That we are juftified by faith alone, is a propofition which may be explained in two fenfes. This the terms of the article hold forth in those words, in which it is declared to be" a wholefome doctrine as explained in the homilies," the obvious confequence of which is, that if any other fenfe of which it is capable be there affixed to it, it may be a doctrine of a very different defcription: and by very copious and decifive citations, Dr. Laurence has proved, that the Calvinistic fenfe of the propofition was meant to be excluded, by the pointed reference in the article. But we fhall further add, that the homily quoted, fpeaking of faith, generally gives to it three different attributives; that of being dead, living, and nourished: admitting an inert, an effective, and a progreffive faith. It defines the inert, or dead faith, to be that which bringeth forth no good work: and although the Calvinifts afcribe, in the most unlimited terms, the power of juftification to this principle; the homily to which the article refers us for the full and true fenfe of its terms, and the doctrine of the Church of England, ftates," that faith which bringeth forth no good work, to be not a right, pure, and lively faith; but a dead, Develifh, counterfaite and faigned faith." A faith of this defcription is, therefore, fully excluded by the reference made in the article to the homily. But the faith meant there is that which is called above effective, living, or productive faith. Some further proofs of this are alfo furnished by the following homily, which, on account of their brevity and force, we here notice. It is affirmed therein of faith, "if thefe fruits [good works] do not follow, we do but mock with God, deceive ourselves, and alfo other men ; well may we bear the name of Christian men, but wee do lacke the true fayth that doeth belong thereuntot. And in another place," he that hath this faith muft alfo have good workest." The only legitimate meaning of the article therefore is, that we are juftified by that faith alone which bringeth forth good works: and in the homily of Good Works, immediately following that on Faith, it feems to be confidered, that effective faith may be ftationary or progref five, with refpect to its perfectnefs: for it is there declared, that our faith in Chrift muft goe before, and afterwards bee nourished with good works. Life may bee without nourifhment, but nourishment cannot bee without life;" al Juding to the text of St. James, "faith is made perfect by 64 Edition 1623, P. 19. + Ib. p. 29. + P. 27. works." works." Thus we fee, that the difciples of Calvin affirm, that they find his doctrine on the fubject of juftification by faith, in a part of the article of our Church, where a full condemnation of it is latently couched. With fhowing the difcordance between their tenet on this head and the article, the remarks on this fermon properly clofe. The prefent fubject precludes us from entering into any obfervations on the justice with which this article of our Church attributes fo high an office to efficacious faith. Yet we shall, notwithstanding, refer our readers to the fine difcourfes on faith, prefixed by Dr. Barrow, as an introduction to his expofition of the creed. [To be concluded in our next.] ART. IX. A complete Verbal Index to the Plays of Shakfpeare; adapted to all the Editions. Comprehending every Subftantive, Adjective, Verb, Participle, and Adverb, ufed by Shakspeare: with a diftinct Reference to every individual Paffage in which each Word occurs. By Francis Twifs, Efq. 8vo. 2 Vols. 564 and 611 pp. Price 31. 3s. Egerton, &c. 1805. IT T is but too ufual with commentators to interpret a word. from their ideas of the context with which it ftands, while in other paffages, which do not occur to their minds at the time, a different interpretation is, perhaps, absolutely required. To avoid this error, and the confequent contradictions, (which might be inftanced in many notes on Shakspeare) nothing can be effectual but to view and compare together all the paffages in which the expreffion or phrafe is ufed, and thence to deduce that comprehenfive meaning, which, in its feveral fhades and gradations may apply to all the examples. Editors of ancient claffics have long difcovered, that the ftyle and phrafeology of those authors can never be fufficiently underflood, nor even their fentiments referred to with the facility which is to be wifhed, without the aid of verbal indexes. The Delphin editors, in particular, adopted this opinion, and have accompanied the greater part of their authors with this aid. A few only of the Greek authors have been thus illuftrated, but Seberus's index to Homer, of which various editions have been fold, is a complete proof how defirable fuch an accommodation is efteemed by the learned. Sophocles has lately been prefented with an index; and the excellent edition of Euripides, * Ch. ii. ver. 22. by Beck, has an index, nearly approaching to a complete one, which adds greatly to its value. The concordances to the Scriptures, in the various languages, are all of the fame kind; and poffefs a degree of utility, which, in that branch of ftudy, more particularly, cannot be too highly appre ciated. For our English claffics, very little of this nature has hitherto been attempted, which is one reafon why the languae of fome of our beft writers, where it deviates at all from common and modern ufage, has been fo imperfectly underflood. Bifhop Newton fet the example, in furnifhing a verbal index to the Paradife Loft: and Mr. Todd, we understand, offered to extend it to all the poetical works of that great author; but the publishers were afraid of the additional expence *. In fact, the whole works of Milton, profe as well as verfe, deserve fuch