period, and also on Early Briton monuments and coins (see Figs. 59, 60), and that Indara himself is sometimes represented as a Goat or Deer (Dara) as the slayer or tamer of the demonist Lion, as is recorded also in the Vedic hymn which says: "Indra for the Goat [Goths] did to death the Lion." Yet so little is our modern heraldry aware of the facts facts of origin, meaning and function of the "Unicorn," that it now represents that invincible Aryan totem of the Sun Cross-and of Ia or Jove and Thor and of Heaven, and of our ancestral Aryan originators of the World's Civilization-in the form of a one-horned horse, but significantly bearded like a Goat, and bound in chains and set alongside of its vanquished foe of Civilization, which is supposed to have been its victor-the ravening Lion totem of the demonist Chaldee aborigines! Whereas in the old Hittite seals, it is the Lion which wears the collar and chain (see Fig. 59 L.), whilst the Unicorn or Goat is the victor through Indara and his archangel.

The Goat," the swift-footed one of the mountains of sunrise," is represented by the Sumerians as the Sun itself and a form of the Sun-god, though less frequently so than is the winged Sun or Sun-Hawk or Phoenix-the horse only appearing in the very latest period. In the Vedic hymns also, the Sun is sometimes called "the Goat," with the epithet of "The One Step," presumably from its ability to traverse the heavens to the supplicant in "one step" :the One-Step Goat,

"The Ruddy Sun

By his strength, he possessed Heaven and Earth." This "One Step Goat" in the Vedas is in especial conflict and contact with the Dragon of the Deep, just as we have seen was the Resurrecting Sun, the vanquisher of the Serpent-Dragon of the Deep and Death.

In this capacity and in its struggle with the Lion or Wolf of Death, and as the rebus for "Goth," the Goat is freely represented on Hitto-Sumerian seals and on Phoenician and Greco-Phoenician coins, in association with the Sun Cross and the protecting Archangel Tas; see. Fig. 59 and also

1 R.V., 7, 18, 17.

2 Atharva Veda, 13, 1, 6.

HITTO-SUMER ORIGIN OF UNICORN

333

later. And significantly it is similarly figured on Early Briton prehistoric monuments, pre-Christian Crosses, and Ancient Briton coins, and also in association with the Sun Cross, and often the protecting Archangel Tas or Tasc, see Fig. 60, and further examples later.

This picture of a "Goat" (in Old English Goot and Gote, Eddic Gothic Geit, Anglo-S. Gat and Scots Gait) in these scenes appears clearly to be used as a rebus picture-sign for "Goth" (properly Got or Goti1) or Geta, Sumerian Guti, Kud or Khat; just as the battle-axe picture-sign was used for their tribal title of "Khat-ti" or "Hitt-ite." The hieroglyphic practice of using rebus pictures for proper names continued popular in Greco-Phoenician and Greek coins in Asia Minor down to the Roman period. This now explains also the references to the sacred Goat and Indra in the Vedic hymns. e.g., "The lively Goat goeth straightway bleating to the place dear to Indra."

We now discover that the Sumerians and Hitto-Phoenicians or Early Goths called themselves, or their leading clans, by the names of "Goat," or by names which were more or less identical in sound with their name for Goat, and so made it easy for the picture of the Goat to represent rebuswise their title of "Goth."

This sacred character of the Goat as the totem animal of the Sumerians and Goths, and the source of the legend of the Unicorn, in its victory over the Lion, and as the hallowed animal of Indara or Andrew, now explains the fact of the Goat being still the mascot of the Welsh Cymri, and also the frequency of St. Andrew's Cross in the pre-Christian and early Christian monuments in Wales, and in parts of England. And the figures of the Goat in association with

"

or

1 The later historical Goths of Europe and Eddic Goths spelt their name Got and Goti, the th ending is a corruption introduced by the Romans. 'These devices are called by numismatists speaking badges types parlants." Examples are Bull (tauros) at Tauro-menium, Fox (Alopex) at Alopeconnesus, Seal (†hōke) at Phocæa, Bee (melitta) at Melitæa, Goat (aix), supposed to be confined to cities called Aegae, Rose (rodon) at Rhodes, etc.; cp. M.C.T., 17, etc., 188.

