After a few days, having come to some habitations and obtained relief, the men returned to where they had left their comrade, with the intention of burying his body, when to their astonishment the man was not only alive, but the fever had left him and he was recovering. Lying by the pool, the sick man had assuaged his burning thirst by drinking of the water, bitter as it was, no doubt, from the trunk of a tree that had fallen and lay rotting in it. Before long the fever left him, and he began to mend.

Jos. E.

Fall for Autumn (Vol vii, p. 132, etc.).—

"But now 'tis autumne that spoiles everything,
Vulgarly tearm'd the Fall o' th' Leafe with us,
And not amisse; for well may't be the Fall,
That brings down blossoms, fruit, leaves, tree and all.”
George Wither, Prince Henrie's Obsequies, 1633; Elegy 9.
O. H. P.

Old-time Hotel Bill, 1829.—In a gold-leaf frame with a purple velvet mat, hung in the private office of Willard's Hotel, is a piece of old-fashioned writing-paper, bearing this inscription:

Festival Cakes in England.—In view of the International Folk-Lore Congress held in March 4-Candles London last summer, numerous specimens of old-time cakes, still made in connection with local festivals, were collected.

66

Total

Received payment,

..$1.25

50

25

5.00

2.00

50.

..$9.50

F. BARNARD.

In the same frame is a photograph with › this inscription:

stopped here in 1829 and saw the inauguration of General.
Hon. Benjamin Patton, the oldest living guest of Willard's,
Jackson.
(Washington Post.)

I am told that the exhibition comprised "Sinnels" (Lancashire, Gloucestershire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Norfolk and Yorkshire); "Parkin" (Lancashire and Staffordshire); "Twelfth-day Cake"; "Soul Cakes" (Shropshire); "Easter Cakes" (Berks, Somersetshire, Norfolk and CornPronunciation of " New Orleans” and “ San wall); Wigs" (Staffordshire); "Chris- Antonio."-Over towards Boston they follow tening Cake" (Cornwall); "Harvest the Websterian style and mince "New OrCakes (Devonshire and Norfolk); "Par-leans" into four syllables, with the accent liament Cakes" (Middlesex); Bread" (Scotch); "Groaning Cake" (Cornwall); "Funeral Cakes" (Yorkshire and Berkshire); "God Cakes" (Warwickshire); "Wake Cakes" (Shropshire and Derbyshire); "Pitcaithley Bannocks" (Scotch); "Cheese Cakes" (Berkshire); "Valentine Buns" (Rutland); "Statute Buns" (Rutland)" "Maids of Honour" (Surrey) "Goosenaugh Cakes" (Lancashire); "Biddenden Maids", "Bath Buns". "Banbury Cakes", "Eccles Cakes", "Bakewell Puddings", "Coventry Cakes" "Chelsea Buns", "Brentford Cakes", "Greek Birth, Christmas, New Year and Easter", and "Turkish Funeral Cake."

Needless to add, I wasn't in it.

JOHNNY CAKE.

Mother of Waters (Vol. vii, p. 142).Still another "Mother of Waters" is the Mississippi, which is so named by the Caddo Indians. In their language that river is called bahat sassin, which literally means "Mother of Rivers."

BERTHA L.

on the antepenult. In New Jersey, Missouri and States of like culture they speak it in three syllables, with the accent heavily on the last. In the Crescent City, where they are supposed to know how to lisp it in its purity, they cut it down to two syllables, "Nor-lins", with the accent on the first. So with the name of the Alamo City, San Antonio. Webster gives it five syllables. But, "San-tone", with the accent on the "tone", seems to be the popular way of pronouncing it in Bexar County.

(Chicago News.)

Poetry and Cash (Vol. viii, p. 142).—Pope,. it is said, received $25,000 for a translation of Homer, of which he only wrote a part, various obscure versifiers doing some share of it. But how much did Homer himself get out of the original poems? I do not believe that Homer (if there ever was such a man), worked for nothing, or that he followed art purely for art's sake. If he did! not get the cash, he probably got the equiv alent in some shape or other.

CYNICUS.

American Notes and Queries:

A MEDIUM OF INTERCOMMUNICATION

LITERARY MEN, GENERAL READERS, ETC.

Copyrighted, 1891, by the Westminster Publishing Co. Entered at the Post-Office, Philadelphia, as Second-class Matter. SATURDAY, APRIL 16, 1892.

Mainz in the year 1357, the order promulgated in the celebrated Golden Bull of the Emperor, Karl IV, was fully carried out. Each Elector was present and feasted in the market place, each in character with the place he held in the Imperial Court. The three Archbishops wore seals around their necks as Arch-chancellors; the Duke of Saxony had a silver peck of oats as Master of the Horse; Markgraf of Brandenberg, with a basin and ewer of gold, as grand seneschal, but when the little Margraves became Kings of Prussia, the fact that at the coronation they must hold the basin for the Emperor to wash his royal hands, came to be considered a great degradation and bitter mark of inferiority. The King of Bohemia was grand butler, with a golden cup, the Pfalzgraf as carver, served the dishes and the Markgraf of Misnia and Count Schwartzenberg as grand huntsman, called up the hounds and killed a deer and stag in the EmE. P.

Venegasia, a Spanish-Californian Jesuit,
Michael Venegas; Whitneya, Prof. J. D.
Whitney; Hulsea, Dr. G. W. Hulse, of
Louisiana; Nicolletia, the Savoyard-Ameri-
can explorer, J. N. Nicollet; the genus
Thurberia was named from George Thurber;
Kalmia was named in honor of Peter Kalm,
a Finnish Swede, who wrote Travels in
North America; Linnæus sent him over to
botanize, but he fell in with a widow at
Swedesboro', N. J., and then fell in love
with her, so that his travels were mostly to
and from her residence. Catesbea was
named for an Englishman, Catesby, who
also published books on America; Coulteria,
Careya, Shortia, Laphamia, Dawsonia and
Cliftonia, commemorate botanists, but
whether they were our American Coulter,
Carey, Short, Lapham, Dawson and
Clifton, I do not know. Lescurea is for the
late (Swiss-American), Leo Lesquereux;
Diervilla, was named in honor of Dierville,
a French colonist in Canada. Will corres-peror's presence.
pondents kindly send corrections and addi-
tions?

