fashionable style remained chiefly with Cowley; Suckling could not reach it, and Milton disdained it.

Critical remarks are not easily understood without examples; and I have therefore collected instances of the modes of writing by which this species of poets, for poets they were called by themselves and their admirers, was eminently distinguished.

As the authors of this race were perhaps more desirous of being admired than understood, they sometimes drew their conceits from recesses of learning not very much frequented by common readers of poetry. Thus Cowley on Knowledge:

"The sacred tree midst the fair orchard grew;

The phoenix Truth did on it rest,

And built his perfum'd nest,

That right Porphyrian tree which did true logic show.
Each leaf did learned notions give,
And th' apples were demonstrative:

So clear their colour and divine,

The very shade they cast did other lights outshine."

On Anacreon continuing a lover in his old age:

"Love was with thy life entwin'd,
Close as heat with fire is join'd,

A powerful brand prescrib'd the date

Of thine, like Maleager's fate,

Th' antiperistasis of age

More inflam'd thy amorous rage."

Elegy upon Anacreon.

In the following verses we have an allusion to a Rabbinical opinion concerning Manna :

"Variety I ask not: give me one

To live perpetually upon.

The person love does to us fit,

Like manna, has the taste of all in it."

Thus Donne shows his medicinal knowledge in some encomiastic

verses:

"In every thing there naturally grows
A balsamum to keep it fresh and new,
If't were not injur'd by extrinsique blows;
Your birth and beauty are this balm in vou

But you, of learning and religion,

And virtue, and such ingredients, have made

A mithridate, whose operation

Keeps off, or cures what can be done or said."

DONNE: To the Countess of Bedford.

Though the following lines of Donne, on the last night of the year, have something in them too scholastic, they are not inelegant:

"This twilight of two years, not past nor next,

Some emblem is of me, or I of this,

Who, meteor-like, of stuff and form perplext,
Whose what and where in disputation is,
If I should call me anything, should miss.
I sum the years and me, and find me not
Debtor to th' old, nor creditor to th' new;

That cannot say, my thanks I have forgot,

Nor trust I this with hopes; and yet scarce true

This bravery is, since these times show'd me you."
DONNE: To the Countess of Bedford.

Yet more abstruse and profound is Donne's reflection upon man as a microcosm :

"If men be worlds, there is in every one
Something to answer in some proportion
All the world's riches: and in good men, this
Virtue, our form's form, and our soul's soul is."

Of thoughts so far fetched, as to be not only unexpected but unnatural, all their books are full.

To a Lady, who made posies for rings.

"They, who above do various circles find,
Say, like a ring th' æquator heaven does bind.
When heaven shall be adorn'd by thee,

(Which then more heaven than 'tis, will be,)
'Tis thou must write the poesy there,

For it wanteth one as yet,

Though the sun pass through't twice a year,
The sun who is esteem'd the god of wit."

COWLEY.

The difficulties which have been raised about identity in phi

losophy, are by Cowley with still more perplexity applied to

love :

"Five years ago (says story) I loved you,

For which you call me most inconstant now:
Pardon me, madam, you mistake the man;
For I am not the same that I was then;
No flesh is now the same 'twas then in me,
And that my mind is chang'd yourself may see.
The same thoughts to retain still, and intents,
Were more inconstant far: for accidents

Must of all things most strangely inconstant prove,

If from one subject they t' another move:

My members then, the father members were

From whence these take their birth, which now are here.

If then this body love what the other did,
'Twere incest, which by nature is forbid."

Inconstancy.

The love of different women is, in geographical poetry, compared

to travels through different countries :

"Hast thou not found each woman's breast

(The land where thou hast travelled)

Either by savages possest,

Or wild, and uninhabited?

What joy could'st take, or what repose,
In countries so uncivilis'd as those?

Lust, the scorching dog-star, here
Rages with immoderate heat;
Whilst Pride, the rugged Northern Bear,
In others makes the cold too great.

And where these are temperate known,

The soil's all barren sand, or rocky stone."

COWLEY: The Welcome.

A lover, burnt up by his affection, is compared to Egypt :

"The fate of Egypt I sustain,

And never feel the dew of rain

From clouds which in the head appear;
But all my too much moisture owe
To overflowings of the heart below."

COWLEY: Sleep.

The lover supposes his lady acquainted with the ancient laws of augury and rites of sacrifice :

"And yet this death of mine, I fear,
Will ominous to her appear:

When, sound in every other part,
Her sacrifice is found without an heart.

For the last tempest of my death

Shall sigh out that too, with my breath."

COWLEY: The Concealment.

That the chaos was harmonised, has been recited of old; but whence the different sounds arose remained for a modern to disCover:

"Th' ungovern'd parts no correspondence knew;
An artless war from thwarting motions grew;
Till they to number and fixt rules were brought.
Water and air he for the tenor chose;

Earth made the base; the treble, flame arose.'

COWLEY.

The tears of lovers are always of great poetical account; but Donne has extended them into worlds. If the lines are not easily understood, they may be read again :

"On a round ball

A workman, that hath copies by, can lay

An Europe, Afric, and an Asia,

And quickly make that, which was nothing, All.
So doth each tear,

Which thee doth wear,

A globe, yea would, by that impression grow,

Till thy tears mixt with mine do overflow

This world, by waters sent from thee my heaven dissolved so."

A Valediction of Weeping.

On reading the following lines, the reader may perhaps cry out-Confusion worse confounded:

"Here lies a she sun, and a he moon there,

She gives the best light to his sphere,

Or each is both, and all, and so

They unto one another nothing owe."

DONNE. Epithalamion on the Count Palatine, &c.

Who but Donne would have thought that a good man is a teles

cope?

"Though God be our true glass through which we see

All, since the being of all things is he,

Yet are the trunks, which do to us derive

Things in proportion fit, by perspective

Deeds of good men; for by their living here,

Virtues, indeed remote, seem to be near."

Who would imagine it possible that in a very few lines so many remote ideas could be brought together?

"Since 'tis my doom, Love's undershrieve,

Why this reprieve?

Why doth my she advowson fly

Incumbency

To sell thyself dost thou intend

By candle's end,

And hold the contract thus in doubt,

Life's taper out?

Think but how soon the market fails,

Your sex lives faster than the males;

And if to measure age's span,

The sober Julian were th' account of man,

Whilst you live by the fleet Gregorian."

CLEVELAND: To Julia to expedite her Promise.

Of enormous and disgusting hyperboles, these may be examples: