voted in the majority on the rejection of the Reform Bill in October last; but Idid not repeat bis hostile vote on the introduction of the second Bill in the House of Peers.

LORD BRANDON.

May 3. At Nice, aged 60, the Right Hon. and Rev. William Crosbie, fourth Lord Brandon, Baron of Brandon, co. Kerry; Rector of Castleisland, in the same county.

The family of Crosbie, which by the death of this nobleman has disappeared from the roll of the Peers of Ireland, was originally derived from Great Crosbie in Lancashire. John Crosbie, who died Bishop of Ardfert and Aghadoe in 1621, was the first of the name who rose to eminence in Ireland. From his elder son descended the family elevated to a Baronetcy of Nova Scotia in 1630, and which is yet existing, unless the unfortunate catastrophe of Sir Edward Crosbie in 1798, be deemed legally to have constituted a forfeiture. From his younger son David descended Sir Maurice Crosbie, who was created Lord Brandon in 1758. His son and successor William was created Viscount Crosbie in 1771, and Earl of Glandore in 1776; which titles expired with his son and successor John in 1815.

The nobleman now deceased was born Nov. 1, 1771, the only son of the Hon. and Very Rev. Maurice Crosbie, Dean of Limerick, (third and youngest son of the first Peer,) by his second wife Pyne, daughter of Sir Henry Cavendish, Bart. of Doveridge Hall, co. Derby, and aunt to the present Lord Waterpark. He was originally a barrister; but, having taken holy orders, was presented to the rich union of Castle Island, where he generally resided, and discharged the duties in person.

On the death of his cousin-german, John second Earl of Glandore, Oct 23, 1815, he succeeded to the barony of Brandon. He had married on the 3d of the preceding May, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Colonel David Latouche, of Upton, co. Carlow, and Knight in Parliament for that county, by Lady Cecilia Leeson, third daughter of Joseph first Earl of Miltown. By this lady, who survives him, he had one son, the Hon. Maurice Crosbie, who died an infant in 1816; and one daughter, the Hon. Elizabeth Cecilia, born in 1817.

Lord Brandon was a man of superior order of mind, and of great literary attainments. He was very much respected and liked by those who enjoyed his friendship. His affections were singularly warm, and his notions of justice

were remarkably rigid. He had been a great traveller in his youth, and was distinguished for his singular acuteness and perception. For the last twenty years he resided chiefly at his romantic cottage, at the upper Lakes of Killarney; but had been for the two last years resident on the continent for the benefit of his health. He was a Vice President of that excellent institution, the Literary Fund Society.

The barony of Brandon is the thirtyeighth peerage of Ireland which has failed for want of male heirs since the Union in January 1801, exclusive of titles extinct in the higher grades, but continued in the inferior dignity. Of these thirty-eight peerages, one, Netterville, has been since claimed; and, if admitted, four extinct peerages will be requisite (instead of three) for the next new creation.

COUNT WORONzow.

June 21. At his residence in Mansfield-street, in his 88th year, General Count Woronzow, formerly Ambassador from Russia to the Court of Great Britain and father-in-law to the late Earl of Pembroke.

Count Simon Woronzow was born at Moscow, in the year 1744, of a noble family, which in point of rank and antiquity was inferior to none in the Russian empire, the princes of the blood of Rurick and St. Waldimir only excepted. His father was Commander in Chief and Governor-general of the province of Waldimir. Count Simon began life as one of the pages in the household of the Empress Elizabeth, daughter of Peter the Great, and, at the death of that princess, entered as lieutenant in the regiment of the Guards Preobazinki. When the revolution took place which brought Catherine II. to the throne, Count Woronzow was one of the very small number in that corps who, remaining faithful to the Emperor Peter the Third, opposed the movement in favour of the Empress, and was, in consequence, put under arrest, together with the Captain of his company, who had adopted the same dangerous line of conduct. Catherine, however, possessed too high a mind and too steady a disposition herself not to forgive those whom she conceived to have done but their duty; and, every opposition to her elevation having readily ceased, Count Woronzow recovered bis liberty at the end of three days.