means of reference, as authorities for language, at least, and frequently in other points of view. The attempt to make a copious index to Shakspeare is not now entirely new. Mr. Ayfcough compiled for Stockdale's edition an index of very great extent: but at the fame time, from its frequent deficiencies, more likely to augment than to fatisfy the defire for fuch an accommodation. Much is certainly there, but much alfo is wanting. To inflance in the very firft page, abafhed is omitted, abed, and the word abbominable; &c. Mr. Ayfcough's index is, in fact, more in the ftyle of thofe added to Maittaire's claffics, than of the Delphin indexes, and might be very ufeful, had it been compiled with more knowledge of the expreffions that are really remarkable in the author. This fault indeed pervades all the indices Græcitatis, Latinitatis, &c. that they are built merely upon the compiler's judgment of the language, and if that be imperfect, the index is of courfe defective. To the compilation of a true verbal index, nothing is adverfe but the Herculean labour of the work. To extract and make references to every word in Shakspeare, or any other copious author, for all the various times of its occurrence, is really a task which might alarm even a German commentator or compiler. This task, however, Mr. F. Twifs has executed, and according to all appearance, with accuracy. Such a fact can only be afcertained by trials, and we have neither made nor heard of any that were unfavourable. Since writing the above, we are happy to learn, that such an index is to accompany the republication of Mr. Todd's Milton. All All the ufes of fuch an index cannot easily be enumerated. It may ferve, in the firft place, to afcertain whether a particular word has the authority of the poet or not. Thus, if it be thought that franchis'd is a modern word, not fuffi ciently authorized, we turn to the index, and find that it is ufed by Shakspeare, in Macbeth, A&t 2. fc. 2. where we find this paffage, but ftill keep My bofom franchis'd, and my fpirit clear. 2. It may ferve to illuftrate another poet, particularly one who is known to have admired and ftudied Shakspeare. Thus when he reads in the close of Milton's Lycidas And hears the unexpreffive nuptial fong, In the bleft regions meek of Joy and Love, and is told that inexpreffible is there meant, an inexperienced reader may think it forced. But Mr. Twifs will tell him, that Shakspeare has ufed the fame word in "As you like it," A&t 3. fc. 2. On turning to which place he will find that it is ufed in the very fame fenfe. Run, run, Orlando, carve on ev'ry tree, The fair, the chafte, the unexpressive she. 3. It may help us to find a paffage which we recollect imperfectly. This it feems unneceffary to exemplify, and it may happen continually; nor can it be attended with much trouble, if any one remarkable word or expreffion be recol lected in the paffage. That will be an eafy key to all the reft. 4. It may afcertain, as firft mentioned, the real fenfe of a word, by enabling us to compare all the paffages in which it occurs. 5. It may ferve for amusement in itfelf. By turning it over, and feeing the words which appear extraordinary, and thence referring to the paffages which contain them. Thus collied will be found in Midf. Nights Dream, A&t 1. fc. 2. and in Othello, A&t 2. fc. 3. in thefe lines; alfo, Brief as the lightning in the collied night, And paffion, having my best judgment collied, The firft of thefe paffages illuftrates the fecond, and shows the word to mean darkened. The only inconvenience in the prefent index is, the want of more perfect references, which was unavoidable. The reference to a whole scene for a single word, when the scene happens to be long, is fometimes attended with trouble. But, unless the lines were numbered in all the editions, this could not be avoided. ART. X. The Life and Pontificate of Leo X. &c. By W. Rofcoe. [Concluded from our last, p. 347.] HAVING briefly noticed the two chapters in Vol. 1. and II. which are introductory to the ftate of learning under Leo, we pafs on to Chapter XVI. of Vol. 111. in which Mr. Rofcoe gives an account of the encouragement afforded to men of talents at Rome, under the patronage of Leo, and during a period of general tranquillity. Among the Italian poets (i. e. poets who wrote in Italian) characterized in this chapter, we find the names of Sanazzaro, Tebaldeo, Bernardo Accolti, who is very juflly confidered by Mr. Roscoe as undeferving of the high and even fuperftitious honours paid to him in his lifetime, Bembo, Beazzano, Molza, Ariofto, Vittoria Colonna, Veronica Gambara, Francesco Berni, Folengi, Triffino, Rucellai, and Alamanni. Some of thefe names are confeffedly obfcure, or little known unlefs to thofe who are converfant in the antiquities of Italian poetry; but Mr. R. appears to have ftudied their writings with attention, and has certainly appreciated their merit with much tafle. His opinion of Bembo we fall extract, as it contains fome truths well deferving the notice of modern poets in our own nation. "The poetical works of Bembo confift chiefly of Sonetti and Canzoni, in the ftyle of Petrarca, and are frequently more correct and chafte, but at the fame time more unimpaffioned and cold, than the model on which they are formed. In the perufal of thefe pieces we perceive nothing of that genuine feeling, which proceeding from the heart of the author, makes a direct and irrefiftible appeal to that of the reader; and but little even of that fecondary characteristic of genius, which luxuriates in the regions of fancy, and by its vivid and rapid imagery delights the imagination. On the contrary, whilft thefe pieces ftand ap proved to our deliberate judgment, we feel a conviction that any perfon |