CATTI IN ORKNEY & SHETLAND 77 inscriptional evidence for the presence of the early Catti or Khatti with their Cassi Sun-Cross, in the region of the Orkneys, actually exists to confirm the historicity of this tradition of the visit of the early Catti to "the Orkney Islands." [At Lunasting on the mainland of Shetland ("or Land of the Shets," which name, as we shall find, is a softened variant of "Khat," or "Xat," or "Hitt-ite," and the "Ceti" of Early Scot monuments) is a pre-Christian Cross monument bearing an Ogam inscription and on its top a large engraved Sun-Cross of the "Kassi" type (see later). This inscription also has proved such a puzzle to Celtic experts, who have variously deemed it to be "Celtic," "Gaelic," "Welsh," etc., that the Celtic scholar, Dr. A. Macbain, petulantly declares that: "it is neither Welsh nor any other language!" It reads however, I find, without difficulty in a dialect of the Gothic of the Eddas (see text in foot-note); and with strict literalness in translating the Gothic words reads as follows: "(This) Cross at Xattui-Cuh (city) of the Xatt (or Khatt).* (This) Cross (is erected by) Xahht Manann (son of) Hacc Ffeff (who) rests aneath, weening in hope' nigh." W. F. Skene, Highlands of Scotland, 1902, 398. It is published by B.O.I., 365, pl. 49; and compare Southesk P.S.A.S., 1884, 201f., whose transliteration of the Ogam differs but little from mine, and in particular he renders the critical names in question “Xattui-cuh,” "A atts " and "Aahhtt" respectively, transliterating the same sign X, when loosely written as Aa in the two latter instances. On the other hand, Dr. W. Bannerman (P.S.A.S. 1908, 343f.) reads the inscription in reverse direction or upside down! My transliteration of this Lunasting inscription into Roman letters is as follows-the inherent short a of the consonants being expressed in small type and the other letters in capitals: + XaTTUI CUH XaTTS: ±H XaHHTT MaNaNN: HaCC FFEFF: NEDT. ON Na. 'The final s in the text XaTTS is the genitive not only in Gothic but in Hitto-Sumerian and Kassi, and it thus corresponds to possessive affix 's of the English language, now disclosed to be derived from the HittoSumerian, through the British Gothic. On the Cuh affix, see subsequent text. The Nedt of the text is the literal equivalent of the English "neath.” the Gothic Eddic Nedr, the Scandinavian Nad, "rest," neath, beneath; (compare V.D. 448, 450) and is, I find, derived from the Sumerian and Kassi Nad lie down, resting place." Compare B.B.W. II, 203-which is thus disclosed to be the remote Hitto-Sumerian source of the Scottish "nod" and English neath" and nether." " " The On of the text is the Eddic On for Von, Won or Van, the English "ween" and "fain" and " yearn and is usually translated by Scandinavians as meaning " hope (cp. V.D., 472, 684,-5). It appears to be derived from the Sumerian Inu"to plan, heart, secret" (cp. B.B.W. ii, 14, and P.S.L. 192.). The final Na of the text seems the Eddic Na or "nigh." (cp. V.D., 447). " The term Cuh for "town" or city," for this old town of the Khatti or Xatti in Shetland, where this Cassi Cross monument is recorded as having been erected, is of especial Hitt-ite significance. It is now disclosed as being obviously the equivalent of the common modern name "Koi" for a "town throughout the old "Land of the Hittites" in Asia Minor. Thus, the old chief capital of the Hitt-ites in Cappadocia is still called Boghaz Koi or "Boghaz town." Boghaz town." It also seems to me to be the Hitt-ite origin of the common modern term for town or village in Indo-Persia, namely the nasalized "Ga(n)w. It also seems to be the Hitt-ite origin presumably of the affix Cu, Go, Gow of place-names in several of the older centres of civilization in Scotland, such as "Glas-cu "-the old spelling of "Glasgow "-and thus giving the meaning of " Town of the Gaels (?)"; "Cads-cu "or" Town of the Cads (or Phoenicians)," the old documentary spelling of Cadzow, the original name for Hamilton (residence of the premier Duke in Scotland) on the Clyde, with its old pre-Christian Cross (see Fig. in Chapter XIX.); "Lar-go" on the Fife coast, with its cave-deposits of prehistoric men, "standing stones" and pre-Christian Cross monuments; "Linlith-gow," an ancient residence of the kings in Scotland; and so on. Further evidence for the presence of early Khatti in the Orkney region is forthcoming from the district-names on the adjoining mainland. Thus "Caithness," the ancient" Kataness" or " Nose (of the Land) of the Caiths or Kata," a people who are now disclosed to be the Catti or Khatti (or Hittites). And the contiguous "Sutherland" was, up till the Norse period of about the ninth century A.D., called "Catuv" or "Catland" or " Land of the Cats," that is, the " Catti" or Hitt-ites. And the Duke of Sutherland is still called locally "Diuc Cat or "Duke of the Cats" (i.e., Catti).] " Moreover, the tribal title given to Part-olon by Geoffrey above noted, as " of the