Before returning to active service, his father sent him to travel first into the interior parts of Russia, which extensive country he traversed in every direction,

before setting off for foreign parts, when he accompanied his uncle, Count Michael Woronzow. Vienna, Italy, Paris, were the places be successively visited. The latter city he saw, for the first time, in the year 1765, and it is remarkable that he never returned to it before 1815, after a lapse of fifty years.

War having been declared by the Ottoman Porte against Russia, at the instigation of a western power of Europe, Count Simon eagerly solicited military employment, and was received as Lieutenant-Colonel of a battalion of grenadiers, at the head of which he was the first to storm the Turkish entrenchments, at the famous battle of Kabul, in 1770, which was considered as the grave of the body of the Janissaries, and as reflecting the last gleam of martial glory which shone upon the Turkish armies. Seventeen thousand Russian soldiers, under the command of FieldMarshal Romanzow, attacked and dispersed, on that memorable day, one hundred and twenty thousand Osmanlis, commanded by the Grand Vizier in person, and defended by a triple line of entrenchments. As a reward for his distinguished conduct on that occasion, Count Woronzow was instantly promoted to the rank of Colonel, received besides the Cross of St. George of the third class, and was soon after appointed to the command of the 1st regiment of Grenadiers. In the year 1772, a momentary retreat of the Russian forces, under the cannon of the fortress of Silistria, having been thought necessary, Count Woronzow, in performing his part of the general manœuvre, found himself surrounded at once, with only 600 of his Grenadiers, by 12,000 Spahis, the flower and choice of the Turkish cavalry; against such fearful odds, he defended himself valiantly, until he was happily disengaged by General Count, afterwards Prince, Potemkin. The services of the regiment, and its Colonel, were handsomely rewarded, at the peace of Kainardgi, in 1773. The Count was made Brigadier-General, and his regiment received the title of Grenadiers of the Empress, who declared herself its only future Colonel, and ordered it to be present at Moscow, at the splendid fêtes or rejoicings which were given there for the celebration of peace. Soon after, Count Woronzow departed again for Italy, in which country he remained down to the year 1781, when he returned to Russia, and married the Lady Catherine, daughter of Admiral Siniavin, chief of a family which bas been without interruption, and as it were hereditarily, in the naval service. In 1782, the Count was appointed Rus

sian minister at Venice. He lost his wife in Italy in 1784, and was removed thence in 1789; to be sent on a special mission in London, where he became soon after resident Minister and Ambassador. From that time, he never ceased to play an important part in the politics, not only of Russia and England, respectively, but of all Europe. Though warmly disposed to liberal ideas in the former and genuine acceptation of the word, he showed himself from beginning to end, in beart and principle, the constant enemy of the French revolution, and the staunch and active supporter of lawful principles, and the legitimate order of succession in hereditary princes.

Particularly well treated, at first, by the Emperor Paul on his accession to the throne, he left his service boldly, and without hesitation, when that monarch thought proper to ally himself with the First Consul, Buonaparte; and it was only on Alexander succeeding to his father's crown that he was re-appointed Ambassador to the Court of St. James. From London he went to Russia in 1802, upon the occasion of his brother, Count Alexander Woronzow, being made Chancellor of State and Minister for Foreign Affairs; but soon returned to England, where in 1808 he married bis daughter Catherine to the late Earl of Pembroke. From that day he never left this country, except for some short excursions to France in 1815 and 1819, which he undertook to see his son, Count Michael, who was Commander-in-chief of the Russian corps, forming a part of the European army of observation, placed under the supreme command of his Grace the Duke of Wellington.

His Excellency was a Nobleman highly esteemed in the distinguished circle in which he moved. The most placid calmness of temper, and perfect mildness of manner, united to the greatest strength of mind, characterised his elevated character. By his death numerous charitable institutions of this country will lose a constant and liberal benefactor; he distributed in charity more than 4700 a year. The Countess of Pembroke and his son Count Michael, were present at their father's decease. He had been confined for some time to his room, but endured no anguish, and passed out of time into eternity with all the meekness and resignation of a spirit that was prepared to meet God. He was noble in mien, simple in manners, kind at heart.

