and even Mars too, in its Quadratures, becomes Gibbofe; yet at fuch times as these Planets fhew their full Phafes, they are found to be fphærical, and only lose this figure by vertue of their pofition to the Sun, to whom they owe their Light. And this fphæricity, or rotundity is manifeft in our Moon, yea and in Venus too, in whole greatest Falcations the dark part of their Globes may be perceived, exhibiting themselves under the appearance of a dull, and rufty colour, be mys

AND as this Sphærical Figure holds in every of the Globes at a diftance from us, fo we may reafonably imagine our own Globe to be confonant to the reft. But indeed we have great reason to conclude it to be fo from the Curvity of its Shadow in its Eclipfes of the Moon from the discovery of New Conftellations in the Heavens, as we change

our

our Hemisphere,and make approaches towards either Pole: from the Surface of the Sea, which appears to be of this figure, by our gradually difcerning far diftant Objects, Mountains, Towers, Sails of Ships, c. the parts of which are more and more feen, as we approach nearer and nearer to them: with other arguments to the fame purpose, which I need not enumerate in a cale now generally owned to be true.

CHAP. II.

Of the Inequalities, or Hills and Vales obfervable in the Earth and Moon.

AVING in the preceding chapter demonftrated the fe

HA

veral Globes of the Universe to be Sphærical, it is not to be understood

that

that thefe Globes are ftrictly fo, but an allowance is perhaps to be made for the difference between their Equatorial and Polar Diameters, before spoken of: but especially for thofe little and inconfiderable excrefcences of the Hills, very manifeftly difcernable in the Moon (1), as well

(1) Every one that hath viewed the Mook with but an ordinary Glafs, efpecially when she is not round, may easily perceive confiderable Unevenneffes; that fome parts are ma nifeftly higher, and others lower. About the Quarters, divers bright golden Spots may be feen in the fhaded part, at fome diftance from the enlightned part; and thefe may be perceived to grow larger and brighter, as the Shady part turns more and more towards the Sun; till at last you may fee all the interme

diate Vallies between thofe Spotserme

and the other enlightened parts. Alfo in divers parts of the Moon, especially fuch as border on the fhaded part, there may be observed to be certain Holes or Pits, black, dark, or fhady, when the parts encompaffing them are illuftrious and bright. And this darkness, as if under fome Mountain, lies always on the fide next the Sun, and gradually goes off, as the

as

as in our own Globe; which I call little and inconfiderable, especially thofe in the Earth, because they are fo in proportion to the Earth's Diameter; as will appear by coming to particulars. The Diameter of the Terraqueous Globe I have fhewn in

Hole, Pit, or Valley turns more and more towards the Sun, till at laft the whole Valley is enlightened, and looks like a depreffed ground in the body of the Moon. All which things are manifeft fignals that the Moon's furface is not even and fmooth, but like that of the Earth, full of Hills and Valleys.

Which opinion, although now well grounded, on ocular demonftration, was as old or older than Plutarch's days, who in his Book de Facie in orbe Lune, at the beginning, cites it as Clearchus's opinion Εικόνας ἐπατρικὸς εἶναι καὶ εἴδωλα züs vezdans Dardusi. e. That what is called the Face of the Moon are the Images and Appearan ces of a great Sea in the Moon. And about the middle of that Tract, τὸ δὲ φαινόμβρον τοτὶ πρόσωπο

i.e. As to that Face which appears in the Moons as our Earth bath certain large Bays; fo we conceive the Moon is overspread with large hollows and rupe tures, containing Water, or a thick dark Air, into

my Phyfico-Theology (2) to be about 7935 English miles: but that of the Hills is no more than a few miles Snowdon in Caernarvonshire (the higheft Mountain in all our Ifland) is but 1247 yards (3); the Alps themfelves

which the Sun beams are not able to enter, and no Reflection is made by them.

As to other matters in which the Earth and Moon feem to agree, as in Seas, and great collections of Waters, an Atmosphere, &c. I fhall pafs them by here as improper for this place.

(2) Book 2. Ch. 2. Note

(3) In the Journal of the late ingenious. Richard Towneley, Efq; of Towneley in Lancafhire, I find this Note upon Sept. 6. 1682. This day Mr. Adams called here who is taking a Survey,

c. He told us that with repeated trials be bad found Snowdon-hill 1320 yards higher than the High water mark, and that the Quicksilver stood at the bottom at 29 Inches; at the top at 2596: So that 1320 gave 3.04. Then follows this Note, viz. Mr. Adams coming fince tells me, that the Height of Snowdon was but 1247 yardsz which gave 3.04•

The reafon of this difference of 73 yards, in the height of Snowdon I take to be, that the first measure was made by Mr. Adams himself,

but