sanitary authority in England, shall be defrayed as general expenses, unless the Local Government Board direct that they shall be defrayed as special expenses.

(2.) A local authority may enter into any contract involving the payment by themselves and their successors of any expenses authorised by this section to be defrayed.

(3.) Where any such local authority have no power to borrow money for the purpose of defraying any expenses authorised by this section, such authority, if other than a surveyor of highways, may, with the consent of the Board of Trade in the case of any harbour board or conservancy authority, and with the consent of the Local Government Board in the case of any other authority, borrow money in manner provided by the Local Loans Act, 1875, on the security of the rates or funds out of which the expenses are authorised to be defrayed, and the prescribed period for the loan shall be such period as the Board giving such consent may approve.

(4.) On the request of any board whose consent is required for such loan, the Board of Trade or Commissioners shall certify such particulars respecting the amount of the said expenses and the propriety of incurring the same and of borrowing for the payment thereof as may be requested by such board.

(5.) In Ireland, any authority borrowing in pursuance of this section may borrow in manner provided by the Public Health (Ireland) Act, 1878, in like manner as if the provisions of that Act with respect to borrowing were re-enacted in this section, and in terms made applicable thereto.

55. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,

Terms defined by the Regulation of Railways Act, 1873, have the meanings thereby assigned to them:

The term " conservancy authority" means

any persons who are otherwise than for private profit intrusted with the duty or invested with the power of conserving, maintaining, or improving the navigation of any tidal or inland water or navigation: The term "harbour board" means any persons who are otherwise than for private profit intrusted with the duty or invested with the power of constructing, improving, managing, regulating, and maintaining a harbour, whether natural or artificial, or any dock:

The term "Lord Chancellor" means the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain: The term "undue preference" includes an undue preference, or an undue or unreasonable prejudice or disadvantage, in

any respect, in favour of or against any person or particular class of persons or any particular description of traffic: The term "terminal charges includes charges in respect of stations, sidings, wharves, depôts, warehouses, cranes, and other similar matters, and of any services rendered thereat:

The term "merchandise" includes goods, cattle, live stock, and animals of all de. scriptions:

The term 66

trader" includes any person sending, receiving, or desiring to send merchandise by railway or canal:

The term "home," in relation to merchan. dise, includes the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man : The term "rating appeal" means an appeal against any valuation list or against any poor rate or any other local rate: The term "Summary Jurisdiction Acts" in Scotland means the Summary Procedure Act, 1864, the Summary Jurisdiction (Process) Act, 1881, and any Act or Acts amending the same; and in Ireland, within the police district of Dublin metropolis, the Acts regulating the powers and duties of justices of the peace for such district, or of the police of such district, and elsewhere, the Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act, 1851, and any Act amending the

same:

as

The term "superior court" means, regards England, the High Court of Justice, as regards Scotland, the Court of Session, and as regards Ireland, the High Court of Justice:

The term "superior court of appeal" means, as regards England, Her Majesty's Court of Appeal; as regards Scotland, the Court of Session in either division of the Inner House; and as regards Ireland, Her Majesty's Court of Appeal:

The term" rules of court" means, as regards Scotland, acts of sederunt.

In the application of this Act to Ireland, the expression "council of a borough," includes town or township commissioners, and any reference to justices in quarter sessions shall be construed to refer to a grand jury; and any reference to the Local Government Board or to an urban or rural sanitary authority, shall be construed to refer to the Local Government Board for Ireland, and to an urban or rural sanitary authority in Ireland.

56. This Act shall come into operation on the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine, which day is in this Act referred to as the commencement of this Act: Provided that at any time after the

passing of this Act any appointment and rules may be made, and other things done for the purpose of bringing this Act into operation at such commencement.

57. Subject to general rules to be made under this Act, all proceedings which, at the commencement of this Act, under the Regulation of Railways Act, 1873, and Acts amending it, or under any other Acts, are pending before the Railway Commissioners, shall be transferred to the Railway and Canal Commission under this Act, and may thereupon be continued and concluded in all respects as if such proceedings had been originally instituted before that Commission.

58. Every action or proceeding which might have been brought before the Railway Commissioners if this Act had been in force at the time when such action or proceeding was begun, and is at the commencement of this Act pending before any superior court, may, upon the application of either party, be transferred by any judge of such superior court to the Railway and Canal Commissioners under this Act, and may thereupon be continued and concluded in all respects as if such action or proceeding had been originally instituted before that Commission: Provided that no such transfer, nor anything herein contained,

Section 59.

shall vary or affect the rights or liabilities of any party to such action or proceeding.

59.-(1.) The enactments mentioned in the schedule to this Act are hereby repealed to the extent therein specified.

(2.) The repeal effected by this Act shall not affect

(a.) Anything done or suffered before the commencement of this Act under any enactment repealed by this Act, or the expiration of any office which would otherwise have expired by virtue of any enactment repealed by this Act; nor

(b.) Any right or privilege acquired, or duty imposed, or liability or disqualification incurred, under any enactment so repealed; nor

(c.) Any fine, forfeiture, or other punishment incurred or to be incurred in respect of any offence committed or to be committed against any enactment so repealed; nor

(d.) The institution or continuance of any proceeding or other remedy, whether under any enactment so repealed, or otherwise, for ascertaining or enforcing any such liability or disqualification, or enforcing or recovering any such fine, forfeiture, or punishment as aforesaid.

