learn.' From this time he entered under his tion, and became eminently qualified for all offices of public as well as private life. Having companied Socrates in the Peloponnesian war, manifested his valor, he was invited by Prox his friend to join Cyrus, who was engaged in expedition against his brother Artaxerxes, kin Persia; but he refused to comply till he c confer with Socrates, who advised him to con the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. This he did, merely put the question, under what auspices with what sacrifices he should prepare for expedition; to which a favorable answer hav been returned, he informed Socrates of the res who, after mildly reproving him for his dep ture from the advice he had solicited, bid him out under the direction of the God. Xenop paid due deference to these injunctions; but be ambitious, and eager to engage in a distant pedition, he hastened to Sardis, where he introduced to Cyrus the young prince, and trea with great attention. In the army he shov that he was a true disciple of Socrates, and t he had been educated in the warlike city Athens.

The particulars of the March of Cyrus are

deed so minutely described in the ANABASIS,' with reference to the topography and natural history of the various districts through which he travelled, that it has been thought he was advised, in his last interview with Socrates, to write the account.

The time for action now approaching, Cyrus took care to animate his Grecian troops by renewed and splendid promises, and to warn them of the immense superiority of numbers with which they would have to contend, encouraging them at the same time with assurances that they would find the Persian soldiers less than women.

Cyrus assigned the Greeks a position on the right of his army, flanked by the Euphrates, and directed Clearchus to command their right wing, and Menon the left. And here for the first time Xenophon makes mention of himself. Cyrus rode along at a moderate distance surveying both armies, looking now at the enemy, now at his friends. Xenophon seeing him from the Grecian line, rode out to meet him, and inquired if he had any commands for him. Stopping his horse, Cyrus desired him to tell them all, that the sacrifices and d victims were favorable. While he was saying this, he heard a clamor through the ranks, and asked what it was. Xenophon told him that they were

be.

exchanging a fresh watch-word. He wondered wh could have given it out, and asked what it migh Xenophon replied, that it was Jupiter th Preserver, and Victory.' Cyrus having heard it said, I agree to it; let it be so:' and having sai this, rode off to his station.

The minuteness with which a circumstance, i itself so little important, is related, is highly charac teristic of a young man ambitious of notice an gratified by the honor conferred on him. At th same time it seems to imply that Xenophon ha hitherto taken no part in the conduct of the army and had not been invited to the councils of the prince; for had he been accustomed to convers familiarly with Cyrus, he would scarcely have re corded the present interview.

The battle of Cunaxa, which followed imme diately after the anecdote that has just been re lated, in which Cyrus was slain and his army completely defeated by Artaxerxes, belongs to the history of Persia rather than to the life of Xeno phon. The native troops in the army of Cyru were totally routed; but in that part of the field in which the Greeks fought, the forces of Arta xerxes were put to flight in every direction, and almost without resistance. These last were pur

sued until the Grecians, wearied with slaughter and fatigue, returned to their camp.

In the mean time, Clearchus was too good general to neglect provisions for the immediate wants of his army. After dinner, when they were, according to the manner of the Greeks, assembled together to spend the heat of the day in conversation, some heralds arrived from the king and from Tissaphernes, demanding, in the name of the king, that they should ground their arms and surrender at discretion. Clearchus replied; and, among the rest, Xenophon thus addressed the messenger:

With us, Phalesius, as you may perceive, nothing is of value but our arms and our honor. As long as we preserve our arms, we can rely on our own valor; but in parting with them, we should be conscious of betraying ourselves. Think not therefore that we will resign our only remaining property, but rather we will use them in fighting for yours.' Phalesius laughed heartily at this set speech, and replied, You appear to be a scholar, young man, and what you say is pleasant enough; but I would not have your inexperience so much deceive you, as to set your boasted valor against the power of the king.'*

* It is wonderful that in the teeth of this contemp

After the battle of Cunaxa, and the fall young Cyrus, the prudence and vigor of his m were called into action. The Ten Thous Greeks, who had followed the standard of an a bitious prince, were now above six hundred leag from their native home, in a country surrounded every side by a victorious enemy, without mon or provisions, or a leader. All gave themsel up to despair. They felt that they were still t thousand miles from the nearest part of Gree close to the vast armies of the king, and s rounded on all sides by tribes of hostile barbaria who would supply them with nothing but at t expense of blows and blood: they had no gui acquainted with the country, no knowlege of t deep and rapid rivers which intersected it, and cavalry to explore the road, or cover their rear the march. As if discipline and hope had end together, the roll-call was scarcely attended to, tỉ watch-fires were scantily, or not at all, supplie and even their principal meal was neglected; whe chance led, they threw themselves down to res but not to sleep-for sleep was banished by though

tuous speech, recorded by Xenophon himself, two dis tinguished critics and historians, Spelman and Dodwel should have contended that he was at this time abou fifty years of age.