1860. The same. Third edition, greatly enlarged; with Proverbs and Similes. Pp. xxxii. and 524. Large 8vo. Boston, Mass.

American writers on this subject have mostly erred both by default and excess; they have omitted distinctive American peculiarities, and they have set down as Americanisms expressions which are only vulgarisms, or not even that. Thus, Bartlett's book, while it fails to notice some notorious Americanisms, admits a number of expressions which are perfectly good English, or, at any rate, perfectly English. C. A. Bristed, in Cambridge Essays, 1855.

1848. LOWELL, JAMES RUSSELL. The Bigelow Papers, edited, with an introduction, notes, GLOSSARY, and copious index, by Homer Wilbur, A.M. Pp. 163. Cambridge, Mass.

Numerous editions have since appeared. Prof. Francis Bowen, in the North American Review, lxviii., pp. 187-190, says: "Of the almost numberless imitations of the Yankee dialect this is decidedly the best we have seen. Sam Slick is a mere pretender in comparison." Mr. C. A. Bristed, in Cambridge Essays, describes the GLOSSARY as occasionally satirical, but "mostly in sober earnest."

1854. BARTLETT'S (JOHN RUSSELL) Woordenboek van Americanisms, bewerkt door M. Keijzer. Small 8vo. Gorinchem.

1859. ELWYN, ALFRED L. Glossary of supposed AmericanismsVulgar and Slang Words used in the United States. Small 8vo. Philadelphia.

1855. BRISTED, CHARLES B. On the English Language in America, in Cambridge Essays, pp. 57-78.

1858. The New American Cyclopædia: edited by George Ripley and Charles A. Dana. Volume I. has an article on Americanisms, pp. 470-473. New York.

1860. CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPÆDIA. Volume I. contains an article on Americanisms. Pp. 206-207.

1869. LELAND, CHARLES G. Hans Breitmann's Party and other Ballads. 12mo. Philadelphia.

This work, which is in the mixed Anglo-German dialect of the German settlers in the United States, was followed by "Hans Breitmann about Town," "Hans Breitmann in Church, " "Hans Breitmann as a Uhlan," "Hans Breitmann in Europe," and a collected edition was published in Philadelphia in 1871 in two volumes. Editions have been published in London by Trübner and Hotten.

1871. DE VERE, SCHELE. Americanisms: the English of the New World. By M. Schele de Vere, LL.D., Professor of Modern Languages in the University of Virginia. 8vo, pp. vi. and 365. Price 10s. 6d.

187-. HALDEMAN. Pennsylvania Dutch: A Dialect of South Germany with an Infusion of English. By S. S. Haldeman, M. A., Professor of Comparative Philology in the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 8vo, pp. viii. and 70. Price 3s. 6d.

1871. STEARNS, C. W., M.D. Shakspere Treasury of Wisdom and Knowledge. Contains a chapter on Americanisms. New York,

ab. 1873. HARTE, BRET [Pseud. for Charles B. Hart]. The Luck of Roaring Camp, and other Sketches, with Introduction and GLOSSARY by Tom Hood. 12mo.

1876. HARTE, BRET. Gabriel Conroy.

Originally published serially in Scribner's Magazine. This novel and many of Bret Harte's short tales are dialect stories of Californian life of the ruder type.

1877. The Leisure Hour, No. 1312, February 17, 1877, contains an article on Americanisms. Pp. 110-112.

According to Poole's Index to Periodical Literature there are articles on Americanisms in the Analectic Magazine, Phila., 3, p. 404; Southern Literary Messenger, Richmond, 14, p. 623; North American Review (on Bartlett, by S. G. Brown), 69, p. 94; and Living Age, 20, p. 79. Numerous references to Americanisms will be found in the several series of Notes and Queries. To the authors of the books of humour mentioned by Mr. Bristed should be added C. F. Browne (Artemus Ward), J. M. Bailey (Danbury Newsman), A. W. Shaw (Josh Billings), S. L. Clemens (Mark Twain), C. H. Clark (Max Adeler), and others. As regards American Slang, Mr. Bristed says, "The field of American slang is literally boundless. Every state, every city, has its own flash vocabulary."

MISCELLANEOUS.

Date of Publication.

ENGLISH GYPSY DIALECT.

1860. SMART, Dr. BATH C. The Dialect of the English Gypsies. Published for the Philological Society, in 1863, in the Society's Transactions, and separately.

The vocabulary was begun in 1860, and some remarks on the dialect were printed in the British Association Transactions, 1861, and the Transactious of the Ethnological Society, vol. ii. 1863.