He left positive orders that his remains should be deposited in the church vault of his parish, without any pomp, and in the plainest way possible, direct

ing that a plate of marble should only decorate his tomb with a short inscription, indicative of his name, times of birth and death. His body was conveyed from his late residence, to the Russian Embassy Chapel, followed by six mourning coaches and six noblemen's carriages. Among the mourners were Count Michael Woronzow (the son of the deceased), the Earl of Pembroke, and his principal servants. The service was performed in the Greek ritual; after which the procession moved towards the New Church, St. Mary-le-bone, where the Rev. Mr. Moore met the corpse at the principal door, reading our burial form of service in a most impressive manner. About half past one o'clock the coffin was lowered into the vault containing the remains of one of his grandsons.

His son is at present Governor-general of those parts of Crimea and Bessarabia, honoured now with the appellation of New Russia; but found himself, by leave of absence, in London at the time of the decease of his venerable parent.

HON. EDWARD MONCKTON.

July 1. At Meriden, Warwickshire, aged 87, the Hon. Edward Monckton, of Somerford Hall, Staffordshire, formerly M.P. for Stafford, and Colonel of the Staffordshire Yeomanry; greatuncle to Lord Viscount Galway.

He was born Nov. 3, 1744, the sixth and youngest son of John first Viscount Galway, and the third by his second marriage with Jane, fourth daughter of Henry Warner Westenra, esq. and great-aunt to the present Lord Rossmore. He was elected to parliament as one of the members for Stafford at the general election in 1780; and sat during seven Parliaments, until the dissolution in 1812.

On the retirement of Earl Gower, the present Marquis of Stafford, about 1795, he was appointed colonel of the Staffordshire yeomanry, and held that command until 1829. At the period of the general reduction of that description of force throughout England, in 1826, the Staffordshire regiment was retained in its full amount. The test of the importance of each regiment as a support to the civil power of the country, on which the continuation or suppression of each corps was made to depend, was the number of days' service it had performed, either in a body or detachments, in aid of the civil power, in the course of the ten preceding years. The service of Colonel Monckton's regiment during that period, was stated by the Lieut.-Colonel, in an

address to the corps, to have been eightytwo days. As this demonstrated the occasional expediency of some military force for the support of the magistracy in that district, the county regiment yeomanry cavalry was retained, and its discipline was as creditably maintained by Colonel Monckton as that of any other regiment of a similar description in the kingdom. He received on his retirement letters of thanks from Earl Talbot, the Lord Lieutenant of the county; and from his Majesty, through Mr. Secretary Peel. In his magisterial capacity, Mr. Monckton might be considered as the patriarch of Staffordshire, having been actively engaged in the commission for more than fifty years. In the enjoyment of a large fortune, he employed it in the improvement of his estates, and for the advantage of his neighbourhood. He married, in 1776, the Hon. Sophia Pigot, daughter of George Lord Pigot; and by her had issue nine sons and four daughters: 1, Edward; 2, George; 3, John; 4, Henry, a Major-General in the army; 5, Sophia; 6, Mary-Leonora, who died in 1791, in her 8th year; 7, Philip, who died in 1820, leaving three sons and two daughters; 8, Claude, deceased; 9, Robert; 10, the the Rev. Hugh Monckton, Rector of Seaton, co. Rutland, and Vicar of Harringworth, co. Northampton; 11, AnnaMaria; 12, William; and 13, EmmaFrances.

The family of Mr. Monckton have been remarkable for their great age. His elder brother, the Hon. John Monckton, of Fineshade Abbey, Northamptonshire, died at the age of 90, Jan. 2, 1830 (see a memoir in our vol. ci. 171). Their sister, the Countess dowager of Corke and Orrery, is still living at the age of 84.

LORD ELDIN.

June.. At Edinburgh, aged 74, the Hon. John Clerk, Lord Eldin.

Lord Eldin was the son of John Clerk, esq. of Eldin, the author of a celebrated treatise on Naval Tactics. He I was born in April 1757, and in 1775 was bound apprentice to a Writer to the Signet. His original destination had been the civil service in India, and an appointment in that department bad been promised him; but, some political changes occurring before it was completed, the views of his friends were disappointed, and he turned his attention to the law as a profession. At first be intended to practice as a writer and accountant; but he soon abandoned that lower branch of the profession, and in 1785 he was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates.

