BRITANNIA IN THE VEDAS, ETC. 59 colony) etc. She is "Lady of Health," and "The Foodbestower" [thus accounting for the cornucopia and heads of corn on the coins]. She shelters, protects and aids her Barat votaries" [thus accounting for the "Saviour" (sōter) title of the Greco-Roman goddess of Fortune], and she "bestows good mornings." She is "slayer of the leviathan brutes (vritra)," [thus accounting for her warrior's helmet of Hittite pattern and shield]; and she" speeds forth our cars.' The name "Fortuna," by which the Romans called this Barat tutelary goddess of Good Fortune,' as well as the English word " Fortune," now appear to be coined from her title of "Barati"-the letter F being interchangeable dialectically with P and B, as we have seen in the Egyptian "Fenkha" for "Phoenic" and in the Greek Pyr for Fire, and P with B; and its affix una or "one" is now disclosed to be derived from the Hitto-Sumerian ana ("one"), thus giving the title of "The one of Barats" (or "Fortune "). The o came in dialectically like the w in Prut on the Newton Stone and the u in Brut, the name of the first Briton king in the Ancient British Chronicles, as we shall see later. "Fortuna" was figured in identical form and symbols with Barati and Britannia and in the same associations with water." Further striking positive inscriptional proof of this Bārati title for the Aryan marine tutelary (Britannia) and also of her Phoenician origin is now gained from the records of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, both of which lands are now disclosed in these pages to have derived their Civilization from the Aryan Phoenicians. 1 Coins of Syracuse, Brit. Museum post-cards xxiv, Figs. 1, 2, 7, and 9; and see below, note 6. R.V., 2, 3, 1, 4, as Brihad-the-Divine. R.V., 1, 22, II. 4 R.V., 3, 6, 23. 5 R.V., 2, I, II. This speeding of cars she is said to perform in association with the Aswins (or Dioscorides), solar horsemen, thus explaining her representations on the Syracuse coins (see footnote 1), as well as figures holding the rudder, and standing on the prow of ships in the coins. 'The special temple to Fortuna in Italy was at Præneste, on a tributary of the Tiber, not far from where the exiled Trojan Æneas, the traditional ancestor of the first Briton king, established his Latin capital. As "Fortuna," inscribed Roman altars to her were found in the baths on Roman wall at Castlecarry and at Bowes in Yorks (G. Macdonald Roman Wall, in Scotland, 343,); and there are others to her as "Britanni" (Ib. 329). 1 Amongst the deities of Ancient Egypt is a protective goddess named, "Bäirthy,' goddess of the Water," whose name and functions are thus seen to be precisely those of the Aryan tutelary Bārati (or Britannia). She is one of several deities in the Egyptian pantheon who are called by Egyptologists "foreign," or imported from Syria and elsewhere, notwithstanding that several of the leading "indigenous Egyptian" deities, such as the Sun-god Horus, Osiris and Isis are also admittedly imported, also from "Syria” in certain traditions; and, according to Egyptian myth, this particular "Goddess of the Waters" (Bairthy) herself was "the mother" of the above-cited triad. And under her title, in the inscription below, as "Goddess of the Waters," she is also of the solar cult and supports "the Boat of the Sun-god." She is represented in art, moreover, by the ancient Egyptians (see Fig. 17) as a seated queen in the same general form and pose as in the Asia Minor coins of FIG. 17. Brit-annia tutelary of Phoenicians in Ancient Egypt as Bäirthy, "The Mother of the Waters” (Nut) or "Naiad." (After Budge.) Compare the horns on her head with those of "Barat" on her coin This is the spelling of the Egyptian hieroglyphs of her name (see Fig. 18 below) by the generally recognized phonetic transliteration; but it is rendered" Bairtha" in B.G.E., 2, 281. In the spelling of her title " Nut" or "Goddess of the Waters "--which appears to be a variant of "Naiad " -the determinative sign for "Sky" is sometimes, as here, omitted; see B.G.E., 2, 108. B.G.E. 2, 109. Ibid. 2, 99, and Fig. there. BRITANNIA IN ANCIENT EGYPT 61 Barati (Fig. 14, p. 55), and bearing a similar pitcher on her head (symbolizing the Waters) and holding a long spearlike sceptre and the handled Cross-sceptre, corresponding to the Cross on the throne of Barati and on the shield of Britannia. She is further entitled "The Lady Protector of Zapuna,1 a seaport city which is usually identified with the " Zephonby-the-sea" of the Hebrew Old Testament account of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt to the Sinai desert,' But this name, usually transliterated “Zapuna," reads in full in the Egyptian hieroglyph texts ZA-PUNAQ(m),' and thus appears to mean "The Sailings of the Punaqs (i.e., of the Phoenicians)" (see Fig. 18 for the hieroglyphs of her name and title). But the more important and presumably original city or district of "Za-Puna(q)," with its temple to its protective tutelary, of which the Suez one appears to have been only a transplanted namesake, was situated significantly in Northern Phænicia. This Phoenician place is also mentioned by an Assyrian king about 950 B.C. under the title of "The country of Bi-'i-li Za-Bu-na(or Za-pi-na)" designating it as