ἐκ

cluding Dissertation involves in it an
opinion, in which Dr. Tilloch avows his
usual confidence; but in which we cer-
tainly are not prepared to follow him.
It relates to the identity of the person
designated by the terms anμévos and
ἀρνίον ;
in other words, Dr. T. contends,
that "he who sitteth upon the throne,"
and "the Lamb," a mode of expression
that runs throughout the Apocalypse,
are not two persons, but one! He is
consequently at much pains to prove,
that in both cases Christ is intended.
Accordingly where our version ascribes,
"Salvation to him that sitteth upon the
throne, and unto the Lamb," he is for
striking out the words "and unto," and
would read "to him that sitteth upon
the throne, the Lamb." This appears to us
to furnish a clue to his train of criticism
formerly noticed on Rev. v. 1. and ver. 7.
His argument founded on the circum-
stance of ro apvío not being an attribu-
tive, but an hieroglyphical proper name
may indeed shew that the construction
of the Greek will not positively deter-
mine that two persons are intended, but
neither on the other hand will it decide
the contrary. This point must be settled
by the scope of the passages in which
"He that sitteth upon the throne," and
"the Lamb," are distinctly spoken of.
We have already remarked, that Rev.
v. 1, 7. are point blank against Dr. T.
in this instance; so also is ch. vi. 16.
We may remark too, that when the
writer of the Apocalypse speaks of the
Lamb in connection with the throne, he
speaks of him as "in the midst of the
throne," Tò άpylov tồ ảvà péσov tõ Spóve; but
we have seen that he speaks also of one,
who "sitteth upon the throne," a dis-
tinction which is prominently marked,
and uniformly preserved throughout the
book; and though we are not allowed to
suppose that this distinction refers to
the divine nature, it evidently points at
a distinction, which it appears to be the
great object of Dr. Tilloch's strain of
criticism to destroy-to wit, the personal
distinction between the Father and the
Son. This doctrine lies upon the very
surface of Divine Revelation; and no
man can have scriptural views of the
economy of redemption without admit-
ting it. If Dr. Tilloch be firm in the
belief of this doctrine, the tendency of
his critical remarks throughout the
section is to us quite inexplicable!

Again, in Rev. xxii. 1. we meet with
τῶ θρόνο τῷ Θεῦ, καὶ τῷ ̓Αρνίυ, “ from the
throne of God and of the Lamb." We
must, according to Dr. Tilloch's doc-
trine, understand it to mean, "from the
throne of the Lamb who is God, or
omnipotent," seeing that apvíov is a pro-
per name, and eòs an attributive. But
it is clear to us, that unless some very
strong reasons can be assigned from the
scope of these passages, why the distinc-
tion of persons which they at first sight
appear to denote, should not be taught
in them, (for it is very plainly taught in
many parts of the New Testament,
quoted by Dr. T. himself, in a former
Dissertation,) there can be no reason.
able objection to our common rendering.
What Greek terms, we ask, (though
prior should be allowed to be a proper
name,) would better express "out of the
throne of God and of the Lamb," than
ἐκ τῷ θρόνο τῷ Θεῷ, και τῷ ̓Αργία ?
At page 366, the Doctor says,
"The
passage in Rev. vii. 10. has been already
noticed, Salvation be to our God, the
sitting one on the throne, even the
Lamb.' UNTO the Lamb is quite im-
proper, as the Greek has here no preposi
tion." But why should the want of a
preposition before apú be any reason
for discarding "unto," which is merely
the sign of the dative case, when there
is no objection against the preposition to
in the former part of the sentence,
though none in the Greek, any more
than in the other instance, both nouns

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·

In several places the expressions "God and the Lamb" occur. Dr. T.

by considering the term, "the Lamb," as a proper name, and not an attributive, (with what correctness we do not here stop to enquire,) dexterously gets over such verses, by considering them as applying only to one person. Yet in his manner of explaining them, we cannot help noticing that we think he is not quite consistent with himself. For instance: he tells us that apvío (the Lamb) is no attributive-it is a proper name. But if so, in those passages where xa0nuevos or ads occur, connected with apvíos by the copulative xa, it would be proper to nullify the conjunction altogether; thus reading," to him that sitteth upon the throne, the Lamb," rather than, "to him who sitteth upon the throne, and who is the Lamb;" for, according to the latter mode of reading, the appellation "the Lamb," has certainly more the appearance of an attributive than a proper name, into which our author resolves it.

