it remains under the skin, this worm produces little uneasiness, till a part suppurates, and it puts out its head; much pain being experienced on attempting to draw it out, especially if it be broken.

GUIZOT.* On leaving office, in November 1830, he sat on the "côte gauche" of the chamber of deputies, as an opponent of the administration of Lafitte. When Casimir Périer became prime minister in 1831, Guizot joined the ranks of the so called "juste milieu," and lent the government an active and earnest support; and on the 4th of October 1832, after the death of Périer, he once more was called to a place in the cabinet, as minister of public instruction. Though this department of the administration is ordinarily regarded as conferring on the individual who is charged with it an influence inferior to that of other heads of departments, its incumbent in the present instance soon exercised a predominant influence. The cabinet of which we speak was dissolved on the 22d February 136. Its leading principle of action in politics was, like that which preceded it, a steady resistance to the spirit of further innovation that so extensively prevailed; and the leading political measures, by which its existence was marked, were the expedition against Antwerp, the suppression of the disturbances of the month of April 1834, at Paris and Lyons, the arrest of the duchess of Berry in La Vendée, together with the "repressive laws" of the year 1835. Politics alone were, however, far from exclusively occupying the attention, during this period, of M. Guizot. France is indebted to him for the important law of the 28th of June 1833, on the subject of primary instruction. To him, too, are to be attributed the institution of a number of new professorships for the higher branches of education, the re-establishment of the Academy of the Moral and Political sciences, and various public works and voyages of discovery undertaken at the national expense. From the 6th of September 1835 to the 15th of April 1837, Guizot was, for the third time, a member of the administration, in the department of public instruction. At the date just mentioned, till the dissolution of the cabinet of which Count Molé was the head, the ex-minister of public instruction was conspicuous among the opponents of the government. During the administration of Thiers which followed, he was appointed to represent his country at the court of London. There he failed to prevent the conclusion of the famous treaty of the

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quadruple alliance, as it is called, which led to the settlement of the eastern question, or the disputes between the Porte and the viceroy of Egypt, without the cooperation of France, and indeed in a manner exceedingly unsatisfactory to her. There, also, he signed the treaty with Great Britain for the more effective suppression of the slave trade by the extension of the mutual right of search between the contracting parties; an act which did not add to his popularity at home, and which the public opinion against it, loudly expressed, prevented from being ratified by his government. When M. Thiers ceased to be minister, on the 29th of October 1840, M. Guizot became the leading member of the cabinet; on this occasion taking to himself the department of foreign affairs. Since then, he has continued in office, apparently enjoying the entire confidence of the king, Louis Philippe.—The last appearance of M. Guizot in the professor's chair was in 1830. But his political avocations and excitements have not altogether diverted his mind from his historical labours. He published in 1840, under the title of "Vie, correspond ance, et écrits de Washington" (4 vols, 8vo), an abridgement of Mr. Sparks' work concerning Washington, with an introduc tion, which has been translated into Eng. lish. Guizot stands in the first rank of modern historians; and as a public speak er, although his manner is altogether didactical, his reputation among his countrymen is very high. He was elected a member of the Academy of the Moral and Political sciences in 1932; of that of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres in 1833; and in 1836, one of the forty of the French Academy, in the place of M. Destutt de Tracy. Mad. Guizot, mentioned in a former volume, died August 1st 1827, at the age of 54. Two volumes of her posthumous works were published in 1834, under the title of "Conseil de morale.”The second Mad. Guizot was a niece of the former; who had expressed a desire to her husband that he should form this new alliance. She, like her predecessor, was an author; having written several articles for the "Revue française," together with other essays, which were collected and published by M. Guizot, in 1834. She died in 1833, when only 29 years old.

GULPH; an arm of the sea extending more or less into the land, and distinguished from a bay only in being of a greater extent.

GUSTAVUS IV.* married, October 19th 1830, the eldest daughter of the grand duke of Baden, and then took the title of

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prince of Vasa. He died at St. Gall, in Switzerland, in 1837.

*

GUTS-MUTHS died at Schnepfenthal, in May 1839.

GUTZLAFF (Charles) was born on the 8th of July 1803, at Pyritz, in the Prussian province of Pomerania, of parents, whose very moderate circumstances prevented them from affording him the education requisite for a christian missionary, to become which was his most anxious desire. After attending for some time the schools of his native town, he was sent to Stettin as an apprentice to a belt-maker. There he composed a short poem, in which he expressed his strong religious feelings, with his hitherto unavailing wishes respecting his career in life, and which he presented to the king of Prussia, on occasion of a visit paid by the latter to Stettin, in 1821. The effect of this step was to procure his admission as a pupil into the missionary institution at Berlin. Such was the progress which he made in his studies, that only two years afterwards, in the spring of the year 1823, he was judged to be sufficiently qualified for the object he had in view. He was sent to the Dutch Missionary Society at Rotterdam, which appointed him to be one of their missionaries to the East. But becoming more than ever sensible of the arduousness of the functions he had undertaken to perform, he did not venture to embark for his destination until the month of August 1826, having devoted himself, in the mean time, to a further diligent preparation for future usefulness. The first missionary ground assigned him was in the island of Java. He took up his residence at Batavia, where he married an English woman who was possessed of considerable property, and where, by mingling with the Chinese inhabitants, in the course of two years he acquired so skilful a use of their language, and became so intimately acquainted with their modes of life and intercourse with each other, as to be adopted by them into one of their families, and to have a Chinese name assigned to him. The circumstances, just mentioned, produced an important change in his plans. In the possession, as he now was, of a pecuniary independence, he resolved to break off his connexion with the Dutch missionary society, and to proceed to China, to preach