Extent of Repeal.

Section four and section five.

Section sixteen, paragraph two, from "The provisions of" to the end of the section. Section three, from "The term 'superior court to the end of the section, section four, section eleven, section twelve, section thirteen, section twenty-one, section twenty-two, section twenty-three, section twenty-four, section twenty-five, section twenty-six from the words "The Commissioners may review" to the end of the section, section twenty-eight, section twenty-nine, section thirty-four, and section thirty-seven.

Section eight, from "and shall continue in force" to "expiration."

An Act to apply the sum of twenty million six hundred and ninety-three thousand three hundred and seventyfive pounds out of the Consolidated Fund to the service of the year ending on the thirty-first day of March one thousand eight hundred and eightynine. (10th August 1888.)

Most Gracious Sovereign, WE, Your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in Parliament assembled, towards making good the supply which we have cheerfully granted to Your Majesty in this session of Parliament, have resolved to grant unto Your Majesty the sum herein-after mentioned; and do therefore most humbly beseech Your Majesty that it may be enacted; and be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. The Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury for the time being may issue out of

the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and apply towards making good the supply granted to Her Majesty for the service of the year ending on the thirty-first day of March one thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine the sum of twenty million six hundred and ninety-three thousand three hundred and seventy-five pounds.

2. The Commissioners of the Treasury may borrow from time to time on the credit of the said sum any sum or sums not exceeding in the whole the sum of twenty million six hundred and ninety-three thousand three hundred and seventy-five pounds, and shall repay the moneys so borrowed with interest not exceeding five pounds per centum per annum out of the growing produce of the Consolidated Fund at any period not later than the next succeeding quarter to that in which the said moneys were borrowed.

Any sums so borrowed shall be placed to the credit of the account of Her Majesty's Exchequer, and shall form part of the said Consolidated Fund, and be available in any manner in which such fund is available.

3. This Act may be cited as the Consolidated Fund (No. 3) Act, 1888.

An Act to amend the Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Ireland), 1877. (10th August 1888.)

BE it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent

of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. This Act may be cited as the Supreme Court of Judicature (Ireland) Amendment

Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice poral, and Commons, in this present Parlia and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temment assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. All marriages solemnised before the passing of this Act according to the rites of the Church of England, by the said George Frederick Wilfrid Ellis, between persons believing him to have been duly ordained, shall be as valid as if the same had been solemnised by a duly ordained clergyman of the Church of England.

2. This Act may be cited as the Marriages Validation Act, 1888.

1. Short title.

An Act to confer Powers on Lloyd's with respect to Signal Stations and Telegraph Communication, and for other purposes. (13th August 1888.)

66

WHEREAS it is expedient for the purpose of assisting in the preservation of life and in the interests of trade and navigation that the Society and Corporation incorporated under the name of " Lloyd's" by section three of Lloyd's Act, 1871 (in this Act referred to as "the Society"), be authorised to acquire compulsorily, with the sanction of the Board of Trade, or by agreement, land for the purpose of signal stations and signal houses, and to arrange for telegraphic communication there. with, at such places on or near the coast of the British Islands as they think fit:

Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. This Act may be cited as Lloyd's Signal Stations Act, 1888.

2. The Society may, subject to the restrictions and conditions contained in this Act, execute the following works and do the following things, namely:

(1.) Establish signal stations and erect and place signal houses with all requisite works, roads, appurtenances, and appliances at such places on the coast of the British Islands, or any islands, shoals, or rocks lying near thereto, as they think fit, and maintain and work the same with a proper staff of keepers, officers, and servants, and from time to time alter or remove any such signal houses or discontinue any such signal stations: (2.) For the purpose of connecting any of the said signal stations or signal houses with each other or with postal telegraph

stations, enter into arrangements with the Postmaster-General for the placing, maintaining, and working of wires for the purpose of telegraphic or telephonic communication by him upon such terms and conditions as he shall prescribe: (3.) Acquire by compulsion or agreement and hold any lands which may from time to time be necessary for any of the above purposes or for the purpose of providing residences and suitable gardens for signalmen and signal-house keepers. Provided that the extent of land to be acquired by compulsion under this Act at any one place shall not exceed two acres exclusive of the necessary means of approach; but nothing in this Act shall empower the Society to take any part of a railway or canal:

(4.) When necessary, but subject to the provisions of the Lands Clauses Act with respect to the sale of superfluous lands, dispose by way of sale, lease, or other. wise, of any lands acquired by them for any of the purposes aforesaid.

3.—(1.) With a view to the purchase of land for the purposes of this Act the Lands Clauses Acts, except the provisions relating to access to the special Act, and except any provisions inconsistent or not applicable to the objects and purposes of this Act, shall be incorporated in this Act, and in construing the Lands Clauses Acts for the purposes of this Act this Act and any Act confirming an order made in pursuance of this Act shall be deemed to be the special Act, and the Society shall be deemed to be the promoters of the undertaking, and the word "land" shall include easements and rights in and over land.

(2.) The Society, before putting in force any of the powers of the Lands Clauses Acts with respect to the purchase and taking of land otherwise than by agreement, shall—

(A.) Publish once at the least in each of three consecutive weeks in the course of the months of September, October, and