A serions impression may be made upon rude and uncultivated savages simply by exhortation and preaching : but many other measures must be resorted to, before we can hope to succeed with those oriental nations who have made considerable advances towards refinement; superstition being infinitely more impregnable than ignorance, and the fable of a popular mythology far more binding than the darkness of the grossest idolatry."

We had marked these paragraphs some time since, with a view to draw up a few observations in reply; and had intended also to touch in passing upon some still more illiberal strictures on the part of a Mr. Bowen, in a pamphlet entitled, "Missionary Incitement, and Hindoo Demoralization," to which an able and seasonable answer, the perusal of which we recommend to our readers, has been given by the Rev. T. T. Biddulph, under the title of "Christian Charity exerting itself by means of Missionary Incitement for the Correction of Hindoo Immorality." A letter, however, has appeared in the Bristol Mirror, of Nov. 3, in reply to the strictures of the Quarterly Review, (which had been copied into the preceding Number of that journal,) so well adapted to confute the charges of the reviewer, that we think it unnecessary to go over the ground again, and shall therefore present it to our readers.

"The reviewer is pleased to say, p. 452, We have carefully read the last Report of the Church Missionary So. ciety.' This could not have been believed by one who had read his remarks on that Report, if he had not so positively assured us that he had done so. For his assertion, that the Reports,' among which of course the last must be included, contain little more, from year to year, than a repetition of the same pious sentiments and sanguine expectations,' is so far from being true, that there is scarcely a single page, out of upwards of 170, which is not filled

with details of facts, all relative to plans now in operation and in progress for accomplishing the Society's great objects. This I shall endeavour to shew, by a reference to the subjects of that Report, before I conclude my remarks.

"But I must previously notice what the reviewer says, when he adds, 'all that we learn is, that they' (namely, the Church Missionary Society)' expended upwards of 30,000l. between April, 1819, and April, 1820! that they have two hundred labourers distributed among eight missions; that in these different missions between 9,000 and 10,000 children are educated; that many thousand adults hear the glad tidings of salvation, and of these many hundreds make a credible profession of Christi anity.'

"The reviewer then reprobates 'the vagueness of this statement.' But, sir, as a summary view of the proceedings of the Society (in which, though the reviewer has omitted it, is contained a list of the Society's stations, and of which the particulars are detailed and substantiated in the subsequent pages of the Report and its Appendix)—as a summary view, is it not sufficient to convict the reviewer of inconsistency in saying, that the Report contains

little more than pious sentiments and sanguine expectations? Are the facts, that 200 labourers are in actual employ, -that 9,000 or 10,000 children are in a course of Christian education,-that many thousands of adults hear the Go. spel, and that of these many hundreds make a credible profession of Christi anity, to be classed under the head of

sanguine expectations?' Are they consistent with the insinuation intended to be conveyed, that the funds of the Society are uselessly expended? What more probable means would the reviewer recommend, until the govern. ment can be induced to adopt the mea. sure he has specified with respect to Persia, than those which the Society is pursuing? What greater success could he anticipate in a period of preparation, a large portion of which has unavoid ably been employed in learning the lan guages of the several countries, and in other studies conducive to future active exertion? Is there, Mr. Editor, in the judgment of sound sense, any thing vague in this statement of facts?

"But how am I to reconcile the reviewer's assertion with the evident truth of the case? He says he has care.

"The reviewer, in pursuing his argument, assumes a point which is fundamentally erroneous. He makes the number of converts the criterion of wisdom in the regulations and the application of the funds of the Society. Had he forgotten that, however legitimate and judicious the means, the end depends upon the blessing of God? Had he forgotten how few were the converts made by the ministry of our Lord and his Apostles, up to the time of our Lord's ascension into heaven? Was he unapprized of the varied degree of success which attended the labours of the several Apostles after the day of Pentecost; and also of the same Apostle, and he the most successful of all, in the different places where he exercised his ministry? Had he forgotten how long the pious Egede laboured in Greenland without making a single convert, and what blessed results followed the preparations be had made? Had the more recent success of the Otaheitan Mission, after a very long period of patient waiting, slipt from his memory? Is he certain that the weeping seed-time of a Martyn (Ps. cxxvi. 6.) which he has so greatly depreciated, will not prove preparatory to an abundant harvest ?

