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ST. ANDREW'S CROSS IS INDARA'S HAMMER 327

antelopes-which is a famous exploit of Indara (as cited below); and this scene is very frequently figured on Hitto-Sumerian seals and sculptures. This same scene is also significantly pictured on a fragment at Drainie in Moray,' where is the same double-headed Hammer of Indara or Thor on the Cross in Fig. 47F', and on several others in the same locality. And it is also noteworthy that one of the first Christian churches erected at St. Andrews was dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel, that is, as we have seen, and will see further, the archangel of Indara or Andrew.

This exploit of Indara in killing the devouring Lion as well as the Dragon demon to "make the multitude to dwell in peace," now appears to explain another folk-custom on St. Andrew's Day in England, which has hitherto been inexplicable. In Cornwall it is, or was till lately, a custom on St. Andrew's Day for a party of youths, making a fearsome noise blowing a horn and beating tin pans, to pass through the town for "driving out any evil spirits which haunt the place," and later the church bells take part in it. In Kent a rabble assembles on that day for hunting and killing squirrels; and a similar squirrel-hunting wake takes place in Derbyshire'; and the squirrel in Gothic tradition is synonymous with "demoniac." This custom of expelling evil spirits on St. Andrew's Day, whilst evidencing the former worship of that saint in England, presumably celebrates the expulsion by Indara of the Lion and Dragon demons.

Altogether, in view of the many foregoing facts and associated evidence, it is abundantly clear that St. Andrew, as patron saint of the Scots, Scyths and Goths, was the Hitto-Phoenician god Indara or Indri-Thor of our Catti or Xatti ancestors, transformed into a Christian saint by the Early Christian Church for proselytizing purposes. And that in picturing St. Andrew as impaled on an X Crucifix, he is represented as hoisted upon his own invincible "hammer."

St. Patrick's Cross also appears to have had its origin in the same "pagan" fiery Sun Cross as that of "St. George.”

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Ib., 8 and 562; but in Derbyshire at an earlier date in Novr.

1 S.S.S. 130.

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St. Patrick, as we have seen, was a Catti or Scot of "The Fort of the Britons" or Dun-Barton, who went to Ireland, or "Scotia " as it was then called, on his mission to convert the Irish Scots and Picts of Erin in 433 A.D. He appears to have incorporated the Sun and Fire cult of his ancestral Catti into his Christianity. This is evident from his famous "Rune of the Deer" in consecrating Tara in Irelandwherein the name "Deer," the Sumerian Dara, now seen to be the source of our English word "Deer," is the basis of one of the Hitto-Sumerian modes of spelling the godname of In-Dara, who, we shall see, is symbolized by the Deer or Goat. And the Sun is also called "The Deer" in the Gothic Eddas, and thus explains the very frequent occurrence of the Deer carved as a solar symbol on pre-Christian Crosses and other monuments in Britain, as well as on Early Sumerian and Hittite sacred seals, and sculptures, as figured and described below.

In his "Rune of the Deer" St. Patrick invokes the Sun and Fire in banishing the Devil and his Serpent Powers of Darkness:

"At Tara to-day, in this fateful hour
I place all Heaven with its Power,
And The Sun with its Brightness,
And the Snow with its Whiteness,
And Fire with all the Strength it hath.

All these I place

By God's almighty help and grace

Between myself and The Powers of Darkness !

And there are repeated references to St. Patrick using his Cross to demolish Serpent and other idols and to work miracles with it, as did the Hitto-Sumerians. And he did so at a period before the True Cross had become identified with the Crucifix.

Thus, we discover that the Crosses of the British Union Jack, as well as the Crosses of the kindred Scandinavian ensigns are the superimposed "pagan" red Sun Crosses and Sun-god's Hammer of our Hitto-Phoenician ancestors, which those "pagan" forefathers had piously carried aloft as their own

Ed. E. Sharpe in Lyra Celtica, 17.

UNICORN OF ANDREW IS INDARA'S

329

standards to victory through countless ages, and which have been unflinchingly treasured as their standards by their descendants in England, Scotland and Ireland, even after their conversion to Christianity, and who ultimately united them into one monogram at the reunion of the kindred elements in the British Isles into one nation-two of the Crosses in 1606, and "St. Patrick's" added in 1801.

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ROYAL. ARMS OF SCOTLAND

FIG. 58. Unicorn as sole supporter of old Royal Arms of Scotland and associated with St. Andrew and the "Cross."

Note the Unicorn is bearded like a Goat, and wears a crown like Hittite, Fig. 4.

