and archers they divided into three bodies of near six hundred men each, one of which they placed beyond the left wing, another beyond the right, and the third in the centre. Then the generals ordered the soldiers to make their vows to the gods; and after they had made them, and sung the pæan, they marched. Chirisophus and Xenophon advanced at the head of those targeteers who were beyond the enemy's line; these, seeing them coming up, moved forward to receive them, and some filed off to the right and others to the left, leaving a great void in the centre. When the Arcadian targeteers, who were commanded by Æschines, the Arcadian, saw them divide, they ran forward in all haste, thinking they fled, and these were the first who gained the summit. They were followed by the Arcadian heavy-armed men, commanded by Cleanor the Orchomenian. The enemy, when once they began to give ground, never stood after, but fled some one way and some another. After the Greeks had gained the ascent, they encamped in many villages full of all sorts of provisions. Here they found nothing else worthy of their admiration; but there being great quantities of bee-hives' in those villages, all the soldiers who ate of the honeycombs lost their senses, and were seized with

1 The accident here mentioned by Xenophon is accounted for by Pliny, and farther explained by Tournefort. The first says there is a kind of honey found in this country called, from its effect, mænomenon; that is, that those who eat of it are seized with madness. He adds, that the common opinion is, that this honey is gathered from the flowers of a plant called rhododendros, which is very common in those parts. Tournefort, when he was in that country, saw there two plants, which he calls chamarhododendros, the first with leaves like the medlar, and yellow flowers; and the other with leaves like the laurocerasus, and purple flowers: this, he says, is probably the rhododendros of Pliny, because the people of the country think the honey that is gathered from its flowers produces the effects described by Xenophon.

a vomiting and purging, none of them being able to stand on their legs. Those who ate but little were like men very drunk, and those who ate much, like madmen, and some like dying persons. In this condition great numbers lay on the ground, as if there had been a defeat, and the sorrow was general. The next day, none of them died, but recovered their senses about the same hour they were seized; and the third and fourth day they got up as if they had taken physic.

From thence they made in two days' march seven parasangs, and arrived at the sea, and at Trebisond,' a Greek city well inhabited, and situated on the Euxine sea; it is a colony of the Sinopians, but lies in the country of the Colchians. Here they stayed about thirty days, encamping in the villages of the Colchians, and from thence made excursions into their country, and plundered it. The inhabitants of Trebisond supplied them with a market in their camp, and received the Greeks with great hospitality, making them presents of oxen, barley-meal, and wine; they also concluded a treaty with them in favor of the neighboring Colchians, the greatest part of whom inhabit the plain; and from these also the Greeks received more oxen as a mark of their hospitality. After this they prepared the sacrifice they had vowed. They had received oxen enough to offer to Jupiter, the preserver, and to Hercules, in return for their having conducted them with safety, and also to the other gods what they had vowed.

As this was a Greek city, the Greeks found themselves here in safety, after their long and glorious march. The port, which is on the east of the town, was built by the Emperor Adrian, as we find by Arrian, who, in his Periplus of the Euxine sea, which he dedicates to that emperor, says, 'that he was making a port there, for before there was no more than a station, where ships could only ride at anchor with safety in the summer time.' Tournefort says this port is now called Platana, and is much neglected by the Turks.

They also celebrated a Gymnic game on the mountain where they encamped, and chose Dracontius of Sparta (who having involuntarily killed a boy with his falchion, fled from his country when he was a child) to take care of the course and preside at the game.

6

When the sacrifice was over they delivered the hides of the victims to Dracontius, and desired he would lead them to the place where he had prepared the course. 'This hill,' said he, pointing to the place where they stood, is the most proper place for running, let them take which way they will.' But,' said they, 'how is it possible for them to wrestle in so uneven and so bushy a place?' 'He that is thrown,' replied he, will feel the greater anguish.' The course was run by boys, the greater part of whom were prisoners, and the long course by above sixty Cretans: others contended in wrestling, boxing, and the pancratium. All which made a fine sight: for many entered the lists, and as their friends were spectators, there was great emulation. Horses also ran: they were obliged to run down to the sea, and turning there, to come up again to the altar. In the descent many rolled down the hill; but when they came to climb it, the ascent was so very steep, the horses could scarcely come in at a foot pace. On this the spectators shouted, and laughed, and animated their friends.

BOOK V.

CHAP. I. WE have hitherto related the actions of the Greeks in their expedition with Cyrus, and in the march to the Euxine sea; how they arrived at Trebisond, a Greek city, and offered the sacrifices they had vowed to the gods, in return for their safety, in the place where they first came into the territories of their friends.

After that they assembled to consider of the remainder of their march, and Antileon of Thuria first rose up, and spoke in the following manner: For my part, friends, I am already tired with preparing my baggage, with walking and running, carrying my arms, and marching in my rank, and with mounting the guard and fighting; and therefore now desire, since we are arrived at the sea, to sail from hence forward, freed from these labors, and stretched out, like Ulysses, sleeping till we arrive in Greece.' The soldiers hearing this applauded him, and first another, and then all present expressed the same desire. On this Chirisophus rose up and said: Friends! Anaxibius is my friend, and at present admiral; if therefore you think proper to send me to him, I make no doubt of returning with gallies and ships to transport you; and since you are disposed to go by sea, stay here till I return, which will be very suddenly.' The soldiers hearing this were very well satisfied, and decreed that he should set sail immediately.

After him Xenophon got up and spoke to this effect: Chirisophus is gone to provide ships for us; in the mean time we propose to stay here. I shall therefore

acquaint you with what I think proper for us to do during our stay. In the first place, we must supply ourselves with provisions out of the enemy's country, for the market here is not sufficient to supply us: besides, few of us are furnished with money to provide ourselves with what we want, and the country is inhabited by the enemy. We shall therefore expose ourselves to lose many of our men if, when we go in search of provisions, we are careless and unguarded: so that I am of opinion, when you go out on these expeditions, you ought to take guides in order to be safe, and not wander about the country without them, and that the care of providing them be left to us.' This being resolved he went on: Hear also what I have farther to say. Some of you will, no doubt, desire to go out for plunder. Let all such therefore acquaint us with their intentions, and to what part of the country they propose to go, that we may know the number both of those who go and of those that stay, and assist the former in any thing they want; and if it shall be found necessary to send out succors, that we may know whither to send them: and that if any person of less experience undertakes any thing, by endeavoring to know the strength of the enemy, we may be able to advise him.' This also was resolved. In the next place, consider this,' said he: the enemy having leisure to make reprisals, may with justice lay snares for us, for we have possessed ourselves of what belongs to them, and they have the advantage of us by being posted on eminences that command our camp. For which reason I think we ought to place out-guards round the camp; and if by turns we mount the guard, and watch the motions of the enemy, we shall be the less exposed to a surprise. Take this also into your consideration. If we were assured that Chirisophus