PREVIOUS TROJANS IN BRITAIN 167 850 B.C., that is, about two and a half centuries subsequent to the passage of Brutus and his fleet. The date for the prior arrival of Sylvius Alba's party may probably be placed, from the relative age of that Tiberian king (as seen in above Table), at a few decades before the arrival of Brutus, about 1103 B.C., though we shall find from the evidence of the Stone Circles and the prehistoric cupmarkings that Sumerian Barat-Phoenician merchants had formed isolated mining and trading settlements in Albion before 2800 B.C. It was, perhaps, a memory of this invasion of the Land of the Picts in Albion by Brutus and his kinsman Duke Corineus, the descendant of the canonized Phoenician King Antenor, whose son was King Agenor (see Table, p. 161), which is referred to in a fifteenth-century Chronicle of the Scots, containing a rather confused account of the history of the Picts, when it states:- "Ye Pechtis [war] chasyt out of yir awin landis callit Sichia [?Icht] be ane prynce of Egipt callit Agenore [the Phoenician]."1 This migration of King Brutus and his Trojan and Phoenician refugees from Asia Minor and Phoenicia to establish a new homeland colony in Albion, which event the British Chronicle historical tradition places at 1103 B.C. (see Appendix I) was probably associated with, and enforced by, not merely the loss of Troy, but also by the massacring invasion of Hittite Asia Minor, Cilicia and the SyriaPhoenician coast of the Mediterranean by the Assyrian King Tiglath Pileser I. about 1107 B.C. to 1105 B.C.' 1 Chronicle of the Scots of 1482 A.D. S.C.P. 381. This mighty Assyrian emperor, and conqueror also of Babylonia, records in his still extant inscriptions that he subdued and destroyed the chief cities in "the broad Land of Kumani (of the Mitanni or Medes), the Land of Khatti (or Hitt-ites), and on the Upper Sea of the West (Mediterranean)" -Annals of Kings of Assyria. Brit. Museum 1902, pp. 82, &c. And he mentions especially his conquest of Arvad (Aradus) the old city of the Amorites and at that time, the chief city-port of the Phoenicians in the Levant, and his sailing in a Phoenician ship on "The Sea of the West" (The Mediterranean). XIV ARYANIZING CIVILIZATION OF PICTS AND CELTS Disclosing Phoenician Origin of Celtic, Cymric, Gothic and English Languages, and Founding of London and Bronze Age. " Brutus called the island, after his own name, Britain,' and his companions 'Britons.'"-Ancient British Chronicles.1 "The tribes subject to the Cedi [Ceti or Geta Goth Phoenicians] are skin-clad.” -Rig Veda Hymns.1 THE introduction of civilization and the Aryan language by King Brutus or Briutus and his Phoenician associates into Albion, or as he now called it "Brit-ain" or "Land of the Barats or Brits," is described in circumstantial detail in the Ancient British Chronicles, which is confirmed by more or less contemporary and other evidence. The name of the aborigines, unfortunately, is not preserved in the existing versions; but we have seen that these aborigines, whose extant skeletal and other remains date back to the Old Stone Age, were clearly the Picts or " British Celts." And a memory of them seems to be preserved in the Scottish version of the Brutus legend, which places the newly-arrived Brutus, as we have seen, on "The Sea of Icht (or of the Picts)," when he "banishes" from the island his "big brother," his kinsman the Tiberian Sylvius Alba and his people, who had preceded Brutus in the possession of the tin-mines and in the domination of the island. And significantly the traditional place where Brutus landed is still reputed the especial haunt of the earth-dwelling dwarfish "Pixies," who, we have seen, are a memory of the earthburrowing Picts. PRIOR "GIANT" PHOENICIANS IN BRITAIN 169 The "giants," who are described in the Chronicles as opposing the invasion by Brutus and Corineus and their Briton followers, were obviously not the aborigines, but, as we shall find from other evidence, an earlier trading branch of the Aryan-Phoenicians-the Muru or Amuru or "Amorite" giants and erectors of the Stone Circles and “giants' tombs "-who had been exploiting the tin and copper mines for many centuries and even a millennium or more before the arrival of Sylvius and his trading agents. But they had not systematically colonized the land or civilized the aborigines.1 The systematic civilization of Britain thus begins practically with Brutus. He occupied the country as far north as the Tweed, the Chronicles inform us, and he at once began the work of welding the various Pictish tribes into one nation under their Aryan rulers, through the bonds of a common Aryan language and the civilizing Aryan laws. Brutus signalized his annexation of Alban by giving the latter a new name. He was, as we have seen, an Aryan of the Barat tribe, of which the Phoenicians were the chief representatives; and he had just come from Epirus where, on its Macedonian border, was a colony of that tribe with a town called "Phoenice," bearing that tribal title as " Parthini" or "The Parths," in series with Brutus' own personal name of "Peirithoos." We have also seen, and shall further see, that the Phoenicians were in the habit of applying this tribal title to their new colonies. We are now told in the Chronicle that "Brutus called the island [of Alban] after his own name Brit-ain' and his companions Brit-ons.'" The original form of this name " Brit-ain" was, as we have seen, "Barat-ana " or " Land of the Barats," a form which 1 The references to Brutus' associate