King Alexander III. Loudon is fituated in Cunningham, and in that Diftrict is the Seat of the Earl of London, The Earl of Stairs, and the Wallace's, famous formerly for their Bravery, in Defence of their Country's Liberty, have their Seats in Kyle. Upon the Water of Aire there are many pleafant Seats, encompafs'd with Woods and Groves, and the River abounds with Salmon and Trouts. At the Place where the little River of Kyle "falls into the Water of Aire, ftands Sundroun, the Seat of the Lord Cathcars. Two Miles North of Aire Town ftands Kincafe, which always was, and is, a Place of Retirement for Leprous Perfons: A Mile beyond ghat is Mundon Caftle, a pleafant Seat belonging to William Bailie, Efq;

about

Part II. about two Miles from hence in the Sea, lies Lady Ifle where is great plenty of Rabbets and Fowl, but there are no Inhabitants.

Other Seats in the Shire of Bite.] Caffilis, Earl of Caffilis's. Eglington, Earl of Eglington's. Kilburn and Rowallen, Earl of Glafcow's. Leifnoris, the Countess of Damfries's. Kilburny, Viscount Garnock's. The Cove, Sir Archibald Kinnedy of Collean. Craigy, Sir Thomas Wallacee's, Bar. Kilkarren, Sir John Ferguson's, Bar. Auchins, Earl of Dundonal's. Garvan Mains. Sir Thomas Kennedy's. Stair, Earl of Stair's. Bargany, Lord Bargany's.Blairquhan, Sir Adam Whitford, Bar. Blaire, William Blair's of that Ilk. Entarkin, Cunningham, Gadgirth Chambers, Caprington, belonging to the Cunninghams. Adamton to the Blairs; Crofebey to the Fullertons; KilmarBock gives the Title of Earl of Kilmarnock to the Family of Boyd, which is an ancient Family in Scotland. Oucheltree, Sir John Cockran's. And Hakelhead, Francis Montgomery's, Efq;. This Sherifffhip is in the King's Gift.

3. Shire of argyle

Comprehends Argyle, Lorn, Kintyre, Cowal Knapdale; and the West. Iffes of Ilay, Fura. Mul, Ilcolmkil, Wyt, Teriff, Coll, and Lifmore. Here the Dukes of Argyle, have Jura Regalia. The Family of the Campbells, of which they are the Head, has great Authority and Intereft Over this whole Shire. Of old, the Reprefentatives of this Family were Juftices General of Scotland; and as yet retain the Power of Jufticiaries of this Shire, and are Heritable Great-Mafters of the King's Household. This County had formerly two Sheriffdoms, Argyle and Tarbat, but now they are united into one, which comprehends Kintyre, Knapdale, Askeodnih, and Cowel, in which is Denoun, formerly the Bishop of Argyle's Seat, Lorn, and others already named. It joins to Perthshire on the Eaft, on the North-East to Loqubaber, on the Northweft to the Iles, and on the South to the Irish Sea. 'Tis about Sixfcore Miles in Length, and in Breadth Forty Miles. The Sea, in mas ny Places, runs a great way up into the Land, in long Bays, which they call Loughs. The Tract properly call'd Argyle, lies between Lochfyne, wherein is a great Herring-Fishery, and Loch-aw, a fresh Water Loch, 24 Miles long and 1 Broad. The whole Shire is Mountainous, and the Inhabitants who fpeak Irish, i. e, the ancient Scottish, live chiefly by Hunting and Fishing. Lorn lies fomewhat higher towards the North, a Country producing the best Barley; divided by Loch levin, a vast Lake, upon which tands Bergonum, a Caftle, wherein the Courts of Juftice were anciently kept. Its Stewards in the laft Age, were the Lords of Lorn, but by a Female Heir it came to the Earl of Argyle, whofe eldest Sons, before they were made Dukes, were VisCounts Lorn. Kintyre, the Southermost Divifion of this Shire, is above 30 Miles long, and 8 or 9 broad, 'tis a Country very fruitful, and well inhabited both by Low Landers and High-Landers. Campbelton, a Royal Burgh, is in this Divifion, where is a fafe Harbour for Ships, having an Ifland in the Mouth of the Bay.

The chiefeft Royal Burgh in the whole Shire is Inveraray, the Seat of the Duke of Argyle. It ftands in Lorn, and is commended for a