Rites Of Passage

19th century academies activities adolescence adult adult-sponsored age groups American Annual Report antebellum apprenticeship Association became behavior Boston Boy Scouts boys-work Bushnell Catharine Beecher chap character Chicago child study childhood Christian church cities common culture decades delinquency discipline district schools early 19th century England evangelical experience farm gangs girls graduate growth Hall's Hampshire high school History Horace Bushnell Ibid idea ideal industrial institutions James John juvenile labor late 19th century later lower-class Massachusetts ment middle middle-class moral nurture parents percent period Philippe Ariès Plainville practice professional Protestantism psychology puberty reformers Religion religious conversion revivals role rural Samuel sexual sion social classes society Sons sought Stanley Hall subculture Sunday school teachers teenagers teens tion town traditional tween University of Virginia urban usually village William women YMCA York young men's young people's movement youth counselors youth organizations