> REFLECTED VERBS. 1. Reflected verbs are used to express a state of being, or an action terminating with the doer of it; as, codlaim, I sleep; seasam, I stand. 2. Whenever duration is expressed, or understood, the circumlocution, with the verb bi, is used; as, bi me mo codlad ar fead an oidċe, I was asleep all night: ta se na seasam, he is standing. (132.) Reflected Verbs promiscuously exemplified. Ta sinne nar gcodlad faoi sgat na gerann, An bfuil sise na suide, Ni head, act ta seisean na suide, We are sleeping under Car codail tu a reir? the shade, of the trees. Is she sitting. No, but he is sitting. Where did you sleep last Do not sleep any more. man. I was living in Dublin. Do not stand there. He was awake before me; Be silent. I slept in Dundalk. I was sleeping last night. AUXILIARY AUXILIARY VERBS. 1. The auxiliaries bi, is, or as, and tig, with their inflexions, are elegantly used to supply the place of all verbs denoting possession, want, power, necessity, or any affection of the body, or mind. 2. Bi is used with agam, orm, and uaim; is, or as, with dam, and liom; tig, with liom only; as, (133.) Ta sgian agam, I have a knife. That is mine too. 3. Is, or as, simply denotes the object in itself; but ta always denotes it as connected with some circumstance. Hence, is affirms simply of its object, although that object be expressed by two or more words; as, is me Domnall, I am Donald; is fuar an oidċe i, it is a cold night. But ta has a twofold object, and shews the subject and predicate distinctly from each other; ta Domnall ag an doras, Donald is at the door; ta an oidce fuar, the night is cold. (134.) Hence also, the interrogative, of as, is an, used in enquiring after any inherent quality of the subject; as, an tu Domnall? are you Donald? is me, I am. But the interrogative, of bi, is bfuil, used in enquiring after any occasional quality, or circumstance; às, bfuil Domnall ag an doras? is Donald at the door? ata, he is. 4. When 4. When as, or is, ba, and bud, come in contact with vowels, they are contracted into s, b, or m; as, Mas (ma is) tu fear an Bean darb (dar ba) ainm Da maill (ma aill) leat If you are the man of the A woman whose name 5. Ba, and bud, aspirate the following mutable consonants; as, bud mait liom, I would wish. 6. The auxiliary bi, with the preposition ann, is used to express existence; as, ta subailce ann, there is a virtue; bi duine ann, there was a man. (135.) The construction of the auxiliary verbs promiscuously exemplified. Are you James? I am. horse. What is a wanting to you? An è so do busga snaoi- Is this your snuff-box? sin? is ead. Nil amrus agam ann, it is. A ndearna A ndearna duine air bit riam amrus fa Dhia a beit ann? Nil cuid agam de, Ta fuact orm anois, agus bi tart mor orm ag teaċt asteaċ dam, Bheara me an tairgiod duit a maraċ ma tig liom, Bfearr liom go dtiocfa leat a tabairt aniug, An leat fein an cior coàim ? Is liom; agus is liom an sgatan fös. Da mbiad airgiod agam, Ta ublaige uadfa, Bhfuil tu tinn? ni bfuilim, An tu an maor? ni me. 'Sionnan sin le rad agus gur bionnan iad araon, Ba doilig dam è. That is the same as to say, that they were both alike. It were difficult for me. Are you cold? I am. He was the tallest man in the company. Dob i an bean a bailne She was the most beau An raib foidigeact orra? Is sine ar matairne na bur matairse, Did they think long? Our mother is older than yours. Ta bur mbatsa san gcoill, Your cows are in the wood. ADVERB. 1. The following adverbs aspirate the words that follow them thus; Ni, niar, not, and nar? nacar? not? aspirate and prefix h to vowels; Do, and a, to, aspirate infinitives; Do, sign of the preter, aspirates active verbs; Ro, very, aspirates adjectives; and, All the adverbial particles aspirate the words with which they are compounded; as, (136) Niar tainic aon duine No man came with him. leis, Is còir duinn urnaig do, or a deanam gaċ la, Do buail me an fear eile, Ta an maidin ro fuar, Ta se na duine neimglic, Ni hamluig ta, We ought to pray every I struck the other man. 2. Nać, not, and ca? where? eclipse active verbs; and Iar, sign of the preter participle, eclipses it; as, (137) Nac dtig leice siubal, She cannot walk. 3. Adverbs signifying proximity, require the dative; as, ta se angar dam, he is near me. (138.) 4. The |