exerts it felf only on proper and neceffary Occafions, when his own Honour and the Safety of his People are. immediately concerned.

OEconomy is another excellent Virtue in a Sovereign Prince; efpecially, when the Exigencies and Neceffities of that Community, over which he prefides, require Frugality and good Management.By OEconomy, I do not mean a fordid, niggardly and avaritious Spirit, which is highly unbecoming the Character of a great King, but only fuch a political Parfimony, in the Difpofition of the publick Treasure, as will moft effectually conduce to lighten the Burthen of the Subject, without eclipfing the Luftre of the Crown, or retrenching from the juft Dignity and Grandeur of Him who wears it.

But the most certain, and, indeed, almost infallible Token of a good Reign is, when the Prince applies himfelf perfonally to Bufinefs,examines the State of publick Affairs, makes himself eafy of Accefs, and is always ready to receive the Reprefentations, Complaints or Requests of any of his Subjects; when he takes the Difpofition of Offices, Honours and Preferments into his own Hands, and bestows them according to Merit and former Services. This Conduct in a Prince is highly. advifeable on a double Account, as it tends to make. the People eafy, at the fame Time that it will fecure to himself a Number of faithful and lafting Friends, on whofe Service and Counfel he may always depend; whereas, when a Minifter gets the Afcendant fo far over his Mafter, as to engrofs the Difpofal of all Favours to himself, he will either fell them to the best Bidder, or confer them on fuch Men, as will become the Tools and Inftruments of his own Corruption; both equally deftru&tive of the Intereft of the Prince, and the Welfare of the People!

Indolence is a Rock, which feveral great Monarchs, of excellent Virtues, have fplit upon; for it will generally happen in Courts, juft as it does in private Families, which are feldom feen to flourish, where the Master never looks into his own Affairs, but gives himself up intirely to the Management and Direction of his Servants,The Cafe of a Royal Houbold is just the fame in an higher Degree; and we shall find, upon Enquiry

that

that as feveral great Kings have obfcured the other Glories of their Reigns by Negligence, Supinenefs, and repofing too much Confidence in Minifters (which they commonly make Ufe of to the aggrandizing of Themfelves and their Families, without any Regard to the Publick) fo there fcarce ever was a Prince of political Inquifitivenels, Application and OEconomy, who does not make a fhining Figure in Hiftory; for fuch a commendable Jealoufy of his Minifters implies a Concern for the Good of his People, and is as neceffary in a good Prince (who defires to reign in their Affections) in order to fecure him against the Snares and Treachery of felfish Minifters, as it is, in a wife People,to guard their Liberties against the Defigns and Machinations of a bad Prince.

All therefore, which any Nation hath to apprehend under the Reign of a good Prince is the Influence of evil' Counsellors; and it being equally his Intereft to guard himself against thefe Deceivers, They may, in a great measure, banish all fears of this kind, when they are fo happy as to live under a King of great perfonal Knowledge, Experience, Refolution and Circumfpection: For tho' even the worst of Minifters fhould find means to infinuate themselves into fome degree of Favour with fuch a Prince, yet they will not be able to maintain it long, against the ftrength of fo many Royal Virtues, Qualifi cations and Endowments.

Machiavel takes notice that there is an infallible Rule for finding out a bad Minifter. When you obferve your Officer, fays he, more careful of himself than of you, and 'all his Actions or Defigns pointing at his own Interest ' and Advantage, that Man will never be a good Minifter, nor ought you ever to repofe any Confidence in him; for he, who hath the Affairs of his Prince in his Hands, ought to lay afide all Thoughts of himself and regard nothing, but what is for the Profit of his • Mafter.'

Tho' this Doctrine is, I am afraid, a little too hard for the Digeftion of most modern Minifters, and what no Prince muft expect to fee ftrictly practifed in this Age; yet when any great Court Officer goes directly counter to this Rule, and, instead of regarding nothing but what is for

the

the Profit of his Master, feems to pursue nothing but what is for his own Intereft, it is a certain fign that he is not a proper Perfon to be intrufted with the Honour of a Prince, and the Interest of a whole Kingdom.

To this excellent Rule of Machiavel, may be added feveral others for difcovering a bad Minifter, particularly the following ones, viz.

When he endeavours to fupplant a well known, faithful Servant, who juftly deferves the Favour of his Prince and the Efteem of his Country, from the long Experirience, which they have both had of his Integrity and Ability.

When he ftrives to make a Merit of Services, which any body else could have done as well, and values him felf upon fortunate Events, and accidental Advantages.

When he fets Schemes and Projects on Foot, in which no honeft or unbyaffed Perfon can be willing to concur; and never cares how unpopular he renders his Mafter,but endeavours to fecure himself in his Employments, by promoting fuch measures as no Man of Senfe and Probi ty would undertake to carry on.