Corineus as carrying the defeated giant" leader, and running with him on his shoulders, shows that the giant" was no larger than himself. " " -a The usually conjectured derivation of "Britain (despite the circumstantial traditional account of its origin in the Chronicles which is in keeping with the facts of the application of this name in Phoenician lands elsewhere) is that evolved by Sir J. Rhys. He derives the name “ Britain,” from the Welsh Brith and Braith, spotted, parti-coloured " reference to the painting or tattooing of the body." (R.C.B., 211). But, evidently not quite satisfied with this, he thinks it is derived from the Welsh Brethyn, cloth," and adds: 'It would appear that the word Brython and its congeners meant clothed,' or cloth-clad people. (Ib., 212.) is preserved in a relatively pure form in " Dun-Barton " or "Fort of the Bartons "-the "Dun Breatan" of the Gaelic Celts. In the Welsh Triads also, where Brutus is called Prydain, son of Aedd the Great," it is stated that he named the island after himself "Isle of Prydain" (Inis Prydain). And we shall see that Brutus and his Barats and their descendants covered the country with place, river and mountain names transplanted from their ancestral homeland in Asia Minor and Syria-Phoenicia. And similarly, Brutus' associate, the Phoenician Duke Corineus, who was probably related to Corunna in Spain with its legends of Hercules and the Phoenicians,1 is traditionally recorded to have given his name to Cornwall. The Higher Aryan Civilization which Brutus now introduced and propagated throughout a great part of Britain, began with the establishment of Agriculture, which we have found was originated by the Aryans and made by them the basis of their civilization. The Chronicles tell us that Brutus and his Britons set at once" to till the ground and build houses." The building of houses, we have seen, was such a speciality of the Hitto-Phoenicians that it gave them, from their timberhouses, the title of "Khilani," "Gelouni" or "Gi-oln," which was borne also by the Phoenician Barat Part-olon. The perishability of timber-houses would account for the fact that there seem to be few extant remains of ancient Briton buildings of this early period, except stone foundations, which may possibly be as early, and some of the "Cliff castles" (the marvellously well selected strategic sites and defensive military details of which excited the admiration of General Pitt-Rivers, the great archæologist) and some of "Corunna," on the Iberian coast near Finisterre, is intimately connected with the Phoenicians and their demi-god Hercules. At the mouth of the bay stands a remarkable beacon to which a vast antiquity is assigned. Local tradition ascribes it to Hercules and others to the Phoenicians. Laborde discovered an inscription near the base which stated that it was constructed by Caius Severus Lupus and dedicated to Mars. But this was probably reconstruction. Now Corunna is the Tor Breogan of Irish bardic writers who state that Breogan was the son of Bratha [i.e.," Barat or " Brath"], a leading chief of the Iberian Scots, who erected this tower here after his own name, and that from the top of the town his son Ith saw the shores of Erin on a clear day. See B.O.I., 27. BRUTUS CIVILIZES ALBION OR BRITAIN 171 the numerous towers of stone masonry ("Broch "), suggesting the truly cyclopean masonry of the Hitto-Phoenicians. So late as the fourth century, A.D., Bede writes that a house was built "after the manner of the Scots, not of stones but of hard oak thatched with reeds." This was the abovementioned Hittite timber house presumably.1 The masonry foundations of such wooden houses were found at Troy." Indeed, it seems probable that the artistic, timbered style of old mansions and cottages, especially in the south of Britain, is a survival of the famous timbered Hittite houses of these ancient Britons. The building of fine houses by the Phoenicians in Britain must of itself have been a great uplifting factor in the civilization of the land which hitherto had known only subterranean burrows, as the aborigines would doubtless imitate, more or less, the above-ground houses of their overlords. The pile huts of the few lakedwellings may thus possibly be derived from the HittoPhoenician timber-house examples. The common Briton affix for towns of -bury, -boro, -burg (as well as "Broch") and Sanskrit pura, are now seen to be derived from the Hittite or Catti Buru "a Hittite town, citadel or fort." In surveying his newly-acquired land of Britain, we are told that Brutus "formed a design of building a city, and with this view travelled through the land to find out a convenient situation, and came to the Thames." As long before Brutus' day the land had been in the possession of the Phoenician Morites, who also traded in Amber in the North Sea, the topography of South Britain and its sea-coast was probably more or less known to Brutus and his kinsmen followers. The Chronicle account says he travelled" through the land" to the Thames from Totnes. It may be that Brutus, after his signal defeat of a leading party of the "giant " Morites at Totnes, as he had such a small land force for an enemy's country, yet possessing a considerable fleet, coasted along the south coast eastwards along the Channel from Totnes, marching inland to reconnoitre at 'the cottages of the Britons were of wood thatched with straw." (Geog. 4,197). 1 Diodorus Siculus writes that In the 5th City, in Early Bronze Age. S.I. 573 and 710. 3 Cp. M.D. 186. |