"

which admits us into the Christian covenant is not necessarily "a lively faith," but merely "faith in general;" nay, even a dead," in contradistinction from " a lively faith," and this he intimates" experience shews,"-though how experience shews it, we are persuaded it would puzzle the ingenuity of his lordship to shew. But is this the view which the Church of England gives us of the subject? We say it is not; nay, we maintain, without the slightest fear--we will not affirm of contradiction, for we have to do with a very pugnacious antagonist, but without the slight est fear of confutation-that it is directly opposed to the view of the Church of England; that the one is as directly opposed to the other as any negative and affirmative proposition on the same identical point can be opposed to each other.

"Three things," says the third Homily, second part, "are required to the obtaining of our righteousness" (or justification); that is, God's mercy, Christ's justice, and a true and lively faith, out of the which faith spring good works;" and "that faith (ibid. third part) which bringeth forth without repentance, either evil works or no good works, is NOT a right, pure, and lively faith, but a dead, devilish, counterfeit, and feigned faith, as St. Paul and St. James call it." And yet to such a faith as this would a bishop of the Church of England, who has probably ten times in his life subscribed the Thirty-fifth Article, attribute our justification before God. This is truly affecting. But to proceed: The same Homily, speaking still of this "dead and devilish faith," adds; "Yet for all this faith they be but devils, remaining still in their damnable estate, lacking the very true Christian faith. For the true Christian faith is, not only to believe that holy Scripture, and the Articles of our faith are true, but also to have a sure trust and confidence in God's merciful promises, to be

saved from everlasting damnation by Christ, whereof doth follow a loving heart to obey his commandments. And this true Christian faith neither any devil hath; nor yet any man, which in the outward profession of his mouth, and in his outward receiving of the sacraments," (baptism is a sacrament,) "in coming to church, and in all other outward appearances seemeth to be a Christian man, and yet in his living and deeds sheweth the contrary."

Again: "The first coming unto God," (admission into the Christian covenant), “ good Christian people, is through faith, whereby, as it is declared in the last sermon, we be justified before God." " And of this faith three things are specially to be noted. First, that this faith doth not be dead in the heart, but is lively and fruitful in bringing forth good works." (Hom. iv. part 1.) "And as soon as a man hath faith, anon he shall flourish in good works; for faith itself is full of good works; and nothing is good without faith." (Hom v. part 2.)

At the commencement of the fourth Homily, the very heresy now propounded by the Bishop of Peterborough, is combated by anticipation.

The faith for which he contends as being justifying faith, our church is there at great pains to explain to be not* properly faith,

The early readers of the Christian Observer will probably recollect, that when Mr. Daubeny undertook to maintaiu something of the same view (though certainly a far less unscriptural view) of the doctrine of justification which Bishop Marsh has embodied in his Questions, he found it necessary to his argument to be rid of this emphatic NOT ; and most unfortunately for him, his copy of the Homilies, from some typographical error, was without it. The Bishop of Peterborough, however, is a still more unshrinking controversialist, and he ventures to brave even the direct negative of the Homilies, as we have already seen him brave the direct negative of the Articles. Those who are curious to look farther into this subject may consult our volume for 1804, p. 622, et seq.

but dead, barren, unfruitful, and not that sure and substantial faith which saveth sinners; and this explanation it gives expressly, lest any man should be deceived for lack of right understanding, as to the sort of faith by which "we be justified before God."

But our readers may possibly not be aware that the opinions of Dr. Marsh which have been embodied in these Eighty seven Questions, are extracted from a work of his own formerly canvassed in our pages. The" connected view" which has given rise to the present discussion is, in fact, no more than a section of that former work, cut up into questions. The work itself is entitled, "A comparative View of the Churches of England and Rome;" and he there takes occasion to discuss the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th Articles, in much the same spirit which marks his new standard of orthodoxy. Those who wish to form an estimate of that work, and to compare its views with those which he has now episcopally enunciated, may consult our volume for 1815, pp. 227, 501, and 581.

