p. 64. post "exorcise them, after blowing three times upon their face A. D. 381. "and into their ears; then we instruct them, we keep them "a great while in the Church attending to the Scriptures, "and at length we baptize them." We still find in the Euchol. Greek Euchologium the same unctions and the same words, Bapt. used in Confirmation. As to those heretics whom the Council orders to be baptized, it was because they were either not baptized at all, or not according to the form used in the Church; and they are the same, and of the same country with those whom St. Basil mentions in his first canonical epistle to St. Amphilochius, and whose baptism he declares to be invalid. There is a particular Canon in the Council of Constanti- Can. 5. nople, relating to the reunion of the Church of Antioch, which is conceived in these terms: As concerning the Tome of those of the West, we likewise receive those of Antioch, who confess one only Divine nature of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. This Tome of those of the West is some writing sent in favour of the party of Paulinus; but we cannot exactly say what it is. This is all that was deter mined in the Council of Constantinople. Conc. The Bishops afterwards wrote a synodical letter to the Tom. ii. Emperor Theodosius, wherein, after giving a brief account of p. 946. B. what they had enacted concerning faith and discipline, they add: "We beseech you therefore to authorise the decree of the "Council; that as you have honoured the Church by the "letters by which it was called, you may likewise fix a con❝clusion and seal to our determinations." After this letter follow the seven Canons. The first to confirm the Nicene faith, and condemn the new heretics by name; the second, to shew the distinction of provinces, and the privileges of the principal Churches; the third, to give the second rank to the Bishop of Constantinople; the fourth, against the Ordination of Maximus the Cynic; the fifth, for the reunion of the Church of Antioch; the sixth, concerning the accusations of Bishops; 8 Vid. Conc. Arelat. I. (A. D. 314.) can. 8. h Ep. 188. ad Amphiloch. tom. iii. p. 268. (A. D. 374.) He does not mention the Sabellians or Eunomians. Supposed to be by Bp. Beveridge the Nicene faith, confirmed at Sardica ; A. IX. Laws in favour of Cod. Socr. v. 8. A. D. 381. and the seventh, concerning the manner of receiving heretics*. After these follows the Creed; then in the Latin copies, the subscriptions of one hundred and forty-seven Bishops divided according to their provinces, the first of which are Nectarius of Constantinople, and Timotheus of Alexandria. But we also find there St. Meletius of Antioch, who died before Timotheus came to the Council; which makes it probable that they subscribed as every decree was drawn up; and that those who came last subscribed to all that had been before enacted. The Canons of the Council bear date the Ibid. p.946. seventh of the Ides of July, that is the ninth of that month. In compliance with what the Council desired, the Emperor Theodosius made a law bearing date the third of the the Church. Calends of August, i. e. the thirtieth of July, in this year 381, by which he orders all the churches without farther Tit. i. 1. 3. delay to be put into the hands of those Bishops who conSoz. vii. 9. fessed the Holy Trinity, acknowledging the Divine nature subsisting in three equal Persons; and who were in communion with Nectarius Bishop of Constantinople; in Egypt, with Timotheus of Alexandria; in the East, with Pelagius of Laodicea, and Diodorus of Tarsus; in the proconsular Asia, and the Diocese of Asia, with Amphilochius Bishop of Iconium, and Optimus of Antioch; in the Diocese of Pontus, with Helladius Bishop of Cæsarea, with Otreius of Melitene, and Gregory of Nyssa; and moreover with Terentius Bishop of Scythia, and Marmarius of Marcianople. Those who would communicate with all these Bishops, were to be put in possession of the churches; and those who did not agree with them concerning the Faith, were to be driven out from them, as notorious heretics, and never have them restored for the future, that the Nicene Faith might continue inviolable. This law is addressed to the Proconsul of Asia, because this province was most infested with those heretics whom the Council had just condemned, particularly the Macedonians. The law comprehends the five great Dioceses subject to the Vid. Gothof. in hanc Leg. As to the fifth, sixth, and seventh Canons, the last is generally allowed to be supposititious, and to have first appeared, according to Bp. Beveridge, after A. D. 455; the two others probably belong to the Council held in the next year in Constantinople, which was in fact a continuation of the Ecumenical Council of Constantinople. (Theod. v. c. 8.) Imp. Ori Thes. Prætorian Præfect1 of the East, the first of which was the East A. D. 381. properly so called, that is Syria, then Egypt, Asia, Pontus Notit. dig. and Thrace. Although Constantinople was contained in this ent. c. 1. last, the Bishop of that city is named first, by reason of the ap. Græv. rank which the Council had lately granted him. The Bishop tom. vii. p. 1338.] of the great Antioch in Syria is not mentioned, on account of the schism which yet continued there; for Paulinus was not acknowledged by the Eastern Bishops. St. Meletius was dead; and Flavian, elected to succeed him, was not yet consecrated Bishop, or at least not generally acknowledged. The Emperor therefore thought it sufficient to mention two of the most approved Bishops in the Diocese of the East, viz. Pelagius of Laodicea, and Diodorus of Tarsus. The proconsular Asia and the Diocese of Asia are joined together, for though they were two distinct Dioceses in respect of the Civil Theodor. government, they were joined togetherm in the Ecclesias- 28. [et tical; so that the Diocese of Asia contained eleven provinces. ad loc.] Although