151

glorious consummation, and the mysterious counsels of the most High respecting the Christian dispensation, shall be for ever closed in judgment— all these things conspire to render this book the most difficult portion of the New Testament writings. An illustration of it, therefore, must be regarded as a subject worthy of the noblest faculties which the Creator ever bestowed on man. In this good work, Dr. Tilloch might have been a successful labourer, could he have contented himself with thinking on some points with those that have gone before him. But straining after originality, on almost every topic that comes in his way, he has, in our opinion, completely failed in his object. His criticisms are much too arbitrary and violent-they overshoot the mark, as we think we have shewn in various instances in the course of our Review; and we deeply regret that he should have given us so much occasion to doubt his soundness, in certain articles of the faith once delivered to the saints.

THE MODERN TRAVELLER.

being in the dative case? And at p. 316,
he had previously made the same com
plaint, alleging that there was equal rea-
son for "unto" being inserted before the
middle clause of the verse, viz. "him that
sitteth upon the throne," by reading it,
"unto the sitting one upon the throne."
To this, however, it is sufficient to re-
mind Dr. Tilloch, that as xx0nμery is a
participle agreeing with Op, and with-
out an intervening conjunction, it would
be improper the cases are not parallel.
But we must desist: we have already
extended these remarks to a much
greater length than suits the limits of
our Journal; and we fear we owe an
apology to a large proportion of our
readers, who will find comparatively
little interest in this protracted discus-
sion. Our only plea is, that hitherto,
so far as we know, no other Journal has
noticed the volume; and if report tell
true, the author is not a little elated
with the flattering commendations that
have been bestowed upon his book from
some learned bodies and individuals to
whom it has been presented. That Dr.
Tilloch is a man of learning and talents,
no unprejudiced person who peruses his
pages will think of denying, though it
may be fairly questioned, how far that
learning and those talents have been
usefully employed in the instance before
It is the misfortune of a certain
class of religionists, that they never can
be satisfied with what satisfies other
people. Hence we find them continually
straining after singularities. They must
have an opinion of their own, different
from all the world besides. This, in
any one, is a most unhappy temper of
mind; but when found in a teacher of
religion, or an author by profession, it is
of the most pernicious consequence.
We could give some notable exemplifi-
cations of this fact, in real life, were it
necessary, but it is not. The book of
the Revelation is confessedly obscure

us.

searches of European Travellers during the "The extensive and indefatigable relast five-and-twenty years, in almost every country of the globe, have given in some instances quite a new aspect to our maps, and have furnished the most important

it is so from the very nature of its sub-accessions to geographical science. They ject, which is not only prophetical, but have at the same time equally extended prophecy in its sublimest strains. The our acquaintance with the physical habits, figurative language in which the visions political institutions, and domestic man

of the Apocalypse are delivered-theners of the several nations of both hemispheres, some of which were previously known only by name. The Travels, for example, of Clarke, Dodwell, Eustace, and Hughes, in Europe; of Morier, Elphinley, Kinneir, and Porter, in Asia; of Belstone, Buchanan, Fraser, Pottinger, Ousezoni, Lord Valentia, Burckhardt, and Richardson, in Egypt and the adjacent countries; of Lewis and Clarke, Pike and

variety of symbols under which the events are presignified-the extent of its prophetic information, which, commencing with the setting up of Christ's kingdom in the world, carries us down the stream of time to that period of awful expectation when the great plan of divine grace shall be brought to a

The Modern Traveller; or a Popular

Description, Geographical, Historical, and Topographical, of the Various Countries of the Globe. Compiled from the latest and best Authorities. PALESTINE, Part I. and II. Pr. 2s. 6d. each. To be continued Monthly. London, James Duncan, 39, Paternoster-row. 1824.