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do sin after their baptism, when they turn again to God unfeignedly, they are likewise washed by this sacrifice," (the death of Christ,) "from their sins, in such sort that there remaineth not any spot of sin that shall be imputed to their damnation. This is their justification or righteousness, of which St. Paul speaketh, when he saith, No man is justified by the works of the law, but freely by faith in Jesus Christ." Now here we have the case of persons who had been baptized, and had sinned after baptism, obtaining that justification by faith in Jesus Christ, which the bishop labours to identify with baptism. No sophistry can reconcile this contradiction.

In the same strain, do they express themselves in the second part of the same Homily, respecting that "justification which is the office of God only," justifying us "freely by faith without works;" and which they speak of as embracing not only our original sin in baptism," but "all actual sin committed by us after baptism, if we truly repent, and turn unfeignedly to him again."

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One passage to the same effect has been already quoted from the second part of the third Homily, to which a parallel passage may be found towards the close of the third part of the fourth Homily, where men who are christened, and think the name of a naked faith sufficient for them, are placed in fearful opposition to those who possess the true Christian faith, which justifieth the sinner, and which worketh by love.

In the 29th Homily, part L., there occurs a passage having a similar aspect, which we were tempted to submit to the new dialectic process by which the Bishop assumes that the conjunctive particle establishes a distinction. It is this: "If they were asked again, who should be thanked for their regeneration, for their justification, and for their salvation? Whether their deserts

in which recommendation Mr. Cotterill most cheerfully acquiesced. His Grace readily undertook, and promptly executed the work of mediation: and not only prepared a selection of Psalms and Hymns for public worship, but likewise presented a thousand copies for the use of the congregation of St. Paul's Church. A similar process was threatened against the ministers of two other congregations who had introduced Mr. Cotterill's selection, unless they would adopt that recommended by his Grace. In order to prevent the possibility of dissatisfac. tion in those congregations, it was found necessary to present copies gratuitously to those likewise. The selection has been thus introduced into three churches with the perfect concurrence of all parties.

The Commissioners for building New Churches have made their first report; from which it appears, that 85 new churches or chapels are to be built, furnishing sittings to 144,190 persons: the probable expense is 1,068,0001.

The Gazette contains an order in council regulating the rewards to ships which may hereafter explore the Arctic Circle: they are as follows:-The first ship that reaches 130 W. long. 50001. The first ship that reaches 150 W. long. a further sum of 50001. The first ship that reaches the Pacific by a NorthWest Passage a further sum of 10,0001. The first ship that shall reach 83 N. lat. 10001.; 85, a further sum of 10001.; 87, a further sum of 10001.; 88, a further sum of 10001.; 89, or beyond, a further sum of 10001.

FRANCE.

Several learned Frenchmen are occupied in preparing translations of Plutarch, Sallust, Tacitus, Aristotle, Hippocrates, &c. from Arabic MSS., into which language many or all the best Greek and Roman authors are known to have been translated.

RUSSIA.

Count Romanzow has lately fitted out

two new expeditious for the discovery and investigation of unknown countries. One of the expeditions is to endeavour to travel along the solid ice on the coast of Tschutski from Asia to America; the other to ascend one of the rivers in the North-west coast, in order to penetrate the unknown space between the Icy Cape and Mackenzie's River.

INDIA.

We have lately recorded several excellent public regulations in India, to which we add with pleasure the following:-" Head-quarters, Calcutta, 25th September 1820.-Instances of gambling in the army having come within the notice of the Commander-inchief, his lordship earnestly calls upon officers at the head of corps to use their active exertions in discouraging so pernicious a practice. It is hereby enjoined as a duty on each commanding officer to report to the Commander-in-chief any case where a superior officer may game with subalterns. An officer of any standing ought to feel himself called upon by every principle, to warn the inexperienced against the fatal consequences of the practice, instead of endeavouring to strip a young brother soldier of his scanty means, and reduce him to penury if not to irremediable ruin."

On the 14th of last September an Agricultural Society was formed in Calcutta, the attention of the public having been previously invited to the subject in an interesting paper written by Dr. Carey. The objects in contemplation are, the introduction of new and useful plants, the improvement of implements of husbandry, and the improvement of live stock. In the course of time it is expected that the plough and harrow, with the scythe and sickle, and other useful European implements and processes, will be adopted. The Marquis and Marchioness of Hastings have patronized the plan.

THEOLOGY.