G.

PRE-GLACIAL AMERICANS. The newspapers of Boston and especially the Post, have been publishing interesting accounts of the recent extensive finds in New England, of human relics which must date from pre-glacial times. I have lately received from my brother in Massachusetts a letter with the following statement: "I have a stone which— gave me from a Springfield, (Mass.), clay-pit; I find it a very fine relic of pre-glacial man. It has several profile visages very skillfully wrought, and carvings, also." My brother is not a man to be carried away by fancies. He is an experienced and successful collector of Indian relics, and the best amateur geologist of my acquaintance.

N. J.

G.

OLD GERMAN TITLES, NO SINECURES. The mention of the Elector of Hanover as arch-treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire (Vol. viii, p. 224) reminds me of the Court of the Emperor or King of the Romans, where each Elector bore a certain office in the Imperial Household. At a diet held at

THE PORTUGUESE IN EAST INDIA. Portuguese conquerors or more aptly adventurers, soon after the discovery that the East Indies could be reached by water instead of by land, as in the Italian Marco Polo's day, were quickly engaged in an endeavor to harmonize the conflicting interests of a religious propaganda with those of barter and trade. Beginning with the most southern habitable point of Africa after doubling the cape, these doughty warriors speedily disembarked in order to chastise such insolence as refusal of the Moors either to abandon Mahometism in favor of Christianity or humbly accept the iron heel of thraldom, by proxy, of Portugal. As drawn from original records of the early sixteenth century, Pinheiro Chagas in his publication entitled "A Joia Do Vice-Rei", throws a flood of light on the sombre vicissitudes of these, if not just yet bold, rovers of sea and land. When one of the earliest viceroys, D. Francisco de Almeida, in the year 1505 landed his troops to assault an unoffending Moorish city, well up on the east coast of Africa, he found some of the accepted elements of civilized warfare as then understood, overlooked by his adversaries. In a word, to their great grief, the Portuguese

soldiers found the wells which according to Arabic usage were sunk in the courtyards had been poisoned: "No pateo onde, segundo o uso Arabe, se erguia a cisterna cheia de frigidissima aqua", pages 44-6.

One of the most notable features of this religious commercial enterprise of the period indicated is the fact that although by royal degree in Portugal it was made an "inquisitorial" offense (burning at the stake), for anyone convicted of selling Bibles to the Jews anywhere in the kingdom, "the son of an administrator of justice, detailed to an office in India, knowing that in the Orient there was a vast number of Jews, and great want of the Holy Scriptures, thought it would be a good piece of business to carry them for sale. He got together some cases of Bibles, which in all probability he bought cheap in Lisbon, from the Jews there, eager after their violent transformation into recent Christians to get rid of books that put their security to such risk, shipped them in a vessel and followed them to India where he began to sell them at a good price ", uns poucos de caixotes abarratados de Biblias que provavelmente comprara ao desbarato em Lisboa aos Judeus de cà, anciosos, depois de transformados violentamente em Christãos novasre." Ib. p. 103.

It seemed, however, scandalous to the viceroy, who stopped it and confiscated the Bibles, no doubt because at home this sort of sale was inhibited under pain of being burned alive, and stood in the light of direct antagonism to the declared purpose of the Portuguese in the introduction of their Catholic faith, to, at the same time, be the means of a propaganda for the Mosaic dogma. When, therefore, the Bibles were sequestered, the young owner made, as was natural, much ado about it; then the viceroy told him to appeal to the king at home. He appealed and the king supported his claim to sell uninterruptedly his biblical goods to the Oriental Hebrews. Queixou-se, e que fez el-rei? Deu-lhe rasâo. Ib. p. 104.

It seems these hardy Portuguese mariners were greatly surprised to find among the Hindoos the old story of "the maid counting her chickens before they were hatched." "Essa historia conheço-a eu. E' a historia dos ovos de Mofina Mendes." Op. cit. p.

III.

"The editor of Notes and Queries, London, complains of those correspondents who pester him with notes containing unnecessary queries. Questions which are fully answered in a book so accessible as Bartlett's 'Familiar Quotations come with irritating persistency' he declares. The question as to the origin of the phrase 'Pour oil on troubled waters' presents itself every other week." The editor of American Notes and Queries could probably tell the same tale, etc."

So speaks "The Lounger" in the current: issue of The Critic.

Our esteemed New York contemporary furnishes us with an opportunity to make a personal statement; and plainly, straightforwardly, we avail ourselves of it.

The policy of other papers is no business of ours; but, for ourselves, the greyer we grow on the benches of life's school, the closer is our sympathy, the kinder our fellow-feeling for all honest truth-seekers, however humble their standard; and we are free to state that rather than have one of them refrain from communicating with us through fausse honte, we would cheerfully endure the ordeal of one hundred of those "unnecessary queries " which come with such "irritating persistency ", etc., etc.

Of this the many correspondents whom we answer through the post every week are well aware; it is for the benefit of intending querists we wish to say, right here, that under any circumstances, he who does not know and takes the readiest means at his command to acquire knowledge is to us, in very truth, a man and a brother. Towards the swindler who feigns to know that which he does not know, or the fool who claims to know everything, we have no words to express our feelings.

EDITOR AMERICAN N. AND Q.