CHAPTER XIV.

THE LANDERS' DISCOVERY OF THE TERMINATION OF THE NIGER.

Expedition undertaken by Richard and John Lander-Arrival

at Cape Coast At Badagry-Annoyances there-Journey

to Eyeo-The royal Wives-Yarriban Females-Superstitions

-Human Sacrifices-The Fellatas-Alorie-Journey to

Kiama-Aspect of the Country and People-Journey to

Boussa-Reception-The Widow Zuma-Voyage up the

Niger to Youri-Interviews with the King-Description of

Youri-King's Daughters-Return to Boussa-Journey to

Wawa-Final Residence at Boussa-Disposal of Goods-

Late Changes in Central Africa-Attempts to recover Park's

Journal-Voyage to Patashie-Lever-Disappointment re-

specting a Canoe-Bajiebo-Aspect of the Niger-Belee-

King of the Dark Water-Zagoshi-Rabba-The Coodoonia

-Egga-Dangers to be apprehended in going down the

River-Kacunda-Dreadful Alarm at Bocqua-Reconcilia-

tion-Damuggoo-Good Reception-Kirree-They are at-

tacked and plundered-Obtain some Redress-Conveyed to

Eboe-Negotiation for Ransom-King Boy-Voyage to

Brass Town-Richard Lander conveyed to an English Ship

-Behaviour of Captain Lake-Boy's Return-John Lander

conveyed to the Vessel-Arrival at Fernando Po-Supposed

Fate of Lake-Pirates-Voyage to England-Range of the

Thermometer at different Points-General Result of this

Expedition,.....
.Page 230

CHAPTER XV.

LAIRD AND OLDFIELD-ALLEN-DAVIDSON.

Plan of Mr Laird's Expedition-Voyage to the Niger-Ascent

to Eboe-Dreadful Sickness and Mortality-Attempts to

ascend the River-Mr Laird proceeds to Funda-Adventures

there, and Departure-Description of that City-Mr Oldfield

ascends the Tchadda-Visits Rabba-Its Description-De-

scends the River-Death of Lander-Return to England-

Mr Allen's Theory respecting the Yeou and Tchadda

Mr Davidson's Expedition-Residence at Morocco-Jour-

ney to Wadnoon-His Murder-Accounts respecting Tim-

buctoo,.
...267

CHAPTER XVI.

WESTERN AFRICA.

General View of this Coast-Dahomey-Norris and M'Leod—

Foota Jallo-Watt and Winterbottom-Ashantee-Embas-

sies of Bowdich and Dupuis-War-Defeat and Submission

of the Ashantees-Adams' Account of Benin, Waree, and

Bonny-Ephraim Town-Delta of the Niger,........ Page 285

CHAPTER XVII.

SOUTHERN AND EASTERN AFRICA.

The Cape-Settlement of the Dutch-Kolben-Hope, Sparr-

man, Le Vaillant-Barrow; Caffres; Bosjesmans-Trutter

and Sommerville -Dr Cowan and his Party-Their Assassina-

tion-Lichtenstein-Campbell's (the Missionary) First and

Second Journeys - Burchell-Thompson-Invasion of the

Mantatees-Zoolas-Alarm in the Colony-Great Irruption

of the Caffres-Peace-Settlement of Natal-Great Emigra-

tion of Dutch Farmers-Their Conflicts with the Natives-Ex-

pedition of Dr Smith-Sir James Alexander-Eastern Africa

-Conquests of the Portuguese-Their present State-Eng-

lish Expedition up the Zambesi-Zanzibar, Mombaza, &c., 298

CHAPTER XVIII.

SOCIAL CONDITION OF AFRICA.

Distinction between Native and Foreign Tribes-Natives-

Agriculture-Manufactures-Internal Trade-Exports and

Imports between Great Britain and Western Africa-

Domestic Accommodation-Intellectual Character-Super-

stitions-War and Slavery-Amiable Features-Forms of

Government-Foreign Races - Mohammedan Converts-

European Colonization-Cape of Good Hope-Albany Dis-

trict-Sierra Leone-Fernando Po-Proposed Settlements on

the Niger-Liberia-Early Difficulties-Present Condition

of the Colony,.....................
..........341

CHAPTER XIX.

GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY OF AFRICA.

Form and Situation of Africa-Its great Natural Regions or

Divisions.-1. Geology of the Atlas or Northern Region-

Age of the Atlas Mountains-2. Geology of the Sahara Re-

gion - Subterranean Villages near Tripoli; in Spain and

France-Tertiary Rocks of Benioleed-Soudan, or Black

Mountains-Petrified Wood in the Desert-Horrid Conse-

quences of the Slave-trade-Human Skeletons in the Desert

--Natron and Salt Lakes-Desert of Bilma-Sultan of Fez-

zan and a Slave-On what Formation does the Sand of the

Desert rest?-Description of a Trona or Natron Lake-Ful-

gurite and Native Meteoric Iron in the Desert-Observations

on the Sand of the Desert-Moving Pillars of Sand-Sand-

wind-How the prevailing Winds affect the Sand of the De-

sert-What is the Geognostical Age of the Sahara? -3.

