Knowledge and Its LimitsOxford University Press, 2002 - 340 pàgines Knowledge and its Limits presents a systematic new conception of knowledge as a fundamental kind of mental state sensitive to the knower's environment. It makes a major contribution to the debate between externalist and internalist philosophies of mind, and breaks radically with the epistemological tradition of analysing knowledge in terms of true belief. The theory casts light on a wide variety of philosophical issues: the problem of scepticism, the nature of evidence, probability and assertion, the dispute between realism and anti-realism and the paradox of the surprise examination. Williamson relates the new conception to structural limits on knowledge which imply that what can be known never exhausts what is true. The arguments are illustrated by rigorous models based on epistemic logic and probability theory. The result is a new way of doing epistemology for the twenty-first century. |
Continguts
Introduction | 1 |
Unanalysable knowledge | 2 |
Factive mental states | 5 |
Knowledge as the justification of belief and assertion | 8 |
The myth of epistemic transparency | 11 |
Unknowable truths | 18 |
A State of Mind | 21 |
12 Mental states firstperson accessibility and scepticism | 23 |
76 Sensitivity and broad content | 161 |
Scepticism | 164 |
83 Difference of evidence in good and bad cases | 169 |
84 An argument for sameness of evidence | 170 |
85 The phenomenal conception of evidence | 173 |
86 Sameness of evidence and the sorites | 174 |
87 The nontransparency of rationality | 178 |
88 Scepticism without sameness of evidence | 181 |
13 Knowledge and analysis | 27 |
14 Knowing as the most general factive mental state | 33 |
15 Knowing and believing | 41 |
Broadness | 49 |
22 Broad and narrow conditions | 51 |
23 Mental differences between knowing and believing | 54 |
24 The causal efficacy of knowledge | 60 |
Primeness | 65 |
32 Arguments for primeness | 66 |
33 Free recombination | 73 |
34 The explanatory value of prime conditions | 75 |
35 The value of generality | 80 |
36 Explanation and correlation coefficients | 83 |
37 Primeness and the causal order | 88 |
38 Nonconjunctive decompositions | 89 |
AntiLuminosity | 93 |
42 Luminosity | 94 |
43 An argument against luminosity | 96 |
44 Reliability | 98 |
45 Sorites arguments | 102 |
46 Generalizations | 106 |
47 Scientific tests | 109 |
48 Assertibility conditions | 110 |
Margins and Iterations | 114 |
51 Further iterations | 120 |
53 Close possibilities | 123 |
54 Point estimates | 130 |
55 Iterated interpersonal knowledge | 131 |
An Application | 135 |
61 Conditionally Unexpected Examinations | 143 |
Sensitivity | 147 |
72 Counterfactual sensitivity | 148 |
73 Counterfactuals and scepticism | 150 |
74 Methods | 152 |
75 Contextualist sensitivity | 156 |
Evidence | 184 |
92 Bodies of evidence | 186 |
93 Access to evidence | 190 |
94 An argument | 193 |
95 Evidence as propositional | 194 |
96 Propositional evidence as knowledge | 200 |
97 Knowledge as evidence | 203 |
98 Nonpragmatic justification | 207 |
Evidential Probability | 209 |
102 Uncertain evidence | 213 |
103 Evidence and knowledge | 221 |
104 Epistemic accessibility | 224 |
105 A simple model | 228 |
106 A puzzling phenomenon | 230 |
Assertion | 238 |
112 The truth account | 244 |
113 The knowledge account | 249 |
114 Objections to the knowledge account and replies | 255 |
115 The BK and RBK accounts | 260 |
116 Mathematical assertions | 263 |
117 The point of assertion | 266 |
Structural Unknowability | 270 |
122 Distribution over conjunction | 275 |
123 Quantification into sentence position | 285 |
124 Unanswerable questions | 289 |
125 Transworld knowability | 290 |
Correlation Coefficients | 302 |
Counting Iterations of Knowledge | 305 |
A Formal Model of Slight Insensitivity Almost Everywhere | 307 |
Iterated Probabilities in Epistemic Logic Proofs | 311 |
A NonSymmetric Epistemic Model | 316 |
Distribution over Conjunction | 318 |
Bibliography | 321 |
333 | |
Altres edicions - Mostra-ho tot
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Referències a aquest llibre
Knowledge by Agreement : The Programme of Communitarian Epistemology: The ... Martin Kusch Previsualització no disponible - 2002 |