RESURRECTING SUN AS TWO "CUPS"

247

and Sanskrit Ra-vi (or "Rover") name for that luminary and its presiding deity." Whilst Zal discloses the Sumerian source of the Gothic, Latin and Old English "Sol."

FIG. 36.-Two-headed Resurrecting Sun-god designated by Two Circles.

From Hitto-Sumer seal of about 2400 B.C.

(After Delaporte.' Enlarged 2 diameters.)

This dual phase of the Sun's apparent progress westwards and back again eastwards was familiar to the Ancient Britons and Scots, as seen in the numerous prehistoric rock and other sculptures, and in Early Briton coins, where the Night or "returning" Sun is figured as a second disc, joined by bars to the Day Sun (as the so-called "Spectacles of Scottish archæologists, Figs. in next chapter), or as a double Spiral, with the Night Sun figured as a Spiral in the reversed or "returning" direction (see Figs. 38 &c.). It is also similarly figured in Hittite seals and on Phoenician sacred vases from the Levant, Crete and the Ægean, both as the conjoined double disc (see Fig. 37 &c.), and as the double Spiral with the second reversed or "returning"; and this latter is sometimes shown in both the Hittite and Ancient Briton and Scot representations, as entering the Gates of Night (see Figs. 37 and 38), wherein the gates have the same latticed pattern, and it is also to be noted that, in these Irish Scot prehistoric sculptures, the Sun is represented by two cup-marks, as in the Hitto-Sumerian. This again evidences

1 D.C.O.(L.) No. 251, pl. 76.

the Hittite origin of the Britons and Scots, and their common symbolism.

Note in top Seal the Night Sun as Reversed Spiral, and the Winged Sun with its "Celtic " Cross, above a pillar of 7 fruits (? 7 days of week or 7 circles of Heaven).

The triad of circles, representing both 3 and 30, designates the Moon, presumably from its three phases of waxing, waning and dark, and also its lunar month of 30 days; and they also appear to be defined as "Death" (Bat, i.e., "Fate.") And the triad means "Fate," named Sib (literally "the speaker" or sooth-sayer), thus disclosing the Sumerian origin of our word "Sibyl" and of "The Three Fates" and the "Three Witches" in Macbeth-a vestige of the matriarchist cult. And the "Seer of the Fates" is called Bat, thus showing the Sumerian source of our English words "Fate" and Fat-al." It also means "Earth." "Death," see Fig. 40.

As

The four-fold circles designate "Totality" (from the four quarters?), also the Mother Goddess, "Ma-a," thus disclosing the Sumerian source of the Earth Mother's name

I W.S.C., 863, 1100.

2 Another definition of Sib or Zib is "One who cuts or measures off Fate" (B.B.W., 191), which thus literally equates with the functions of the Three Fate Sisters of the classic Greeks, and discloses their Sumerian origin.

Hecate, the queen of Hell, was 3-faced.

RESURRECTING SUN TWO CUPS IN IRELAND 249

as Maia of the Greeks, Mahi and Maya of the Vedas and Indian epics, and the "goddess Queen May" of the Britons, and the source of our English "Ma " for "Mother," whilst she was also called " Ma-dur," now disclosed as the Sumerian source of our English Mother." Her name also reads "Ga-a," the Sumerian source of her alternative Greek title of "Gaia."

FIG. 38.-"Returning" or "Resurrecting" Sun, in prehistoric
Irish Scot rock graving two cup-marks; as with Reversed
Spiral entering the Gates of Night.

(After Coffey.)1

Note the dual cup-marks in botb, and that it is the Returning Spiral on extreme right (or West) which enters the latticed Gates in a, while in 6, the 7 wedges in the opening in the Gates-Heaven, the direction of Resurrecting Sun. Compare with Briton Coins in FIG. 44, showing Sun-Horse leaping over the Gates of Night.

The pentad group of circles designated the archangel of God, Tas-ia, Tasup of the Hittites and Dasup Mikal of the later Phoenicians (who, we shall find, is the Archangel Michael of the Gentiles). His name Tasia, we shall find also, occurs freely in the Aryan titles of archangels in the Gothic Eddas (Thiazi), in the Vedas (Daxa, etc.), on Greco-Phoenician coins (as Tkz, Dzs, etc.), feminized by the later polytheistic Greeks into Tyche, and on the coins and monuments of the Ancient Britons (as Tasc, Tascio, etc.), and also usually associated in the Briton coins with the pentad group of circle marks, as we shall see later on.

He is represented sometimes by the pentad of circles (see Fig. 39), but usually in human form (as we shall see), and sometimes winged (see Fig. 40, etc., and numerous specimens

C.N.G., Fig. 24, from tumulus at Tara.

on Phoenician Coins, and on Early Briton monuments and coins, figured in next chapters).

889

L

FIG. 39.-Pentad Circles designate "Tasia" (Archangel) on
Seal of 3rd millennium B.C.

(After Delaporte.1)

See description later. Note Cross above vase, horned head-dress, and Goat
and Bull behind god.

FIG; 40.-Archangel Tasia (winged) invoked by Mother (4 circles) for Dead (3 circles).

From Hittite seal amulet of about 2000 B.C. (after Lajard.)"

Note dead man (? husband) carries Cross above a handled Cross, and tied to wrist
an amulet (picturing this seal?). The Warrior-Angel has 8-rayed Sun and
endless chain of Sun's revolutions at his side.

That his name was spelt "Tās " by the Phoenicians and Sumerians is evident, amongst other proofs cited later, by the Early Phoenician seal here figured (Fig. 41). This spells his name "Ta-ās," in which the Sumerian word-sign of the right hand=Ta, and the six circles have their ordinary Sumerian phonetic value of As. He is here accompanied,

TĀS RESURRECTING SUN-ANGEL IN "CUPS"

251

as is very usual, by the Sun-bird (Phoenix), Sun-fish, and, Goat (which latter we shall find is a rebus for "Goth ")his votaries.

FIG. 41.-Phoenician Seal reading "Tās" (Archangel).
From grave in Cyprus of about 3rd millennium B.C.

(After A. Cesnola.)1

The seven-circle or heptad group designated, as we have seen, "Heaven" (Imin), and occurs frequently in the Sumerian and Hitto-Phoenician seals and amulets (see Fig. 42), as well as in the cup-marked inscriptions in Britain.

FIG. 42.-Heptad Circles for "Heaven" (Imin)
on Babylonian amulet.
(After Delaporte.)"

Note the 8-rayed Sun is swimming eastwards with the Sun-fish (of 7 fins)3
to Heaven (7 circles) above.

The nonad circle group designates the title of the Fathergod Bil or Indara as the "He-Goat" (Iilim), the totem or mascot of the Khatti or Getae Goths-the sacred Goat of the Cymri. And the He-Goat is a frequent associate of Thor or Indri-the-divine in the Gothic Eddas.

1 Cyprus, pl. 33, 24, and W.S.C., 1189.
D.C.O. (L), pl. 91, 1, No. 617, on a sapphire.

* Cp. S.H.L. 482.