under the protection of the Lady of Bil or Bel,' 1 See f.n. 3. Exod. 14, 2. Near Suez and thus presumably a port of the Phoenicians who were the chief mariners of the Egyptian coast and Red Sea, and who in the time of Solomon had two ports in the other northern arm of the Red Sea (1 Kings, 9, 26, etc.) and who still had several river-port settlements in Egypt so late as the time of Herodotus. Budge, op. cit. 2, 281 spells it " Tchapuna" by transliterating the letter Z as Tch, and by omitting the last hieroglyph which has the value of Qm or Q. This latter sign was used in later times as a " determinative " (or sign to fix the meaning of a word) for foreign tribes and cities; but "in the Old Kingdom" its use as a "determinative" was very limited (G.H.52); and when so used it is not usually used by itself as here, but is followed by the sign for country or people, neither of which occur here. Yet even if it be treated as this foreign tribal affix to the name Puna," the latter may still represent the Egyptian Panag or Fenkha or " Phoenician," because the Egyptians were in the habit of dropping out the final G or Q or Kh of this name, as seen in their "Bennu" for the "Phoenix," Sunbird of the Phoenicians, and the Roman Pun (or "Punic") for Phoenician; and the Egyptians were in the habit, as we shall see, of substituting Q for G, K and Kh. " Za" to travel, to sail;" see P.V.H., 731-2 under "Tá "; and B.E.D., 894 under " Tch." 5 Müller Asien und Europa, 315. In an inscription of Tiglath Pileser II. for which the cuneiform is cited by B.G.E., 2, 282 with transliteration as "Ba-'-li Sa-pu-na." the Father-god and Lord of the Sun. Moreover, this "Lady Protector [Băirthy] of Za-pu-na [-gu?]" is invoked by a Babylonian emperor about 680 B.C. as "a Phænician god across the Sea" to bring down upon the ships of his enemies at sea an evil wind to destroy them and their rigging-that is precisely the especial function of the Aryan Phoenician Barati. B AIR TY of the) Z-A PUNA Qm) NUT. FIG. 18. Egyptian hieroglyphs for the Goddess Bãirthy of the Phoenician sailors. Moreover, the hieroglyph sign employed for spelling this word Za is not the usual serpent-viper sign, but it is the Firedrill (see the sign above the letter z in Fig. 18). This picturesign-whilst giving us the picture of the later-developed form of the two sticks of the Fire-drill for producing the sacred fire by friction for Sun-worship, in which the lower one is the matrix and the upper one the revolving stick, which was rapidly rotated between the palms of the operator until fire resulted-appears to be of special Phoenician import, to designate that land of Bairthy as the Land of Phoenicia, for the Phoenicians freely used the Fire-drill symbol for the Sun, as we shall see. Za, spelt by the same signs as in the above (Fig. 18), not only means "to sail, make The cuneiform text (see next note) has two signs after na, the first of which is possibly gu, which would give Za Punagu, wherein the latter name would be "Phoenicia." 'Kuyunjik fragment Brit. Museum Cuneiform Text, No. 3,500, Col. 4, 1. 10. BG.E. 2, 282. The cuneiform word therein rendered "river" primarily means "Sea." BRITANNIA IN CRETE 63 passage" but also "Fire-drill or Fire-stick;" and this name is also spelt more fully in the Ancient Egyptian as Zax with the determinative sign for "wood." Now this is the literal Sumerian word for Fire-brand (Zax) with the synonym of Bil (or Gi-Bil The Great Bil or god Bel), and it also is pictured in Sumerian writing by a Fire-Drill, with the revolving stick in the palm of the hand; thus disclosing again the Sumerian origin of an ancient Egyptian fundamental cultural word. And Za-hi was an actual Egyptian title for the whole Phoenician coast; " and thus presumably designated it as "The Land of the Firecult." Thus the tutelary Bairthy of the Ancient Egyptians and Assyrio-Babylonians appears to have been designated by them as "The Warrior Water-goddess of the Sailor Phoenicians of the Land of the Fire-drill cult." The significance of this Fire-cult of the Phoenicians for this votive Sun-monument of the Phoenician Barat at Newton and elsewhere in Early Britain will appear later. Besides being the original of Britannia, this Phoenician tutelary Barati, or Brihad-the-Divine, is now seen to be presumably the Brito-Martis tutelary goddess of Crete, an island which, we shall see, was early colonized and civilized by the Phoenicians, who are now disclosed as authors of the so-called " Minoan " Civilization there. This goddess BritoMartis was a Phoenician goddess, according to the GrecoRoman legends. She was the divine "daughter" of Phoinix, the Phoenician king of Phoenicia, and was armed like Diana, with whom she was latterly identified,' with weapons for the chase, as she is also represented on Early Hittite seals,' and like the tutelary goddess Parthenos, a form also of 'B.E.D., 849. Ib., 894b, see under Tcha. " Ib. 894a, and Za-tu also means Fire, Burn," goob. 'See Br. 4577 and P.S.L., 362. • Maspero Hist. anc. de l'Orient, cited by P.V.H., 736. • Callimachus' Hymn to Artemis; and Antonius Liberalis, Metamorphoses ch. 30. 7 S., 478, 12. C.S.H., 1922. Pl. 1, Fig. 1, and p. 17. The place of origin called Lulubi," we shall see, is Halab or modern Aleppo in SyriaPhoenicia. |