THIS publication is introduced to our notice by a short, but well-written Prospectus, in which it is very justly remarked that,

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James, in North America; and of Humboldt, in Mexico; and of many others, too numerous to mention; comprise an immense mass of curious and valuable information, diffused through costly works, inaccessible to the generality of our readers, and forming collectively a moderate library. The transactions of the various Missionary Societies, also, include a very considerable portion of novel information of a strictly geographical and scientific kind, frequently presenting to us savage and uncivilized man, under a new and interesting aspect.

designed to be of a popular and useful,
rather than of a scientific character; and
with this view, authentic anecdotes, serv-
ing to illustrate national character, and
other amusing details, will be freely ad-
'mitted. At the same time, the most stu-
dious attention will be paid to topogra-
phical accuracy; and it will be an object
carefully kept in view, to rectify the mis-
takes which are to be found in the most
popular geographical works. Maps will
be given on a small scale, but modelied on
the best authorities, so as to include the
latest discoveries. Brief historical notices
will also be prefixed to the description of
every country, including its ancient geo-
graphy, its supposed aborigines, and the
principal revolutions of which it has been
the theatre. And, with respect to the un-
civilized portions of the habitable conti-
nent, the sketch will exhibit the progress
of discovery. So far as possible, its natural
history, botany, geological features, vol-
canic phenomena, and other natural
curiosities, will be fully described; to-
gether with the costume, physiognomy,
and domestic habits of the natives; their
traditions, religion, and literature; their
public buildings, arts, and ancient monu-
ments: in fact, all the multifarious infor-
mation for which we are indebted to the
indefatigable researches of modern Tra-
vellers."

"With a view to compress this fund of entertaining matter within narrower limits, different collections have been made of the more popular works, on a reduced scale. The series of voyages and travels published in 1800 by Dr. Mavor, extended to no fewer than twenty-eight volumes; and were the collection brought down to the present date, more than twice as many on the same plan would be insufficient to include the works of reputation which have since appeared. Pinkerton's collection forms seventeen volumes in quarto. But, besides the objection to such collections, which arises from their bulk and costliness, they are necessarily liable to that of incompleteness. Some of the best works are the exclusive copyright of individuals. Others, which may be of too scientific a character to be generally interesting, or which may be excluded as of inferior merit, From this extract, our readers will be contain details of the most important kind. enabled to form a tolerably correct estiAnd there is this further objection to col-mate of what this publication is intended lections, that, in giving the journals of to be. Two Parts only have yet made more travellers than one over the same their appearance; and considering these territory, repetition is inevitable;` and as a fair specimen of what are to follow, sometimes conflicting statements occur, we feel ourselves fully warranted to which require to be investigated, in order pronounce it an undertaking, which to determine which is the more correct, or merits the patronage of the public at how far they may be reconciled. large. We have seldom met with a recommendatory qualities. The paper, publication which combines so many the print, and the embellishments, are given in a style of corresponding excel

"To obviate these difficulties, and, at the same time, realize the object of compressing and arranging this various mass of in formation in a popular form, it is proposed to publish a digested account of each

separate country, comprising its geogra-lence; and yet these are among the least important of its useful properties. The materials are judiciously selected, and skilfully arranged; the itinerary commences at one extremity of a country, and is continued to the other, till it exhibits a complete description of the whole territory. Thus the reader is presented with the observations and impressions of the travellers at each particular place, generally in their own

phical features, its manners, customs, polity, &c. as they may be gathered from the collective works of the best English and Foreign travellers. The labour employed in such analysis will obviously be immense, and the cost of the materials considerable; but the Proprietors have resolved to spare neither pains nor expense to render the work as comprehensive and complete as possible-so that it may form, in fact, a depository for the collective

stores of our modern explorators and topo-words, with the most striking incidents by which their route was diversified. But its crowning virtue to many will be, its extraordinary cheapness! The two Parts now before us, comprise the whole

graphers; and present, if the expression may be allowed, a series of cosmoramic views of the actual state of the various countries. The publication is obviously