A Series of Sermons on the Christian Faith and Character; by the Rev. J. B. Sumner. 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Part I of Select British Divines; containing the first part of Bishop Beveridge's Private Thoughts; by the Rev. C. Bradley. royal 18mo. 2s. 6d.

A Sermon preached in the Chapel at Lambeth, Nov, 12, 1820, at the Conse

cration of the Bishop of Exeter; by the Rev. E. Goodenough, D. D. 4to. 2s.

The Infant's Progress from the Valley of Destruction to Everlasting Glory; by Mrs. Sherwood. 12mo. 5s.

The Liturgy of the Church of Eugland explained, recommended, and vindicated; by Henry Jenkins. 12mo. 5s.

Thirty-six Evening Prayers, as used in her own Family; by a Lady, 4to. 5s.

True and False Religion; by the Rev. G. G. Scraggs, A. M. 12mo. 7s.

The Articles of the Church of England illustrated by Extracts from the Liturgy, Homilies, Nowell's Catechism, and Jewell's Apology, and confirmed by Scripture; by the Rev. W. Wilson, B. D. 8vo. 6s.

Bible Rhymes, on the Names of all the Books of the Old and New Testament; by Hannah More. 8vo. 3s.

Correlative Claims and Duties; or the Necessity of a Church Establishment, and the Means of promoting Devotion among its Members; by the Rev. S. C. Wilks, A. M. 8vo. 12s.

The Speeches of Sir Samuel Romilly, with a Memoir of his Life; by W. Peter, Esq. 2 vols. 8vo. 11. 6s.

Index Monasticus; or, the Monasteries, Alien Priories, Friaries, &c. in the Diocese of Norwich, and East Anglia; by R. Taylor, of Norwich. folio, 31. 3s. Thoughts on the Criminal Prisons of this Country; by G. Holford, Esq. M. P. 8vo. 2s.

Remains of Ancient Buildings in Rome and its Vicinity; by M. Dubourg. 1 vol. atlas, 4to hf. bd. engraved on 26 plates, and beautifully coloured to imitate drawings. 71. 78.

Ferguson's Astronomy, with Notes and Supplementary Chapters; by Dr. Brewster, 2 vols. 8vo. with plates. 24s. Life and Writings of Victor Alfieri. 12mo. 5s. 6d.

Life of Anne Boleyn; by Miss Benger. 2 vols. crown 8vo. 16s.

Life and Writings of Dr. Brian Walton, Bishop of Chester, Editor of the London Polyglott Bible; by the Rev. H. I. Todd, M. A. 2 vols. 8vo. 11. 1s.

Select Female Biography; compris. ing Memoirs of eminent British Ladies. 12mo. 6s. 6d.

The Pastorals of Virgil, with a Course of English Reading, for Schools; by R. I. Thornton, M. D. 2 vols. 12mo. 15s.

A Manual of Lithography, from the French by C. Hallmandel. Svo. 6s. Memoirs of the Revolution of Mexico; by W. D. Robinson. 2 vols. 8vo.

The Naval and Military Exploits of the Reign of George III.; by J. Aspin.

12mo. 14s.

PROPOSED BRITISH INDIA SO

CIETY.

WE Copy the following suggestions for an association to promote the intellectual and moral improvement of the Natives of British India, from a paper which has been circulated by some zealous and benevolent friends to that important object.

"The extension of the British Empire to a territorial dominion in Asia far exceeding that of the United Kingdom in Europe, and over a population of more than sixty millions of subjects within the limits of the East India Company's possessions, and in the island of Ceylon, has brought with it a corresponding national obligation, inseparable from every legitimate and just government, to promote, by all practicable

means, the welfare of the people subjected to its authority. It has, accordingly, been declared by the legislature (in the Act 53 Geo. III. c. 155.) that it is the duty of this country to promote the interest and happiness of the native inhabitants of the British dominions in India; and such measures ought to be adopted as may tend to the introduction among them of useful knowledge, and of religious and moral improvement.' Several associations have also been formed, which have in view the benevolent objects pointed out by the legislature. Recent communications from India convey the gratifying intelligence that not only our European fellow-subjects in that country bave been active and zealous in this laudable pursuit, but that the natives themselves,