Remark 1.-Inertě, recente, and præcipě sometimes occur. Remark 2.-Præsens, when applied to things, makes the ablative in i; when used of persons, it has ě.

4. The neuter of the nominative and accusative plural ends in iă, and the genitive plural of all genders in ium; but větus, old, and uběr, fertile, have ů and um.

Exc. 1. Those adjectives that have only ě in the ablative singular have um in the genitive plural.

Exc. 2. Compounds of făcio and căpio, and of such nouns as make um in their genitive plural, with compăr, cìcăr, divés, mémăr, imměměr, præpes, supplex, and vigil, make their genitive plural

in ŭm.

Exc. 3. Dis, locūplēs, pār, sons, and insons have either um or ium; and other adjectives have sometimes um instead of iùm in the poets and later prose writers.

vetūs, větĕr-is, ancient; pl. větĕrēs, civilis, -ě, civil.

the ancients.

aug-eỗ, -ērě, aux-i, auc-tum, to swell, increase.

Translate into English.

Imbres récentes flumină omniă auxērunt. Vir bonus pauperibus cibům dabit. Pastor prūdens Ŏvēs agnosque ā lūpīs defensābĭt. Orgětŏrix, princeps Helvetiōrům, cōpiās auxĕrăt. Větěrēs Jŏvī taurōs ingentēs mactābant. Agricolæ prudentēs în pěnům mergitēs omnes portant. Cæsar fortes centuriōnēs laudăbăt. Mărius, Rōmānōrum

impĕrātor, fĕrācēs Numidiæ ǎgrōs ferro ignīquè vastāvĭt. Princeps crūdēlis innocentěm plēběm trūcīdāvĭt. Bellă civiliă nōbĭlĭtātěm ět cīvēs dīvĭtēs perterruĕrant. Princăpēs fěrōcēs atrociă bellă ămant. Rex fĕrox nōbĭlĭtātěm ǎd bellum magnům ět atrox concĭtāvit.

Translate into Latin.

No prudent (man) will give his sheep to the wolves. The happy mother loves her children. The innocent do not fear the face and countenance of a judge. The consul will preserve the ancient laws of the commonwealth. The prudent shepherds had sheared their sheep. A terrible lion tore in pieces all the inhabitants of the village. The enemy's soldiers had laid waste the whole city with fire and sword. The rich dread civil wars. The recent rains have swelled the great river. The poor (man) does not

fear the robber.

NUMERAL ADJECTIVES.

§ 63. 1. Adjectives expressing number are called numerals, and are divided into three classes, viz. :— (a.) Cardinals, which answer the question "How many?" as, ūnus, one; duo, two.

(b.) Ordinals, which express order or rank: as, prīmus, first; secundus, second.

(c.) Distributives, which answer the questions "How many to each ?"—" How many apiece?" as, singuli, one to each, one at a time, one apiece; bīnī, two apiece.

2. To these may be added numeral adverbs, which answer the question "How many times?" as, sěměl, once; bis, twice.

Remark 1.—The first three cardinal numbers are declined. From four to a hundred they are indeclinable; those denoting hundreds are declined like the plural of bonus: as, dŭcentī, -æ, -ă; -ōrum, -ārum, -ōrum, &c.

Remark 2.-For the declension of ūnūs, see ? 56. Trēs is

Quingenteni,

Sexcentēni,

Quingenties,
Sexcenties,

Septingentēni,

Septingenties,

Octingentēni,

Octingenties,

Nongentēnī,

Nongenties,

Millēnī;

Milliēs.

declined like the plural of brěvis; nominative trēs, triă; genitive trium; dative tribus, &c. Duo is thus declined :

:

Remark 3.-Duōrăm and duārém, especially when compounded with another word, or when joined with millium, are frequently contracted into duûm : as, duûmvìr, duûm milliŭm. Ambo, both, is declined like duo.

Remark 4.-Unus has a plural form—

(a.) With nouns which have no singular: as, ūnæ nuptiæ, one marriage.

(b.) With nouns which denote several things considered as one whole: as, ūnă vestimentă, one suit of clothes.

(c.) In the sense of alone or the same: as, ūni Ubu, the Ubians alone; ūnīs mōribus, with the same manners.

Remark 5.-From thirteen to nineteen, inclusive, instead of the compound forms (trěděcim, &c.), the simple numerals are used, with or without ěl: as, décěm ét trēs, or décěm trēs.

Remark 6.-From twenty to one hundred the greater number precedes without ět, or the smaller number with ět: as, vīgintī ūnūs, or ūnūs ēt viginti. Above one hundred the greater number is put first, with or without ět; but ět is not twice used in designating the same number: as, ducenti quadrāginta quinqué, or ducenti èt quadrāginta quinque, two hundred and forty-five.

Remark 7.-Subtractive forms are more commonly used for eighteen, twenty-eight, &c., and for nineteen, twenty-nine, &c.: as duodēviginti, duodetriginta, duõdēquadraginta, &c.; undēviginti, undetriginta, &c. Duo is not declined in these combinations.

Remark 8.-Thousands are usually expressed by the smaller numbers with milliă: as, děcěm milliă, ten thousand; sometimes

by the numeral adverbs with millě: as, déciēs millě, ten times a thousand, ten thousand.

As an

Remark 9.-Mille is either an adjective or a noun. adjective it is indeclinable and plural, and limits the name of the things numbered: as, millě hōminēs, a thousand men; cùm bis millě hōminibus, with two thousand (twice a thousand) men. As a noun it is indeclinable in the singular, and in the plural has milliă, milliŭm, millibus, and is limited by the name of the things numbered in the partitive genitive; as, millé hōmínům, a thousand (of) men; triă milliă hōmìnům, three thousand men (three thousand of men). But if a declined numeral comes between, the genitive is not used: as, triă milliă ēt trècentōs ĕquitēs circum sẽ hăbēbăt, he had three thousand three hundred horsemen around him.

Remark 10.—The poets sometimes use the numeral adverb to express smaller numbers; as, bis děcēm for viginti.

Remark 11.-Millions are expressed by combinations of centēnă milliă (a hundred thousand): as, déciēs centēnă milliă, one million; centies centēnă milliă, ten millions.

§ 65. Ordinals, Distributives, and Adverbs.

1. Prior is used instead of prīmus when only two things are spoken of. Alter is often used for secundus.

2. Between twelfth and twentieth the smaller number is usually put first; but the greater sometimes precedes, with or without ět: as, décimus et tertius, or décimus tertiùs.

3. In the other intermediate numbers, twenty-first, twentysecond, &c., the larger precedes without et, or the smaller with ět: as, quadrāgēsīmūs prīmūs, or prīmus et quadrāgēsīmūs: but instead of prīmés and sécundés, ūnus and duo are often used, duo being undeclined: as, ūnūs ēt vīcēsīmés, one-and-twentieth ; duo ět vicēsimo anno, in the twenty-second year.

4. For eighths and ninths in the intermediate numerals, the subtractive forms are often used: as, duodēvīcēsīmūs, undetrīcēsimus. So, also, in the distributives, and sometimes in the adverbs: as, duodēvicēni, undēvīcēnī; duodetricies, undēquadrāģiēs.