1873. LELAND, CHARLES G. The English Gypsies and their Language. London, Trübner and Co.

Very valuable, both as respects vocabulary and a knowledge of the gypsy customs, etc.-H. T. Č.

1874. BORROW, GEORGE. Romano Lavo-lil, Word-book of the Romany, or English Gypsy Language. Pp. 101. London, John Murray.

1875. SMART, Dr. BATH C., and CROFTON, H. T. The Dialect of the English Gypsies. Second edition.

Contains (pp. 1-5) a bibliographical list of books containing specimens of English gypsy words.

1875. English Gipsy Songs. In Romany, with metrical English translations. By C. G. Leland, Prof. Palmer, and Janet Tuckey. 8vo, pp. xii. and 276. London.

Contains remarks on pronunciation, pp. 239-242; and a Glossary, pp. 243-276.

1875. JAMES, Rev. S. B. Church of England

1876. CROFTON, HENRY T.

English Gypsies. Five chapters in the and Lambeth Magazine, August to December. On the Former Costume of the Gypsies, in the Papers of the Manchester Literary Club, vol. ii., pp. 55-75. Contains illustrations of English gypsies' words for dress.

1877. CROFTON, HENRY T. On Gypsy Life in Lancashire and Cheshire, in the Papers of the Manchester Literary Club, vol. iii. Explains some words in use by the English gypsies.

See also Mr. Borrow's Zincali, or Gypsies in Spain, vol. i., p 16-28, for account of the English gypsies; his Lavengro, Roman Rye, and Wild Wales; Mr. Hubert Smith's Tent-life with English Gypsies in Norway; review of Borrow's Lavo-lil in the Athenæum for April 25, 1874; and review of Miklosich, Leland, and Borrow's Lavo-lil in the Academy for June 13, 1874.

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN INDIA.

1877. The number of Blackwood's Magazine for May, 1877, contains an article on the Anglo-Indian Tongue.

An account of the curious composite dialect, half-Hindostanee and half-English, in which old Anglo-Indians converse with one another, and which would, if Anglo-Indians remained in India all their lives, develop into a new lingua franca. Its specialty is the use of Indian nouns and a few Indian adjectives instead of English ones, and its object, like that of all English efforts at language, is extreme terseness, the native word expressing at once what in English would require a sentence. The oddest thing about it is that it is an absolutely useless language, being used only by the English in talking among themselves, and totally unintelligible to anybody else.-Spectator, May 5, 1877.

The "Anglo-Indian Tongue" is a paper to be commended alike to the curious in the local slang of all nations as an etymological problem, and to the Indian officers and civil servants, who find their account in accommodating themselves in a great measure to the language of the country, the peculiarities of which, whether in the culinary, complimentary, legal, or objugatory lines, are cleverly set forth in this article.-Academy, May 12, 1877.

CHINA-ENGLISH DIALECT.

1876. LELAND, CHARLES G. Pidgin-English Sing Song, in ChinaEnglish Dialect. 12mo. London, Trübner.

1876. LELAND, C. G. Wang-ti. One piece Pidgin English SingSong. In Macmillan's Magazine, May, 1876, pp. 76-78.

ADDITIONS,

CHIEFLY TO THE ENGLISH LIST.

General.

HALES, J. W. English Dialects: an Essay. Good Words for 1867, p. 557.

Re

RAY, JOHN. A Collection of English Words, etc. By John Ray. To which is appended Thoresby's Letter to Ray, 1703. arranged and edited, with Introduction, Notes, and Index, by the Rev. Walter W. Skeat. E. D. S. Publications, No. vi., 1874. See E. D. S. Book List, p. 11.

Dialectal Words extracted from Hearne's Glossaries. Edited by Professor J. E. B. Mayor. E. D. S. Publications, No. v., 1874. See Gloss. B. 14.

Date of

Publication.

Cheshire.

God's Providence House. A

1865. BANKS, Mrs. G. LINNÆUS.

novel.

Scene laid partly in Cheshire, and portions of the dialogue are in the dialect of the county.

1877. LEIGH, Lieut.-Col. EGERTON, M.P. (the late). Glossary of Words used in the Dialect of Cheshire. Crown 8vo. Chester.

Cornwall.

1847. SANDYS, WILLIAM, F.S.A. Shakespeare illustrated by the Dialect of Cornwall. Shakespeare Society's Papers, Vol. III., pp. 22-32.

1872. KINAHAN, GEORGE HENRY. On the similarity of some Cornish rock-names and miners' terms to Irish words. Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall, No. xiv., April, 1873. 133-139.

1875. MOSLEY, JOHN IVON.

Pp.

"Timothy Teigh" (rhyme), in Ben

Brierley's Journal, October 30, 1875.