Geology of the Region to the South of the Sahara, and to the

North of the Great Table-land-African Gold.-4. Geology

of the Great Table-land of Africa--Geology of the Coast

from Sierra Leone to Cape Negro-Cape of Good Hope Dis-

trict-Distribution of its Chains of Mountains, Plains, and

Valleys or Kloofs-Description of the Karroo Plains-Geog-

nosy of the Peninsula of the Cape of Good Hope-The Lion's

Rump-Lion's Head-Table Mountain-Devil's Peak-To

what Class of Rocks do those of the Cape Peninsula belong?

-At what Period did the Cape Rocks rise above the Level of

the Sea?-Vegetables incrusted with Calcareous Sand con-

founded with Coral, and adduced as a Proof of the very re-

cent Emergence from the Ocean of the Land supporting them

-Geology of the Table-land properly so called-Account of

the Sibilo of the Africans-Geological Survey of the Karroo

Ground recommended - Rivers - South African Lakes -

South African Springs-Remarks on the Importance of a

Knowledge of the Natural History and Chemical Composi-

tion of Springs-Geology of Caffraria, Natal, &c.-Conclu-

sion,........
..Page 373

CHAPTER XX.

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE QUADRUPEDS OF AFRICA.

Introductory Observations — Orang-outang - Monkeys - Ba-

boons-Lemurs-Galagos-Bats-Shrew Mice-Cape Mole

-Tenrec-Ratel-Otter-Jackals and Wild Dogs-Civets-

Lion-Panther and Leopard-Lynxes-Squirrels-Marmots

-Sand Mole-Gerboa-Rats and Mice-Dormice-Porcu-

pines-Hares and Rabbits-Cape Ant-eater-Manis- Ele-

phant-Rhinoceros-Ethiopian Hog-Hippopotamus-Zebra

- Quagga — Camel - Dromedary - Red Deer - Giraffe —

Antelopes of various Kinds-Gnu-Cape Buffalo-Egyptian

Goat and Sheep,.........

Page 409

CHAPTER XXI.

-

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BIRDS OF AFRICA.

Introductory Observations-Vultures-Serpent-eater-Eagles

Hawks-Owls-Butcher Birds - Thrushes - Buntings-

Colius- Beef-eaters Rollers-Goatsuckers Swallows-

Hoopoes-Promerops-Creepers-Bee-eater-Kingfishers—

Hornbills-Woodpeckers-Cuckoos-Honey-guide-Parrots

-Pogonias - Trogon - Musophaga - Touraco - Pigeons-

Guinea Fowls-Quails-Partridges, &c.-Ostrich-Bustards

-Balearic Cranes-Flamingo - Gigantic Stork - Umber-

Snipe and Woodcock-Sandpiper-Courier-Plover-Pen-

guin-Pelican-Plotus-Tern-Gull-Albatros-Cape Petrel

-Spur-winged Goose-Mountain Goose-Egyptian Goose-

Sheldrake-Musk-duck,.

..437

CHAPTER XXII.

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE REPTILES, FISHES, SHELLS, INSECTS, &c.

OF AFRICA.

-

Introductory Observations-Crocodiles-Lizards -Chameleon

- Serpents - Frogs - General Observations on Fishes

Muræna Gobius-Cottus - Scorpæna - Zeus - Remora

Labrus-Mackerel-Surmullet-Flying Gurnard — Electric

Silure-Salmon - Polypterus - Argentine - Flying-fish-

Polyneme-African Herring-Carp - Mormyrus - Ray-

Ostracion-Tetrodon-Pipe-fish-Fossil Fish-General Ob-

servations on Shells-Various African Species-Remarks on

the Distribution of Insects-Goliathus, &c.-Paussus-Man-

tis-Locusts-Butterfly Tribe-Bees-Scorpions-Centipedes

-Zoophytes-Coral-Sponge-Guinea Worm,.

.455

ENGRAVINGS.

MAP of Africa,..

VIGNETTE-Caravan in the Desert.

.....To face the Vignette.

Group of Figures -Chief, Jillemen or native Musicians,

Tuarick on his Camel, with Male and Female Tibboo,.

.157

Queen of Lattakoo, Lattakoo Warrior, and two Bosjesman Hottentots,.

.310

Negroes Preparing the Manioc Root,..

344

Negro Palaver-house,..

348

Group of African Animals-In front, in the centre, the Rhinoceros ;-to the right, the Hippopotamus and Orangoutang;-in the centre background, the Giraffe ;-to the left, Antelopes and Zebra,......

..413