R.N. 1, 162, 2.

Further details in my Aryan Origin of the Phænicians. 5 See references in above notes.

"

FIG. 59.-Goats (and Deer) as Goths" of Indara protected by Cross and Archangel Tas (Tashub Mikal) against Lion and Wolves on Hitto-Sumerian, Phoenician and

Compare with Briton examples in Fig. on opposite page. Detailed references on p. 336.

FIG. 60.-Ancient Briton Goats (and Deer) as "Goths" of Indara protected by Cross and Archangel Tascia (or Michael) against Lion and Wolves.

From ancient monuments, caves, pre-Christian Crosses and Briton Coins. Compare with HittoPhoenician examples in Fig. on opposite page. Detailed references on

PP. 336 and 337.

St. Andrew's Cross and other solar symbols on the Early Briton coins, and especially in the tin coins of Cornwall (and sometimes with the name Inara and "Ando,")1 and in forms identical with those existing on Hitto-Phoenician ་ "Andy" is a recognized contraction for " Andrew," see, e.g., Carnegie's autobiography.

REFERENCES TO FIG. 59, P. 334.

a W.S.C., 23, archaic Hittite seal (of about 3000 B.C.). Goats defended from Wolves by Cross, and below are day and "night linked Sun's disc, the original of “ spectacles on British

b

с

monuments.

"

Ib., 69. Goat worshipping Cross, with rayed Cross below.
Ib., 526, 539. Another of same. d Ib., 494, with Crosses,
revolving rayed Sun of Swastikoid form.

Ib., 996. Archaic Hittite seal. Wolves attacking Goat which is
saved by revolving Sun in "spectacles" form.

f C.S.H., 308 (Hittite). Goat at decorated Cross defended against

a

Wolf.

W.S.C., 525. Kassi seal of Tax (Tas or Tashub) saving Goat under
the Cross from the Wolf, with rayed and lozenge Sun ornament
in base.

C.C., Figs. 295-298. Tax or Tashub-Mikal saving Deer from Lion;
from Phoenician coins of Azubal from Phoenician ruins at
Kitium in Cyprus, inscribed "King Bel." i W.S.C., 597.
Another of same from Hitto-Sumer seal.
C.S.H., 302. Another Hitto-Phoenician form of same under Cross-
like tree or "Fruit-Cross."

W.S.C., 949. Hittite seal of Tashub-Mikal winged, and clothed in
lion's-skin as Hercules, defending Goats under "Celtic Cross;
and behind is vanquished lion chained, with collar and rope.
Note also" Ionic "capital already in this Hittite seal of about
1400 B.C. Analogous Hittite seals in W.S.C., 946-7, 955,
987, etc.

Ib., 1195. Goat worshipping St. Andrew's Cross and Sun discs
from seal in Phoenician grave in Cyprus.
Goat protected by St. Andrew's Crosses.
Another with a 2-transverse-barred Cross.

n Ib., 488. p Ib., 490.

A.E., 1917, 29 (after M. Bénédite) Tax taming the Lions, on ivory handle of dagger of about 4000 B.C., supposed to be from Asia Minor.

W.S.C., 1023. Tax and assistant vanquishing the Lion, at the winged "Celtic" Cross of the Sun, on Hittite sacred seal.

REFERENCES TO FIG. 60, P. 335.

E.C.B., H. 9. Archaic tin Brito-Phoenician coin (in Hunter
Museum, Glasgow) showing Goat under three Sun discs, en-
graved in precisely the same technical style as archaic Hittite
Cross Seal, Fig. 59, a, and in the Sumero-Phoenician m and p.
Six other varieties in E.C.B., Pl. H.

b S.S.S., 2. Illust. Pl. 31, 10-11. Prehistoric rock-graving from Jonathan's Cave, East Wemyss, Fife. Compare HittoSumerian, Fig. 59, a-d. The Goat or Deer is going for protection to Cross, which is studded with knobs like the HittoSumerian "Fruit" Crosses. Other analogous Goat and Deer Stone Crosses, S.S.S., 1, 59, 69, 89, 91, 93, 100; 2, 101, 106.