As a lawyer, Mr. Clerk was remark able for great clearness of perception, never-failing readiness and fertility of resource, admirable powers of reasoning, and a quaint sarcastic humour that gave a zest and flavour to all he said. For many years he had half the business of the Bar upon his hands. In private life he was distinguished for his social qualities, not less than for his varied accomplishments, including a highly-cultured taste for the Fine Arts.

RIGHT HON. SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH.' May 30. At his house in Langhamplace, aged 69, the Right Hon. Sir James Mackintosh, Kot. a Privy Councillor, one of the Commissioners for the affairs of India, M. P. for Knaresborough, and D. C. L.

Sir James Mackintosh was born at Alldowrie, in the county of Inverness, Oct. 24, 1765. His father, Capt. John Mack intosh, of Kellachie, was the intimate companion of Major Mercer, the poet, who thus spoke of him, in a letter to Lord Glenbervie "We lived together for two years in the same tent, without an unkind word or look. John Mackintosh was one of the liveliest, most good humoured, gallant lads I ever knew." Capt. Mackintosh, being stationed at Gibraltar, left his children, consisting of two sons and a daughter, in the care of their grandfather. Sir James was educated at Fortrose, under Mr. Stalker, and at King's College, Aberdeen, under Mr. Leslie. He also received instructions under James Dunbar, LL.D. Professor of Moral Philosophy, and Mr. Wm. Ogilvie, Professor of Humanity. The late Rev. Robt. Hall was his intimate companion. Having formed an intention of applying to medicine as a profession, he repaired to Edinburgh, and there attended the lectures of Dr. Cullen and Professor Black. He became a member of the Royal Medical Society, of which he was one of the annual presidents, together with John Haslam, M.D. It is said, however, that Mr. Mackintosh received greater pleasure from the Speculative Society, originally instituted in 1764, for the purpose of improvement in public speaking. He there distinguished himself, with Wild, Laing, and Gillies, names afterwards known in the southern portion of the island. Among his intimate friends at Edinburgh were Adam Smith and the Earl of Buchan.

In 1787, he took the degree of M.D. on which occasion he composed a Latin thesis, "De Actione Musculari." He then travelled southward, in company with the eldest son of Sir James Grant, GENT. MAG. July, 1832. 11

of Grant, who about that period became Knight of the Shire for the county of Moray, and might have rendered essential service to the young physician, had he not shortly after fallen into a state of ill health, which obliged him to retire from active life.

In the mean time the attention of Mr. Mackintosh was rather diverted from his professional studies to the science of politics; and in 1789 he published a pamphlet on the Regency question, in which he advocated the arguments of the Whigs. Among the numerous essays on the same subject, however, this pamphlet did not attract attention; and the author shortly after repaired to Leyden, and afterwards visited Liege, in which city he was an eye witness of the memorable conflict between the Prince Bishop and his subjects, a forerunner of the French revolution. On his return he relinquished the use of his medical degree, and entered himself of Lincoln's Inn. In 1789 he married Miss Stuart, of Gerrard-street, sister to Mr. Charles Stuart, the author of several dramatic pieces. She died in 1797, leaving three daughters, who will be noticed hereafter.

It was not until 1791 that the name of Mr. Mackintosh became known to the world. He then suddenly acquired considerable celebrity as the antagonist of Mr. Burke, in "Vindictæ Gallicæ, or a Defence of the French Revolution and its English admirers, against the accusations of the Right Hon. Edmund Barke; including some strictures on the late production of Monsieur de Calonne,” an octavo volume of 379 pages. This dissertation he sold, when only partially composed, for a trifling sum; but the publisher liberally presented the author with triple the original price. At the end of four months the two first editions were dispersed, and a third appeared at the end of August 1791. The talent displayed in this work procured bim the acquaintance of Sheridan, Grey, Whitbread, Fox, and the Duke of Bedford. He was previously intimate with Mr. Brand Hollis, Godwin, and some other even more notorious republicans. The Vindicia Gallicæ called forth the following eulogium from Dr. Parr in his “Sequel:” "In Mackintosh I see the sternness of a republican without his acrimony, and the ardour of a reformer without his impetuosity. His taste in morals, like that of Mr. Burke, is equally pure and delicate with his taste in literature. His mind is so comprehensive, that generalities cease to be barren; and so vigorous, that detail itself becomes interesting. He introduces every question with perspicuity, states it with precision, and

pursues it with easy unaffected method. Sometimes, perhaps, he may amuse his readers with excursions into paradox; but he never bewilders them by flights into romance. His philosophy is far more just, and far more amiable, than the philosophy of Paine,and his eloquence is only not equal to the eloquence of Burke. He is argumentative without sophistry, fervid without fury, profound without obscurity, and sublime without extravagance."