"The critic is equally erroneous on another point. He goes back to the Nineteenth Report for a ground of accusation against the Church Missionary Society. He says, 'The vagueness of the statement, added to the fact of there having been twenty converts only made at one of their stations in four years, and of these, all relapsing but one, is

a sufficient proof both of limited success, and of an inherent defect in their regulations, and in the application of their resources.' Such is the reviewer's representation of a fact, on which he builds his heavy charge. But let us look at the fact as it appears in the Report itself. The Madras Mission, to which the reviewer alludes, was, at the time referred to, in an infantile state. The missionaries, newly sent thither, had to learn the language of the country, before they could freely communicate with the natives. The reviewer himself dilates, at the opening of his paper, on the necessity of literary attainments to the success of missions; and, surely, an acquaintance with the language spoken by the natives is not the least of those attainments. This knowledge the Missionaries were diligently employed in acquiring; and, during this interval, with the imperfect means of communication they possessed, twenty natives were induced to listen to their instructions. These catechumens are never described as converts: they were not deemed fit to be admitted to baptism; but they made some inquiries, and seemed willing to be taught. At length it appeared, that one only among them had been so affected by the doctrines of Christianity, as to remain stedfast in its profession. Here, indeed, is proof of 'limited suecess;' very limited, indeed, during these four years of preparation for a more efficient ministry: but I can see nothing in the account that demonstrates inherent defect in the Society's regulations, or in the application of its resources.' As well might it be said, that all the money spent at college, in a preparation for the ministry, is thrown away. Let it be remembered, that these catechumens are expressly stated to have been admitted to instruction, only on a trial of their sincerity.' And, surely, the announcement of the missionaries' disappointment proves nothing but their caution and conscientious care to admit no hypocrites into the Christian church, and the integrity of the Committee, in making known to their friends the discouragements, as well as the comforts, unavoidable in such an undertaking as a Christian Mission.

"It is iusionated by the reviewer, that the Society is defective in plans of education similar to that proposed by the Bishop of Calcutta. But how is

this insinuation to be accounted for in the face of the statement, copied by the reviewer, and by him uncontradicted, that between 9 and 10,000 children are under education in the Society's schools? How, when every part of the Report which refers to India (to say no. thing of other stations) shews, that in every station this object is most sedulously pursued? How when it appears that in Travancore, and the other Indian stations, not only the instruction of the native children, but the training of a selection from them for future missionaries, are primary objects of the Society's attention? How is this insinua tion consistent with the fact which the reviewer has himself recorded, that the Church Missionary Society has given 5000l. to the Bishop of Calcutta's new College, which his lordship has thankfully received? And how is it consistent with his lordship's expressed approbation of the measures which the Society s pursuing in its missions?

"It may be asked on behalf of the Church Missionary Society, why the reviewer, in making a report of what he conceives to be a want of success in its efforts to convey the blessings of Christianity to heathen nations, has confined himself to the Madras station, and has omitted to refer his readers to Africa, and especially to Regent's Town? Could - he have overlooked that part of the Twentieth Report, which he says he has carefully read, and which states, that' not an oath had been heard in the town, to Mr. Johnson's knowledge, for the last twelve months, nor had any drunkenness been witnessed; that the attendance on pub. lic worship is regular and large, three times on the Sunday, on an average not less than 1200 or 1300 Negroes, while Mr. Johnson's first congregation amounted but to mine; that at morning and evening daily prayers, not less than 500 are present; that the schools which opened with 90 boys and 50 girls, and -36 adults, now contain upwards of 500 scholars?'

"Why has this been omitted? Is there nothing here but pious sentiments and sanguine expectations?' Is the soul of an African of no value? Is there no remuneration in this account to a libera! and pious public for the sums which have been expended, even if no persons had been converted in India, and even if no preparation had been made for more successful labours? But the reviewer should have directed the at

tention of his readers to Agra, and other Indian stations, besides Madras. It was unfair not to do so. If even, however, this were all that we learn,' I am fully satisfied that my contributions to the Society have not been misapplied.