153

fluence; otherwise, we should think the system must eventually perish in its own corruption.

MATTHEW HENRY AT HACKNEY, &c.
of Palestine, or the Holy Land:-a
country, every acre of which, is con-
nected with associations interesting to
the antiquary, the biblical critic, and
the Christian reader. They form a
volume of nearly 400 pages, with a map
of the country-a ground plan of the
city of Jerusalem-an engraved view of
the city, and another of Bethlehem, at
the moderate cost of five shillings!
Part III. containing Syria, will be pub-
lished on the 1st of May.

In the work before us the venerated "Matthew Henry" is summoned from the shades, made to revisit the scene of his former labours, and behold what desolations have been made in the church. Placed in the pulpit he once occupied, he delivers a warning lecture, summing up and exhibiting as he proceeds, the early opinions respecting the Deity of Christ, not only from the Prophetic and Rabbinical writings, but as they were traditionally and symbolically preserved in the mythology of all the ancient heathen nations.

Matthew Henry at Hackney. To which are added, Strictures on the Unitarian Writings of the Rev. Lant Carpenter, LL.D. 8vo. pp. 136, 4s. 6d. SOCINIANISM is such an ill-disguised sort of infidelity, that it seems scarcely deserving of half the pains employed in its refutation. No serious Christian, we should think, could be in any danger from a creed which not only leaves out, but which finds no substitute for, the great doctrines of Christianity. It denies to us a Saviour, without proffering the intercession of the saints; and takes away the cross, without so much as giving us a crucifix in its stead. It desolates the sanctuary of its altar, of its priest, and of the atoning blood; leaving the guilty without_pardon, and the dying without hope. It lays waste the inheritance of Him who is appointed heir of all things; converts the church of God into a heathen temple, and fills it with the priests of paganism. There may, indeed, be some who lay hold on the skirts of such a system, to take away the reproach of open or avowed unbelief; but it seems impossible that any real Christian should have any fellowship, any sympathy at all with it. It has moreover been so completely vanquished and put to flight, first by Horsley, then by Fuller, afterwards by Wardlaw, by Bevan, and Pye Smith, that nothing remains but a company of fugitives, who have fled like the Benjamites before the men of Judah.

But if, as the Author of this classical and elegant pamphlet believes, these enemies of the Christian faith are still active in their endeavours to "corrupt our Encyclopædias, our Reviews, our Travels, and spread the effluvia through our reading rooms and public libraries," 114, be reason for his having prepared a little nitric acid for purifying the atmosphere within its in

VOL. X.

The next section consists of a Critical Examination of the Unitarian Version of the New Testament, so far at least as concerns the doctrine of the Trinity, the Deity of Christ, and the Atonement. The mis-translation and evident corruption of a number of passages are ably exposed; and though the writer has not always succeeded in placing his remarks in juxtaposition, they discover considerable learning and acuteness.