Ephesus was the capital of this Diocese of Asia, Ecclesiastical.] the Bishop of that city is not named here; but only Amphilochius of Iconium, and Optimus of Antioch in Pisidia. For the Diocese of Pontus we find the Bishop of Cæsarea, (which was the capital,) namely, Helladius, St. Basil's successor. [ died The two last, Terentius and Marmarius, are for the Diocese of A. D. 379.J Thrace, besides the Bishop of Constantinople who was named first. Terentius was Bishop of Tomi the metropolis of Scythia, and Marmarius was Bishop of Marcianople the metropolis of Mysia. It was for these reasons, so far as we are acquainted with them, that these eleven Bishops were selected from amongst the rest; and all their names are found in the subscriptions of the Council. Socrates says, that they were Soer. v. 8. made Patriarchs; which is to be understood of the extra- ad loc 1 1 The Prætorian Præfects, were four officers with plenary power, set over the East, Illyricum, Italy, and the Gauls. Cod. Theod. I. Tit. ii. 1. 8. The Civil Diocese of Asia was governed by a Vicar (i. e. Vice-Præfect); Asia Proper was an independent province under a Proconsul, who acknowledged no authority under that of the Prætorian Præfect. These two countries Politically distinct were Ecclesiastically united. See Theodor. as quoted in the margin, and Notit. p. 2 1336. A similar instance occurs in the Not. varior. [1i. e. The et Vales. A. D. 381. ordinary power which was accorded to them in these great Dioceses. Cod. We find several other laws of Theodosius made this same Theod. xvi. year, 381, in favour of religion. There is one bearing date Tit. v. 1. 6. the fourth of the ides, i. e. the 10th, of January, by which he takes all the churches from the heretics, notwithstanding the rescripts which they may have obtained by surprise. He therein expressly condemns the Photinians, the Arians, and Eunomians; he recommends the Nicene faith, and forbids all the assemblies of heretics within the cities. This law is addressed to Eutropius the Prætorian Præfect of the East, whose learning and virtue is commended by St. Gregory Nazianzen. By another law addressed to the Count" of the East, and dated the 14th of the calends of August, i. e. the 19th of July, the Emperor Theodosius forbids the Eunomians, Arians, and Aëtians to build churches either in the cities or country, under penalty of confiscation of the places where they build them: that is to say, he gives order for executing what was before determined in the Council, with regard to the fifteen provinces comprehended within the Diocese of the East, where the Arians had most power, and where Eunomius and Aëtius had taught. Cod. ibid. 1. 8. Cod. Theod. ibid. 1. 7. About the same time, that is to say on the 8th of May, in this year 381, he made a law against the Manichees, which confirms the prohibition already made against them, as to giving or receiving any thing amongst them by will or donation, and holding assemblies; and this under whatsoever name they disguise themselves, whether Encratites, Apotactites, Hydroparastates, or Saccophorians". These were more ancient and less odious heresies, whose names the Manichees borrowed, in order to screen themselves from the public hatred. They called themselves Encratites, or continent, because they condemned marriage; Hydroparastates, or Aqua Theod. xvi. Theod. xvi. thof. ad loc. rians, because they used water in the Eucharist, entirely con- A. D. 381. demning the use of wine; the profession which they made of poverty occasioned their assuming the name of Apotactites, or renouncers; and of Saccophorians, or wearers of sackcloth; but they collected together all the errors of these sects, and held some still more criminal. This law also is addressed to Eutropius the Prætorian Præfect of the East, to whom is likewise addressed a law against apostates dated in the same Cod. month, and probably the same day; which deprives those of Tit. vii. 1.1. the privilege of making wills, who from Christians become Pagans, and annuls their testaments. At the end of the same year, and on the 13th of the calends of January, i. e. on the Cod. 20th of December, Theodosius made his first law, that we Tit. x. 1. 7. now have remaining, against the Pagans, against whom we and Gofind none since Constantius' time in the year 356. This law forbids them to offer sacrifices either in the day time, or at night, under the penalty of being proscribed. But he did not yet cause the temples to be shut; and in the following year 382, he published a rescript, expressly permitting them to assemble in a certain famous temple of Osdrocna, although Cod. there were idols in it; on condition however of their not ibid. 1. 8. offering sacrifices there. The same year 382, he made a law against the Manichees more severe than the former; by Cod. which confirming, with respect to them all, the punishment of Tit. 5. 1. 9. not having power to dispose of their estates, he adds the penalty of death to such as assume the names of Encratites, Saccophorians, or Hydroparastates; and orders Florus the Prætorian Præfect of the East, to appoint inquisitors for discovering them. This is the first time that we meet with the word inquisitors in the laws against heretics. Theod. Theod. xvi. the Arian 350.] The Emperor Theodosius being informed of what had Socr. v. 9. happened to St. Paul Bishop of Constantinople, whom the Soz. vii. 10. Præfect Philip had put to death in his exile ', caused his body [During to be brought from Ancyra, and buried it with great state in persecu the church which Macedonius the adversary of Paul had built, tion, A.D. and which was very large and greatly esteemed. The name of St. Paul was given to it; and most of the people, especially the women, imagined since, that it was the Apostle St. Paul, whose relics were there deposited. Certain persons were appointed for taking care of those churches where relics were |