"I have occupied, Mr. Editor, a considerable space in your columns; but I must beg you to allow me further room for epitomising, in a very short compass, the last Report of the Church Missionary Society, for the purpose of proving how grossly the critic in the Quarterly Review has misrepresented that Report. The first twelve pages, as I have already allowed, are employed in detailing the measures which have been adopted for obtaining the necessary funds at home, with the income and expenditure of the Society. This will not, I conceive, be deemed an unnecessary employ. ment of its pages. The Report then proceeds to give an account of the missionaries and students supported by the Society. Then follows the short account of its stations, measures, and success, which the reviewer has quoted as above. And the Report then enters ou a detailed relation of its efforts and success in its different posts of labour; namely, the West African, the Mediterranean, the Indian, the Ceylon, the Australasian, and the West Indies. In the Reports made from these stations, either the eyes of the reviewer or my own must have greatly deceived us. I find little or nothing of pious sentiments or sanguine expectations,' while he finds nothing else. The whole appears to me to be an unvarnished tale of the measures adopted, and of the effects which they have produced. There are indeed two pages, at the close of the hundred and seventy-two of which the Report consists, under the title of Conclusion,' wherein there is much pious sentiment, and sanguine' but not unwarrant. ed' expectation.'

"Allow me to express my hope that, when the reviewer again takes up the subject of Religious Missions,' he will substantiate his statements by proof, and not send forth to the world such unfounded assertions as those which you have extracted from his last Number, on which I have now troubled you with the preceding remarks. I should have liked to have offered a remark or two on the character and conduct of the sainted Martyn; but I must not trespass further upon you. I am, sir, "Your very obedient servant, JAMES.

"The reviewer appears to be indebted to the Asiatic Journal (see the Numbers for Dec. 1819, and for Feb. 1820), in part at least, for his critique on the Church Missionary Report: though not to so great an extent as another writer in opposition to that Society; namely, Mr. Bowen, in his pamphlet, intitled,' Missionary Incitement and Hindoo Demoralization; to which a reply has been just published in this city, under the title of Christian Charity exerting itself, by means of Missionary Incitement, for the Correction of Hindoo Immorality.""

LUTHER'S MONUMENT AT

WITTENBERG,

The following account of the public exhibition of the monument lately erected to the memory of Martin Luther at Wittenberg, is extracted from a German newspaper.

"The erecting of the monument was commemorated with great solemnity on the 31st October. The day being extremely fine, the concourse of people was very great, and the whole ceremony was conducted with a degree of order and solemnity suitable to the occasion, and which made a profound impression on the spectators. The statue of the great reformer, by M. Schadow, is a master-piece. Before the statue was uncovered, the ancient and celebrated hyma Ein feste Berg ist unser Gott,' was sung in chorus, and had a surpris

ingly sublime effect. Dr. Nitsch then delivered a suitable discourse; at the conclusion of which, a signal being given, the covering of the monument fell, and disclosed this noble work. Many of the spectators, overpowered by their feelings, fell on their knees in adoration of the Almighty, who gave us this great The preacher then put up a solemo prayer, concluding with the Lord's Prayer; after which the whole assembly sung the hymn, The Lord appeared, and restored to us his work through his servant.'

man.

"In the evening a bright fire was kindled in iron baskets placed around the monument, and was kept up the whole night. All the houses, not excepting the smallest cottage, were illuminated; the Town-house, the Lyceum, the Castle, and the Barracks, were distinguished by suitable inscriptions, and a lofty illumination between the towers of the town announced the feeling with which the inhabitants of Luther's native, place honoured his memory. The students from Halle, Berlin, and Leipsic, conducted themselves in the most exemplary manner, and went at eleven at night to the market-place, where they sung several academic songs.-The memory of this day will leave in the hearts of the people of Wittenberg, and of all Protestants, an impression of respect and gratitude to his majesty the king of Prussia, to whom we are indebted for this solemn commemoration."

FOREIGN.