the gospel to the Chinese in their own country, to the extent that he might be allowed to do so. In the first place, however, he accompanied an English missionary, named Tomlin, to Siam, in the summer of 1828. This journey occupied Gutzlaff for a period of upwards of three years. Besides labouring diligently in his vocation as a Christian minister, he composed, while residing at Bankok, a Siamese grammar, and, in conjunction with Tomlin, translated the New Testament into the Siamese language. He next proceeded to China, where, associating himself with Morrison, Medhurst, and other European missionaries, he selected Macao for his principal station. He established schools, distributed religious tracts among the people, assisted in a new translation of the Bible into Chinese, co-operated with Morrison in founding a society for the diffusion of useful knowledge in China, published a Chinese Monthly Magazine, and yet did not neglect, at Macao, and in various excursions made from that place, the preaching of Christianity to the inhabitants. All this went on without any hindrance, until Gutzlaff excited the suspicion of the Chinese authorities of his labours being in some way connected with the interested views of the English traders; and, in consequence, an attempt made by him, in May 1835, to penetrate into the province of Fokien, proved altogether unsuccessful. The printing of Chinese books of a Christian character was now forbidden; the distribution of such books was obliged to be suspended; and it became necessary to remove the printing-presses from Macao to Singapore. Thus restricted in his missionary sphere, Gutzlaff felt himself the more at liberty to accompany the British expedition against China, and to be exceedingly serviceable to it by his intimate acquaintance with the language and customs of the Chinese. He was also an active agent in bringing about the treaty of peace, concluded between the contending parties in 1842.-Gutzlaff is the author of a "Journal of three voyages along the coast of China in 1831, 1832, and 1833, with notices of Siam, Corea, and the Loochoo Islands" (1834); of a "History of the Chinese Empire;" and of another work on China, entitled "China Opened" (2 vols. 12mo., 1838).

HALEN (Don Juan van), count of Peracampos, is of Belgian extraction, but born in the Isle of Leon, in Spain, in February 1790. When 15 years of age, he entered the Spanish corps of marines, and was present at the battle of Trafalgar. He took an active part in the insurrection of his countrymen in 1808 against the French; shortly afterwards submitted to the authority of king Joseph; and then once more joined the army of the patriots. In 1815, he was arrested on suspicion of being concerned in a conspiracy against Ferdinand VII., but was soon liberated, and promoted to the rank of a lieutenant-colonel. Becoming next involved in the attempt of Torrijos, he was cast into the dungeons of the inquisition; from which, however, he contrived to make his escape. We find him, in 1820, engaged in the Russian service, in a campaign in the Caucasus. In the same year, he returned to Spain to become one of the supporters of the constitution, just then reinstated by the revolution of the isle of Leon. When the absolute king was once more restored to power, through the French intervention of 1823, van Halen embarked in the first place for the Havana, whence he came to the United States, and from here found his way to Belgium. He was residing at Brussels, and living a very retired life, when the revolution of 1830 broke out in that city. At a loss on that memorable occasion for a military leader, the insurgents placed him at their head. But notwithstanding the services rendered by him to the Belgian cause in the expulsion of the Dutch troops from Brussels, he was soon rendered sensible that he did not possess the continued confidence of the patriotic party, and quitted the public service, with the rank of a lieutenant-general. Though at one time placed under arrest on a charge of having engaged himself in the Dutch or Orange interest, he remained at Brussels, until in 1836 he was invited back to Spain, and appointed to the command of a body of troops, with which he gained a victory over the Carlists in Navarre. After this, he again experienced the lot of being arrested on suspicion of a want of fidelity to the government which employed him; of being again liberated; and of being trusted to a greater extent than before his arrest. In 1:40, he was appointed to the important office of

firmly to the cause of the regent Espartero, in 1842 he subdued the insurrection of the inhabitants of Barcelona by the bombardment of that city, when all other measures had failed to accomplish the object. His efforts, however, to suppress the insurrection of Barcelona in the following year, proved unavailing; and he was, on the contrary, forced by his opponents to evacuate the whole of his province. On the 30th of July (1843), he and his brother, Antonio van Halen, who was also a general in the Spanish service, and the chief of Espartero's staff, embarked, in company with the latter, at Cadiz, for England.

In

HALFORD (Sir Henry) was born on the 2d of October 1766, at Leicester, in England. He received his preparatory education at Rugby school, and was afterwards a member of Christ Church college, Oxford,-where he graduated in medicine in 1794. He settled in London as a physician, and soon obtained, through the influence of his friends and connexions, as well as the remarkable elegance of his manners, an introduction to an extensive practice. He was appointed successively physician to George III., George IV., William IV., and Queen Victoria. 1809, he became possessed of a large for tune by the death of a maternal relative when he assumed the name of Halford his original name having been Vaughan He was made a baronet in the same year He was appointed president of the College of Physicians in 1824; and died on the 9th of March 1844.-His publications consist of essays, and of addresses to the College of Physicians, the latter in the Latin language. Both are written in an easy and graceful style, and display the elegant scholar, as well as accurate observer of the phenomena of disease.

HALL (Captain Basil) was born at Edinburgh in 1788, and was a son of the distinguished Sir James Hall. He entered the British navy in 1802; became a lieutenant in 1808; was promoted to the rank of commander in 1814; and was made a post-captain in 1817. In the course of his service, he embraced with eagerness every opportunity afforded by the naval profession for the prosecution of scientific pursuits, and the study of men and manners. Few men have travelled more extensively, or visited regions more dissimilar in their scenery and climate, or in the character of their inhabitants. The results of his observations were communicated by him to the public in a series of works; such as