The Vindicia Gallicæ, however, had not been very long published, before Mr. Mackintosh was accidentally led to a correspondence with Mr. Burke, on account of a third party. This led to an interview, and to a visit to Beaconsfield; and on his return to town he frankly owned to his private friends, that he was a convert to the arguments of his quondam antagonist.

In the mean time, Mr. Mackintosh had been called to the bar, but did not for some years attain any considerable practise. As the means of enlarging his income, he was induced to resort to a course of subscription lectures, which were delivered in the Hall of Lincoln's Inn. It is said that the benchers at first refused him the use of their Hall, on account of his Jacobinical character, and that it was not granted until at the repeated request of Mr. Pitt and Lord Loughborough. The lectures were most respectably attended, and their substance was published under the title of "A Discourse on the study of the Law of Nature and of Nations," and "Discourses on the Laws of England." Their author was called to the bar in 1795.

About this time Mr. Mackintosh lost his first wife, a woman endeared to him not only as the mother of his children and the partner of his heart-but as the faithful friend to whom he could freely unburthen himself, and who urged him on to resist his somewhat constitutional indolence. In 1798 he married, secondly, a daughter of J. B. Allen, esq. of Cressella in Pembrokeshire.

After the general election in 1802, Mr. Mackintosh was retained as counsel in several controverted cases, and acquitted himself ably before Committees of the House of Commons. In 1803, he greatly increased his celebrity by his speech delivered in defence of the French journalist Peltier, who was tried at the suit of the Attorney-general for libels on the First Consul of France. In the catalogue of Dr. Parr's library, occurs "Drewe's admired Sermon on the Duty of defending our Country, preached in the cathedral of Exeter Aug. 19, 1803, but written," says Dr. Parr, "in all probability, by Sir James Mackintosh.”

Some letters of Mackintosh to Parr on the latter's epitaphs for Burke and Mrs. Mackintosh, are printed in Parr's Life and Works, vol. viii. pp. 572-576.

We are not informed how long Mr. Mackintosh held the appointment of Professor of General Polity and the Laws in the East India College at Hertford; but it was from that situation that he was removed to the office of Recorder of Bombay, on which occasion he received the honour of knight bood, Dec. 21, 1803.

In India the oratorical talents of Sir James Mackintosh were highly appreciated, and it was whilst he was there resident that he first commenced the composition of his History of England, which was long talked of, but at last (as far as is hitherto published) is dwindled down to three pocket volumes. His departure from India in Nov. 1811, was hastened by a severe illness; he retired from the Recordership with a pension of 12001. from the East India Company.

After his return, be obtained, in July 1813, a seat in the House of Commons, as member for the county of Nairn. In 1818 he was elected for Knaresborough, through the influence of the Duke of Devonshire; and was re-chosen at the subsequent elections of 1820, 1826, 1830, and 1831. He was appointed one of the Commissioners for the affairs of India, Dec. 1, 1830. He was elected Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow in 1822, and again in 1823. Sir James Mackintosh had great disadvantages to contend against as a speaker. Amongst the most prominent was a harsh voice, a strong provincial accent, and an uncouth delivery. But the warmth of his feelings, the power of his language, and the frequent depth of his reflections, enabled him to triumph over every defect, and though it was late in life when be entered, the House of Commons, he acquired a reputation within its walls, such as many have not been able to attain under circumstances much more favourable. It has been objected to Sir James Mackintosh that he was too fond of dealing in panegyric; but he had the art of praising with great delicacy and elegance, and he never employed that power to promote his own interests, or to serve any unworthy object. It may be said that from the outset of his career to the close, he excited expectations which, partly through bodily debility, and principally from an excessive sensibility of taste, he never realized. As a writer he was slow, laborious, and fastidious; that he was a clear and vigorous thinker, his works,' which are few, abundantly testify; his style of composition was remarkable for a constant effort after purity. It is said that he has left a mass of historical ma