FRANCE. The chambers have met; and, if we were to judge from the king's speech at their opening, under circumstances of a far more pleasing kind than has been the case for a considerable time past. The king states, that it is "always with confidence, and at present under favourable auspices, that he meets the chambers:" that "in preceding years he had to mingle his griefs with theirs; but now, more happy, he had only to return thanks to the Almighty for the constant protection vouchsafed to France:" that the infant duc de Bourdeaux is a source of consolation and hope; and that his foreign relations are amicable. Allusion is then made to the affairs of

Turkey, but in language cautiously guarded; though, as the French government can scarcely mean that

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religion," or "humanity," or even "policy," would be consulted by sacrificing the Greeks to the Mahommedans, there can be no doubt which way the balance turns. The passage is thus expressed: "Great calamities afflict the East: let us hope that they approach their termination, and that the prudence and cordiality of all the powers will find the means of satisfying what religion, policy, and humanity, may justly demand." The speech mentions, with gratitude to Divine Providence, the sensible progress of industry, the arts, agriculture, and commerce. It goes on to state the

prosperity of the finances, and the intention to put an end to the system of provisional grants, and by every possible retrenchment to prepare for taking off other taxes, in addition to those already abolished. It is further remarked, that the laws are respected; (it is not meant, we presume, to include those abolishing the slave trade;) that discipline reigns in the army; and that passions are subsiding, and suspicions wearing away. We should rejoice to believe that such statements were in their fullest extent descriptive of the real condition of France. In one important respect, however-that which regards the subsidence of angry passions, and the wearing away of suspicions-we believe it to be far otherwise; and that the predominance of the ultra-royalist party in the chamber of deputies, which has been the effect of the last law of elections, is viewed with jealousy and alarm by the great mass of the French population.--The chambers have not yet proceeded to any business of importance. The progress of their debates will better inform us, than the periodical press is at liberty to do, what is the real state of public feeling. There can be no doubt that if the ultra-royalist party would abandon their vain hopes of undoing the work of the Revolution and reviving ancient privileges, and would apply themselves honestly to the perfecting of the order of things prescribed in the constitutional charter, by laws and institutions corresponding with its spirit, we might confidently expect the stability of the present peace and prosperity. But neither can they, we fear, abandon their infatuated hopes, nor would the public, if they did, give them credit for having done so, or yield them that confidence which is necessary for the due administration of a government situated like that of France.

SPAIN. The malignant effects of the epidemic fever seem to have little diminished the violence of political contention in this country; although less has been heard of actual outrage during the last month than formerly. The fever had abated its ravages, and the approach of cold weather, we trust, will put a complete period to them. In addition to this internal calamity, serious reverses are now known to have befallen the royalist arms, both in Mexico and Peru. of the former it appears, that the patriots and royalists had agreed upon a

cessation of hostilities; and that articles of adjustment had been entered into, by which Mexico is henceforth to be an independent empire, under a limited and constitutional monarch. The crown is to be placed on the head of Ferdinand the Seventh, or one of his heirs in due order, provided they think fit to come and accept it: in the mean time a regency is to be appointed invested with the executive power, the Cortes holding the legis lative.

Such are the accounts from Mexico. Of Peru it is now certain, that Lima has been taken by General Saint Martin and Lord Cochrane. It is added, that the whole viceroyalty of Peru has been separated from the dominion of the mother country. To what extent this account is correct remains to be seen; but that something of this kind will be the ultimate, and not distant, result of the fall of Lima is scarcely doubtful.

PORTUGAL.-The spirit of revolt in the Portuguese colonies in South America, seems to be fed by the success of the Spanish provinces. The contest between the Cortes of the mother country and the Brazils is rising higher and higher, and seems not unlikely to end, first in a war of separation, and afterwards in a servile war, which will probably terminate like that of St. Domingo. The Brazilians have been blindly and obstinately preparing for such a result by their continued and increasing im portations, during the last ten years, of enslaved Africans; and the just retribution of their criminal perseverance in this guilty commerce, we cannot doubt, will ere long visit them in all the horrors of insurrection, conflagration, and blood.

TURKEY.-The accounts both of the state of things in Turkey, and of the intentions of Russia towards that country, continue as variable as ever. It would seem that there is a growing feeling throughout Europe, in favour of the emancipation of the Greeks; but the dread of aggrandizing Russią probably acts as more than a counter poise to repress it. The diplomatic discussions of the cabinets of Europe, on the whole subject, are involved in impenetrable secrecy. But whatever they are, we feel persuaded that, under existing circumstances, they will have little effect in turning Russia from her own fixed purpose and policy, when the convenient occasion for acting