.

When he hath manifeftly negotiated his Prince into fuch Diftreffes and Dependance no other Nations, as will not only enable them to give him the Law in foreign Affairs; but may also prompt them to concern themselves in matters of a domeftick Nature: Good Policy requiring them to exert their utmost for the continuance of a Minifter, if he appears the leaft in danger, who hath made them fo valuable a Sacrifice of the Interest of his own Country.

When he grows infinitely richer than his Fellow Servants, with whom he receives but equal Wages; nay' richer than any of his Predeceffors; or even all his Predeceffors put together for feveral Years paft.

When he difcovers a Terror upon the leaft appearance of being called to Account, and will fubmit to any thing in order to maintain his Mafter's Favour, not out of any Love which he hath for him, but from an apprehenfion that the lofs of his Protection will bring him under a fevere Examination.

When he endeavours to make his Prince flight, negle& or even male-treat Men, whom he perfonally dislikes, not

withstanding that they may be remarkably zealous and affectionate to their Sovereign, in hopes that continued Provacations and ill Usage, will, at length, make them fo defperate as to become Enemies to his Mafter as well as Himfelf.

When he does all in his Power to foment Divifions, and keep up the Spirit of Party, in order to turn off the Eyes of the Nation from his own ActionsAgainst a Party-Spirit, Salomon's Judgment will hold good; for as fhe, who would divide the Child, could not be the Mother of it, fo we may as certainly conclude, that he is not the Father of his Country, who would divide it. All these are infallible Symptoms of a bad Minifter, nor is it, at any time, to be feared that fuch an one will continue long in the Favour or Efteem of a wife and a good King.

I can add but one Circumftance more to the Profpect, which any Nation may be faid to have under the Reign of fuch a Prince; and that is, when he happens to be bleffed with a Bofom-Friend and Confident, of the moft exquifite Virtues and Abilities, to whom he may freely communicate his Thoughts, exprefs his Doubts, or intimate his Defigns, and in whofe Counfe! he may fafely confide, their Interefts being for ever infeparably

united.

-Befides the HONOURS and PREFERMENTS More Honours above mentioned, thofe that follow were and Preferalso declared, during this Month.

ments during John Montgomery Elq; Groom of the Bed. this Month. chamber to the King, and Colonel in the Col. Montgothird Regiment of Foot-Guards, was made mery made Governor of New York; and his Company New York. Governor of beftow'd on Colonel Reynolds.

The Lord Henry Ailmer, in Ireland, an E-The Lord Ailquerry to the late King, made Comptroller mer Comptrolof the Mint, in the Room of Martin Bladen ler of the Mint. Efq; one of the Commiffioners of Trade

and Plantations.

Sir John JenHis Majefty has been pleased to renew nings continu Sir John Jennings's Patent, for the Place of ed HoufeHoufe-Keeper of the Palace of Greenwich Keeper of Park.

Greenwich

And Park

'Aid-de-Camps to the King appointed.

Other Military Preferments

Civil Employ

ments.

And to fign Commiffions for the following Noblemen and Gentlemen to be AIDDE CAMPS to his Majefty. viz. his Grace the Duke of Richmond, Earl of Albemarle, Lord Tyrawley, Col. Henry Hawley, the Hon. William Townshend and John Pitt Efqrs.

John Armstrong Efq. is appointed MafterSurveyor of the Ordnance, &c. in all His Majesty's Dominions; alfo chief Ingenier of all the Garri fons, Caftles, Forts, and o ther Fortifications in the Kingdom of Great Britain; likewife Quarter-Mafter General of all the Forces.

Thomas Lafcels Efq; made Deputy Quar ter Mafter General.

Lieut. Gen. George Wade, appointed Commander in Chief of all the Land-Forces in North Britain:

Thomas Wentworth Efq; Adjutant General of all the Forces employed, or to be employed in the Service:

Sir John Arnot Bart. Adjutant General in North Britain:

Henry Cunningham Efq; Commiffary of the Mufters in North Britain:

Waller Bacon Efq; Commiffary of the Mufters at Minorca :

The Marquis of Hartington, Captain of the Band of Penfioners; William Seymour Efq; Lieutenant; William Wynn Efq; Standard Bearer; and George Turner Efq; Clerk of the Checque:

The Earl of Leicester, Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard; Thomas Wyndham Efq; Lieutenant; Andrew Charlton Esq; Enfign; Solomon Afbley, Thomas Whitmore, John LaRoche, and Francis Clarke, Elqrs; Corporals; and Edward Stanley Efq; Clerk of the Checque.

Major General Gore, Colonel of the Royal Regiment of English Dragoons.

This Month, it was declared, that FranFr. Henry cis Henry Lea Efq; was appointed Mafter of

Lea Mafter

of the Revels.

the