Bar-clenses" confirms still further his identity with the Phoenician author of our Newton Stone inscription. This prefix "Bar" is obviously the early contracted form of "Barat," which was written by the Sumer-Phoenicians simply as "Ba-ra"; and "clenses" is obviously a latinized form of our Phoenician's Gyãolownie" or "Gioln"-the "Uchlani" title of the Cassi tribe of Catti, which, we have already seen, represents apparently the Hittite Cp. Mackay's commentary on Ptolemy's Geography of Scotland in P.S.A.S. 1908, 80. PART-OLON'S PHOENICIAN TITLES " 79 title of " Khilāni," and a term which was especially current in Cilicia,1whence, our author tells us in his inscription, he came. And we thus see why the Briton Catti king, with lineage directly continuous from the first Brit-on king Brut" (see Appendix I), and living in the more highly civilized part of Britain in the south, with only nominal rule north of the Forth (according to the Chronicles), should have befriended his fellow-clansman Part-olon in extending Hitto-Phoenician civilization and colonization in this remoter part of Britain, when he learned that he was of the "Bar-clenses," for this was the same Catti or Hitt-ite clan to which that Early Briton king himself belonged. The further title given to Part-olon of "Son of Sera or Sru" in the Irish chronicles' is a striking confirmation of his Hitto-Phoenician ancestry. This ancestral name “Sera or Sru" obviously preserves the patronymic king Barat's front title of "Sar," which was the favourite form of the ancestral Barat's name selected by the founder of the First Phoenician Dynasty in Mesopotamia, who regularly called himself "Son (or descendant) of Sar." It thus attests the remarkable authenticity of the tradition of the Irish-Scots, whilst further confirming the Aryan HittoPhoenician ancestry of Part-olon, who is now revealed on the solid basis of concrete history as the first civilizer, not only of Ireland, but of the north of Scotland, about four hundred years before the dawn of the Christian era. The migration of Part-olon from Cilicia to the British Isles about 390 B.C., according to the British Chronicle historical tradition (see Appendix I), was probably owing to the massacring invasion and annexation of Cilicia and Asia Minor by the Spartan Greeks in 399 B.C. These Spartan invaders were significantly opposed by the Phoenician fleet in 394 B.C., but not finally defeated by the Phoenicians at 1 M.D., 315. Book of Leinster (Book of Dun) 15a, 234, etc. "Partolon mac Sdairn meic Seura meic Sru (see CAN 229). For reading Sera see R.H.L., 580f. Goialdus in Topographia Hibernica (Dict. 302, Rolls ed. 5, p. 140) calls him "Sere filius de stirpe Japhet filii Noë (Noah)." 'Detailed proofs in my Aryan Origin of the Phœnicians, sea till 387 B.C. (see Appendix I). And the escape of Partolon about 390 B.C. (and Part-olon is recorded to "have been driven out" of his country), occurring in this interval of the occupation of Cilicia by the Spartan enemies of the Phoenicians is significant, and is in keeping with the record in the British Chronicle, which is thus confirmed by the positive facts of known contemporary history of Part-olon's homeland in Eastern Asia Minor at that period. LOCAL SURVIVAL OF PART-OLON'S NAME Disclosing Phoenician origin of names Barthol, Bartle and Bartholomew, and "Brude" title of Kings of the Picts. THE local survival of the name of this Brito-Phoenician Part-olon in several parts of the district of his monument at Newton confirms still further the decipherment of his name on his monument, as well as the ancient, though now forgotten, importance of his name in the history of Civilization in Northern Scotland. Whilst there is Wartle and Wart-hill a few miles to the east of Part-olon's monument (w, p and b being dialectically interchangeable, as we have seen), and Bourtie is the name of the parish a few miles down in the Don Valley below the Stone, on the way to the sea, what seems more significant is the ancient hamlet bearing the name of "Bartle" or "Barthol Chapel" which stands about nine miles to the north-east of the site of the Stone (see map, p. 19) in the old parish of Tarves. Bartle or Barthol Chapel occupies the site and preserves the name of an ancient Roman Catholic chapel dedicated to St. Bartholomew, which in pre-Reformation days was latterly transferred to the jurisdiction of the great monastic abbey of Arbroath in the adjoining county of Forfar. In the register of the Arbroath monastery are references to this chapel of Bartholomew, also called the "capella de Fuchull" (or Firchil), dating back to between A.D. 1189 and 1199, referring to its transfer to the monks of Arbroath.1 1 For these historical details regarding Barthol Chapel I am indebted to the kindness of the Rev. A. R. Sutter, minister of Barthol Chapel parish. The present parish of that name was constituted in 1874 at the opening of a memorial church at Barthol by Lord Aberdeen, whose residence is at |