The Unicorn, also, which is the especial ancient heraldic animal of the Scots, the sole supporter of the royal arms of

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Scotland, the surmount of the ancient town or market crosses of Edinburgh, Jedburgh, etc., the supporter or shield of the chief families bearing the family surname of “Scott,” and joined to the Lion (or, properly, Leopards) of England by James I. (VI. of Scotland) on the Union, is now disclosed to be the sacred Goat or Antelope of Indara, the Uz or Sigga, Goat, or Dara or Deer-Antelope of the Hitto-Sumerians, imported into Early Britain with Indara worship by the Barat Phoenician Catti or Early Goths in the "prehistoric period. It is already seen figured in the early Hittite rocksculpture (Fig. 4, p. 7) as "One-horned," standing by the side of the first Aryan Gothic king. This "one" horn, however, is merely the apparent result of this royal totem Goat wearing over its horns the long Phrygian cap of the Early Goths, like the king himself and his officials, but this latterly gave rise to the legend that the totem Goat had only one horn.

The Goat was the especially sacred animal of Indara, as recorded in the Sumerian and Vedic texts, some of which are cited in the heading; and Indara himself was, as therein cited, called by the Sumerians "The He-Goat "; and Thor and his Goths are also called "He-Goats" in the Gothic Eddas, wherein Thor is called "Sig-Father," the identical name by which Bel also is called, i.e., by the Sumerian Goat name.

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The title Sig or " the horned," the root of Sigga" Goat," appears to have given its name to the peaked Hittite or Phrygian" cap Sag (seen in that figure) as well as to its wearers, and thus explains the horned head-dress of the Hitto-Sumerians, Early Britons and Goths. It had the synonym of Guds which seems to be the source of both "Goat" and "Goth." Gud or Gut appear to be applied

E.g., Scotts of Buccleugh line.

Indara, the Creator-Antelope (Dara)

The He-Goat who giveth the Earth. (S.H.L., 280 and 283. On Elim for He-Goat see before.) 3 Br., 3374. Sig is also title of the Mountain Goat (Br. 3376, and cp. under Armu M.D., 102); and is the source of Caga "goat" in Sanskrit. 4 Br., 3388 (horn), 10899 (goat). Its Akkad equivalent, sapparu, seems

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GOAT EPONYM TOTEM OF HITTITES & GOTHS 331

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to the Goat itself. Hence the ruling Hittite titles of "Sag" and "Gud" and "Gut" would explain why the Goths or Guti were called by the Greco-Romans both Geto and Sakai or Saca-the latter being obviously the source of "Sax-on," and of the royal Indo-Aryan clan of Sakya to which Buddha belonged, and the latter Hittite tribe of Sagas," who recovered Palestine from Akenaten, and whose name is defined as "people named Kas-sa,"s i.e., obviously the Kaśi or Kassi. Similarly, the Uz Goat name, which appears to have become Uku when applied to the people, seems to be the source of the name "Achai-oi" or Achai-ans for the leading tribe of early Aryans in Greece, as well as the Greek aix and Sanskrit aja for “goat.

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The Goat appears thus to me to have been selected for this totem position by the Early Aryans or Sumerians or Goths, partly on account of its name resembling rebus-wise the tribal name of "Goth," partly because of the Early Aryans having been presumably Goat-herds in the mountains before their adoption of the settled life and their invention of Agriculture and Husbandry, and partly because the bearded and semi-human appearance of the Goat's head offered a strikingly masculine yet inoffensive effigy for their institution of the Fatherhood stage of Society, in opposition and in contrast to the primeval promiscuous Matriarchy of the Chaldee aborigines of the Mother-Son cult, with its malignant and devouring demonist totems of the Serpent, Bull-Calf, Vulture or Raven, and Wolf of Van or Fen (the Wolf exchanging also with the ravening Lion), and demanding bloody and even human sacrifices. And the fusion of these four totems is the origin of the Dragon.

Thus we find that the antagonism of the Goat (or "Unicorn") to the Lion (or Wolf or Dragon) is figured freely on Sumerian and Hitto-Phoenician seals from the earliest

Gud="sharp-pointed

(Br., 4708) or "horned animal" (P.S.L., 159); and Gut, horned animal," also Gut, warrior class " (Br, 3677 and 5732, P.S.L., 169). The horned head sign Al with Sumer equivalent of Gud= Alu, stag (M.D., 39) and Al has Sumer equivalent of Guti (Br., 942-3, and M.D., 939) and cognate with Elim or Ilim, "He-Goat.'

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AL (W), 67, l. 21; 88, l. 13 and 18, etc. They are also called Habiri in Sumerian and Hafr is the ordinary title for the Goth soldiers of Thor in Eddas, and is defined as He-Goat" (V.D., 231). 'Br.,4730. Br.,5915.

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