The testimonies of the early Christian Fathers then follow; and the pamphlet closes with some pointed Strictures on the Writings of Dr. Carpenter, which we esteem the ablest portion of the work. The anonymous author, whom we suspect to be a layman, is entitled to commendation for learning and ability so zealously devoted to the cause of truth, and for the entertaining and instructive performance which we have now the pleasure of introducing to our readers.

anonymous Editor has selected those parts of the writings of the above mentioned authors, which place their sentiments in the most striking point of view; and we can safely say, that the arguments in support of the foregoing doctrines are stated with greater force in this little volume, than will be easily found any where else in so small a compass. The publication issues from the Edinburgh press; and we learn from the Preface, that it has been occasioned by the discovery, that more than usual zeal has been manifested of late to introduce the doctrines of Socinus into the Northern Metropolis. As an antidote to the poison of Socinianism, we certainly think this manual has considerable merit; and we cordially recommend it for dissemination in those parts of the country, where these souldestructive principles particularly prevail. We have only further to add, that Mr. Maclaurin's matchless Sermon, on glorying in the Cross of Christ, is given by way of Appendix to the volume.

appeal to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, at their Annual Meeting in the ensuing month of May, where it will receive its final adjudication. To this meeting, the friends of Reform in Scotland are looking forwards with no little portion of anxiety; and in the meantime, they are quite upon the alert to enlighten the public mind, by exposing the monstrous abuses to which the practice of holding pluralities has never failed to give rise. On this subject, the two pamphlets mentioned at the head of this article will be found interesting; but Mr. Burn "Buiks," may almost be said to exhaust the subject, and we strongly recommend it to the attentive perusal of such of our readers as have leisure and inclination to examine it. Did our columns admit of it, we could produce some highly interesting extracts, but we are compelled to forego the pleasure. Should our good friends in the North succeed in carrying their point on the present occa sion, they will establish a precedent which may probably stimulate the good people on this side the Tweed, to set hic labor! hoc opus est!! Such an unabout cleansing the Augean stable! But dertaking in England would be too vast for any power short of Omnipotence

itself.

ART. I. A Speech delivered before the Synod of Glasgow and Ayr, on the 15th of October, 1823, in the case of Principal MFarlane, on the Subject of Pluralities. By THOMAS CHALMERS, D.D. With a Preface by Stevenson M'Gill, D.D. Glasgow, Chalmers and Collins, and Whitakers, London. pp. 24,8vo. pr. 6d. ART. II. An Appeal to all classes, on the subject of Church Patronage in Scotland: with a plan for its amendment, [q. abolition!] Glasgow, Chalmers and Collins, and Whitakers, London. pp. 40, ART. III. Plurality of Offices in the Church

Memoirs of Mrs. Elizabeth A. Ulyat, of Sutton Street, Nicholas, Lincolnshire : extracted from her Diary and Letters. To which is added, a Sermon on occasion of her death. By THOMAS ROGERS. Boston, Printed, and Sold by Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, London. pp. 130, 18mo. pr. 1s. 6d. bds. 1823. THOUGH We are not partial to auto

of Scotland Examined, with a particular reference to the case of the very Reverend

Dr. McFarlane, Principal of the Uni-biography, we may nevertheless report versity of Glasgow. By the REV. that the subject of this Memoir, appears ROBERT BURNS, Minister of St. George's to have been "a decidedly pious chaChurch, Paisley. Glasgow, Chalmers racter," ," as the fashionable phrase goes. and Collins, and Whittakers, London. Of Mr. Rogers's Sermon we can speak pp. 300, 12mo. pr. 3s. 6d. bds. 1824. with greater confidence as to its useful IN our Magazine for December, 1823, tendency. The text is 2 Tim. i. 12." For (See Vol. IX. p. 389.) we announced the I know whom I have believed," &c. and proceedings of the Presbytery of Glas- he has given a scriptural and able illus gow, on the motion for inducting Dr. tration of the words, demonstrating that M'Farlane into the ministry of the High faith in Christ is the best preservative Church of that city on which occasion against the fear of death. In reading it the motion was negatived. The case we were strongly reminded of the style of next proceeded to the Synod of Glasgow preaching of our late valued friend, Mr. and Ayr, where it was again discussed, Abraham Austin-a name, we believe, and again negatived by a majority of dear to Mr. Rogers, and certainly dear five votes. Dr. M'Farlane has still an to ourselves.